Eduard Juhl

Eduard Hans Juhl (born November 2, 1884 in Enge , Tondern district, † June 10, 1975 in Hamburg-Rissen ) was a German Protestant pastor and spiritual writer .

Life

Juhl was pastor of the resurrection parish Hamburg-St. Pauli (1921–1927), pastor and head of the Halle / Saale city ​​mission (1927–1930), pastor in Wuppertal-Barmen (1930–1934), in Hamburg-Groß Flottbek (1934–1946), pastor and provost in Leck / Schleswig (1946-1954). He was head of the regional association of female youth in Hamburg, head of the city mission in Halle / Saale, federal warden of the West German young men’s union in Wuppertal, provost of the church district of Südtondern in Leck and (from 1953 to 1958) a member of the church leadership of the Lutheran Lutheran Church. State Church of Schleswig-Holstein .

Theology student in Tübingen and Halle and customs officer in Hamburg

Born as the son of a teacher in Enge in 1884, Juhl spent his school years in Garding and Husum and from 1904 devoted himself to studying theology in Tübingen and Halle . His nickname as a schoolboy and student was Jörn Uhl . In abbreviated form, this resulted in his name: J. Uhl . In Tübingen he studied with Theodor Haering , Adolf Schlatter , Julius Grill and Karl Holl , in Halle with Martin Kähler , Emil Kautzsch , Erich Haupt , Friedrich Loofs and Wilhelm Lütgert , whose “ family member ” he was. His fellow students included Paul Tillich , Arnold zur Nieden and Henri Birmelé, who, like him, were members of the Halle Wingolf . For internal and external reasons, Juhl gave up theology "soon after the first exam" and entered the customs administration in Hamburg as a supernumerar (= candidate for civil servants ) .

Soldier in World War I and prisoner of war in Siberia

During the First World War , Juhl was wounded as a lieutenant in East Prussia and taken prisoner of war in November 1914. After hospital stays in Warsaw , Polotsk and Moscow he spent almost five years in Siberia , about which he made several literary comments. At the request of his comrades, he became a camp chaplain for several prison camps. He was also entrusted with caring for the captured teams in cooperation with the Swedish Red Cross. This task brought him in contact with the Swede Elsa Brändström .

In May 1918, an order from the Prussian War Ministry and the German Red Cross made him a member of one of the prisoner welfare and exchange commissions established as a result of the Brest-Litowsk peace treaty . An arrest on suspicion of espionage during the turmoil of the Russian Civil War earned him an eight-month internment in Omsk . He and all the other members of the Prisoners' Welfare Commission were expelled from Siberia on March 29, 1919, and on April 5, 1919, under the guarantee of the Swedes , he was transported to Germany via Vladivostok , America , Norway and Denmark .

City missionary in Hamburg-St. Pauli and Halle / Saale

The experiences of imprisonment gave Juhl the reason to turn to theology again. After the second theological exam, which he was allowed to take without further preparation within three days before the consistory in Kiel , and after a two-month recovery stay in Sweden in the winter of 1920/1921, during which he saw Elsa Brändström again and got to know Archbishop Nathan Söderblom he in Hamburg on June 26, 1921 ordained and took a pastorate in Hamburg-St. Pauli.

In addition to Helmuth Schreiner , the head of the Hamburg city mission , Juhl led the city mission for the St. Pauli district in addition to his community work and became chairman of the regional association of female youth. He was a delegate at the Federal Representative Assembly of the West German Young Men’s Association in Barmen in 1921.

During this time Juhl wrote numerous apologetic works in which he countered the attacks of various church opponents. He took part in meetings and conferences of the people's mission in Isernhagen , Blankenburg in Thuringia, Spandau and Rostock .

In 1927 he took over the management of the city mission in Halle / Saale. There he founded the magazine Helfen und Heilen and built “Haus Rungholt ”, a home for difficult-to-educate girls, which still exists today with other tasks.

In September 1928 Juhl took part in the Congress for Inner Mission in Königsberg , where he experienced the “maiden speech” from Otto Riethmüller , who had just taken up the position of director of the Burckhard House and the “Evangelical Reich Association of Female Youth” in Berlin-Dahlem . In the following years, Juhl worked together with Riethmüller in a commission made up of men and women from both Reichsverbandes, which were supposed to create a joint songbook for the German Protestant youth , which was then published in 1932 under the titles Das neue Lied für die Frauen Jugend and Der bright Ton for the young men appeared.

In November 1929 Juhl married Elsa Brändström and Robert Ulich with a few friends in the library room of the “Bad Marienborn” sanatorium in Schmeckwitz . Elsa Brändström had met Juhl as a prisoner in Siberia, where he later became one of her reliable comrades-in-arms.

Federal Warden of the West German Young Men Association in Wuppertal-Barmen

In 1930, Juhl took up the post of Federal Warden of the West German Young Men 's Union in Wuppertal - Barmen as the successor to Paul Humburg . He took over this office in economically and politically tense times. The world economic crisis , the reparations payments according to the “ Young Plan ”, the emergency ordinances of Heinrich Brüning and radical political parties shook the Weimar Republic . Like many of his contemporaries, Juhl also felt his presence was crisis-ridden - he gave his report on the Westbund in 1932 the programmatic “Evangelical Youth Work in the World Crisis”.

Juhl called for the youth work to be non-partisan: "We don't have to launch our youth into any party." He saw the Bible as the decisive yardstick for political decisions. Youngsters should learn how the Bible assesses ethnicity, race, and social order. At the same time, he recommended that pastors active in youth work read Deutsches Volkstum , Die Tat und Glaube und Volk , thereby expressing a broad agreement with the national-conservative tenor of these papers.

Direction for the Protestant youth

Juhl saw his primary task in the direction and guidance of the Protestant youth . The Evangelical Youth Office owes the Gospel to the youth . As an educational goal he formulated: “For the truth, the justice, for God's unconditional claim, also for own interests, also for the German people and German youth, fighters are wanted for this. To do this, it is important to help, educate and lead youth. "

With these guidelines, Juhl tried to set substantive premises for evangelical work with young men. In practice, he put his ideas into practice in courses, courses, leisure time and conferences. In one year the Westbund organized over 100 camps and reached almost 10,000 young people. There were also federal festivals, for example a Bundestag, which almost 5,000 members of the Western Federation attended. On November 7th and 8th 1931 the 75th anniversary of the CVJM - Iserlohn was celebrated. Juhl spoke as federal warden of the West German Young Men 's Union in the festive church service in the Oberste Stadtkirche and also on the festive afternoon in the great hall of the Alexanderhöhe.

The scripture mission was also important to Juhl. He himself published writings in the state-owned Aussaat-Verlag with which he wanted to help his employees, such as his treatise on basic questions of Protestant youth leadership .

Wrestling over the question of war guilt

Juhl took part in the world conference in Cleveland / Ohio from August 4th to 9th, 1931 as a delegate of the German YMCA . In preparation for this important conference, he learned English on vacation in 1930 in the Scottish Highlands with stays in Edinburgh , Perth and Bonskeid and from February 16 to 28, 1931, he took part in the YMCA pre-conference in Geneva .

For the Reichsverband der Evangelischen Jungmännerbünde and related efforts , the world conference in the USA was supposed to serve the "fight against the war guilt lie, from which all German misery has its origin". The Reichsverband took a strategic approach: some of its prominent members initiated lively correspondence with colleagues from other associations who were considered to be favored by the Germans - the Reichsverband was active in diplomacy. He also looked for scientific support and asked Arnold Meyer , Professor of History in Göttingen, for an expert opinion on the relationship between the peace treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Bucharest and the Treaty of Versailles - the Reich Association specifically sought expert opinions . This Meyer's opinion presented the treaties of Brest-Litowsk and Bucharest as generously and sustainably serving peace. Finally, the Reichsverband responded with its own memorandum to a study published by the YMCA World Association, which the Reichsverband communicated in the run-up to the world conference in Cleveland. Leading figures of German Protestantism worked on it, including Paul Althaus .

The memorandum began by acknowledging the study that "it is undoubtedly to be welcomed that the Federation has turned its attention to the question of its responsibility to the relations between peoples in a way that represents an advance on the methods previously used". But already with the "basic explanation" the memorandum contradicted the study in the strongest possible way. The study "clearly states that for some, the order of the world is different from the order of the church, while others are firmly convinced of the necessity and possibility of the Christianization of human civilization" ". Neither of these two views can be accepted. The assessment “On the world situation” was also rigorously rejected.

The memorandum aroused opposition. Then kept Alphons Koechlin , at that same time chairman of various committees and later Vice President, against the "fusion of theology and political concerns."

In Cleveland, the Executive Committee of the German delegation presented a “preliminary draft” which the German delegation ( Stoltenhoff , Ministerialdirektor von Kameke , Juhl) changed. There were bitter arguments. But then the conference turned out completely different than expected. The Scottish delegate MacKay demanded in the opening session, "remove 'this brand' and give satisfaction". Even Reinhold Niebuhr , a professor of Christian ethics at Union Theological Seminary in New York, described the sole guilt of Germany in the war as a "war fraud." Finally, on August 8, 1931, there was a vote on the "War Debt Resolution". In it, the world conference once again emphasized that it was not responsible for “dealing with all the political aspects of a question which they only approach because of their common spiritual tasks, but they do not wish anything in common to have the injustice of assigning sole responsibility for the world war to a people or a group of peoples. "

While the German YMCA celebrated the rally as a glorious victory and received a lot of positive echo outside of their ranks, the Völkischer Beobachter spoke of "German miseries abroad". The German delegation abstained and declared itself "neutral" to the Versailles dictation.

Representation of the West German Young Men’s Union at the national level

As federal warden, Juhl represented the Western Union in the Reich Association of Protestant Young Men and related efforts . Within the Reich Association, Juhl campaigned for a tighter summary of the young men’s work. To this end, he worked out a concept that he presented to the Reich Representatives Conference in May 1933. A key point was the expansion of the competencies of the Reichswartes Erich Stange , who was supposed to represent the young man's factory externally. Another innovation was the establishment of a “Führer Council”, which was to manage the business of the Reich Association and draft a new constitution. Stange as chairman, Fritz Humburg from the board of the Westbund, Hugo Hohloch from the YMCA- Stuttgart, the national secretary of the Reichsverband Hero Lust, the chairman of the East German young men’s factory, Friedrich Peter and Juhl, belonged to this leadership council . The newly organized young men’s factory closed in July In 1933 together with the female youth associations under the leadership of Stange to form the “Evangelical Youth Organization”.

Juhl held the “Office for Design” within the “Evangelical Youth of Germany” (EJD) and presented “Measures for the standardization of design”, which were raised to a resolution on June 13, 1933 by the leadership of the EJD. It says u. a .:

“Evangelical youth generally greet each other with the following greeting : a) Greeting gesture: raising the right arm; b) Preliminary greeting: Sieg-Heil. "

Juhl later recalled:

“The years 1933/1934 brought me a particularly large number of encounters with Otto Riethmüller, encounters that brought us closer together and connected us more closely than anything before. At that time it was about nothing less than to be or not to be of the whole Protestant youth work in the fight against dictatorship and terror. We both belonged (next to Stange, Smidt and Dannenmann ) to the five-man ring of leaders who had to fight the whole bitter struggle and were responsible for the individual and overall decisions in front of the structures of our plants. "

The Protestant youth associations negotiated jointly about the "integration" of the Protestant youth associations operated by Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller and Reich Youth Leader Baldur von Schirach . Juhl's attitude towards integration was ambivalent: on the one hand he wanted to work with Müller and Schirach, on the other hand he wanted to preserve the independence of the Westbund. In December 1933, the talks about an amicable cooperation between the Protestant youth organizations with the Reich Bishop and the Reich Youth Leader failed; Over the heads of the youth representatives, Müller and Schirach signed the integration contract, which made the youth organization subordinate to the Hitler Youth and according to the provisions of which the youth organization was now banned from many of its traditional fields of activity.

In order to strengthen the position of the opponents of the integration contract, Juhl had a legal opinion drawn up, which declared the contract to be invalid. He spoke openly and clearly against the integration. But his opposition was directed against the Reich Church leadership and against the Reich Youth Leader; he hoped that the Reich Government would continue to intervene in favor of the youth organization. In February 1934 that hope was shattered when Hitler recognized the treaty. Juhl commented on his decision: “The state has spoken. The will of the Führer is clear. We want to prove that we are not engaging in sabotage, but have always wanted the unity of German youth, even where we were not believed. "

Juhl and those responsible in the Reichsverband tried to prevent integration. They wanted to undermine the integration contract by dismissing the members. The members of the youth work did not automatically become members of the Hitler Youth - they had to declare their personal readiness to do so. In this way, the youth work had sought and found a way to oppose the will of the Reich Bishop and Schirach.

The youth representatives tried to curb the power of the Reich youth pastor Karl Friedrich Zahn, appointed by Müller, who was to carry out the integration. To this end, they proposed Juhl as the second youth pastor. Juhl got caught between the fronts. He had to experience that the leaders of the Westbund associations accused him of “betraying” the Protestant youth. At the end of February 1934 he asked for his leave of absence and then for his release. The Westbund appointed Johannes Busch as his successor.

Birgit Siekmann wrote about Juhl:

“... his commitment to the Westbund, whose welfare was entrusted to him as federal warden, deserves attention. As a result of this office, he got into the 'fight for youth' in a prominent position, the title of a book by the Bavarian youth pastor Heinrich Riedel . He enjoyed the express appreciation, for example, of his successor Johannes Busch or an Otto Riethmüller. It is all the more tragic that his work ended with a dissonance that hit Juhl himself to the core. But it is wrong to judge Juhl only from the point of view of the end of his work. In the only five years of his tenure he had earned a respected position among the leaders of the other youth organizations and in the Reichsverband; his word carried weight. Juhl himself described his years with the Westbund in a letter to Walter Stursberg, Federal Secretary of the Westbund since 1946, as the 'most beautiful years of his life'. "

Pastor in Hamburg

Juhl returned to Hamburg in 1934 and became a pastor in Hamburg-Groß Flottbeck. Here he joined the pastors of the Confessing Church . In 1935 he wrote one of the Breklum booklets for the confessional community in Schleswig-Holstein . In his 1937 Reformation Festival sermon betrayed Luther? together with Luther he defended the importance of the Old Testament for the Christian faith.

On May 21, 1939, the parish hall in Groß Flottbek , built with the help of a generous donation from Hermann Reemtsma , was inaugurated by Provost Wilhelm Schetelig, a friend of Juhl's.

In his book Wir suffered for Germany , published in 1939, Juhl described the Nazi takeover of power as follows:

“And then - came the sunrise - 'after a long night of shame we all went up in flames'… The German awakening roared through the country and people like a storm wind… Who could have cheered more than we former prisoners! Who could understand the seventh revolution better and greet it more joyfully than we, whose six revolutions had shattered and devoured body and soul to the core ?! - All our red-hot hopes behind barbed wire - now it began to be fulfilled; all our deepest ancestors, longings and dreams - now it began to come true! Now finally - finally the day of freedom really dawned, which we hoped for in deep distress and agony from returning home - hoped for in vain! Only now did the gates of captivity really open for us! Only now was our disgrace erased, from which we had suffered up to despair all these years. ... "

His writing We suffered for Germany. Behind barbed wire - and yet at the forefront (Bahn, Schwerin 1939) was placed on the list of literature to be segregated in the Soviet occupation zone after the Second World War .

Pastor and provost in Leck / Südtondern

From 1946 to 1954 he worked as a pastor and provost in Leck / Südtondern. During the synodal disputes in 1946/1947 about the structure and structure of the Ev.-Luth. Schleswig-Holstein's regional church after the Second World War, Juhl and others advocated giving President Wilhelm Halfmann the name of a regional bishop and giving the church leadership the right to appoint one provost for Schleswig and one for Holstein.

In the late summer of 1948, Juhl accepted an invitation to Sweden, where at Gripenberg Castle near Tranäs, thanks to the efforts of Swedish and Norwegian human friends (including Birger Forell ), every six weeks, 20–30 “German men and women who have consumed their strength in charity to find mental, spiritual and physical relaxation ”. They came there with representatives of various other nations - especially Swedes, Norwegians, Finns, but also Danes, Dutch, English and others - for an intellectual exchange on the most varied of contemporary and world problems. In almost daily lectures, to which every invited guest had to undertake, and in-depth discussions around the fireplace and on walks, they tried “to work towards understanding among peoples, the professions and social classes of their own people and between people ".

At the beginning of November 1948, at the invitation of the World Council of Churches in Geneva , Juhl took part in the German-Danish border conference in Snoghoi near Fredericia ; At the end of May 1952 at the Nordic-German church convention in Liselund on Zealand.

Since 1949 Juhl has been a member of the Evangelical Week in Flensburg . In the first half of the 1950s he took part in four eight-day American-German theologian conferences in Bad Boll and Neuendettelsau .

From February 1953 to June 1958 Juhl was a member of the church leadership of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. State Church of Schleswig-Holstein. In May 1953 he represented the regional church at the meeting of men of the Protestant church with leading politicians, especially the SPD , in Königswinter ; At the beginning of September 1953 on the eight hundredth anniversary of the Linköping diocese in Sweden; in October 1953 at the introduction of the new regional bishop for Saxony, D. Noth , in Meissen .

Retirement in Hamburg

From 1955 Juhl spent his retirement in Hamburg-Volksdorf.

From August to October 1958 he traveled to America for the third time with stays “again in New York and Washington, but this time mainly in the 'most American America' in middle-west : in Illinois , Wisconsin , Michigan , Indiana . I also stood on the Empire State Building again , still the tallest skyscraper in the world ”.

He remained active as a writer for ten years. Four of his most important books (the new version of Näher nach HOME and Elsa Brändström, Christmas Stories, The Companions ) were written in the eighth (!) Decade of his life. For the publication of the third edition of his book Closer to Home. A picture book on the Bible in 1971 could be found a little later in the Church Law and Ordinance Gazette of Ev.-Luth. State Church of Schleswig-Holstein (Piece 1, 1972) read:

“The aforementioned book 'from our own ranks' was published in the third edition these days and deserves to come into many hands and houses. We recommend the book of our old provost with a word from 'work and reflection': There are probably few books that appeal to such a diverse audience as this book. Young and old people, youth leaders, teachers and pastors will find an abundance of images and parables in this 'picture book on the Bible' that are not conceived but experienced and looked at in a changeful life, on many mountain hikes and journeys through the world and in long-term Siberian captivity. What the author has experienced as a youth leader and pastor in the big city and in the country and not least as a person among people, he lets in his 'picture book' become transparent for the reality that lies beyond the visible things. The pictures created from the lived life introduce the reader to the still little known and often misunderstood Bible . "

Juhl died very old in 1975 at the age of 90 in Hamburg-Rissen. The marriage concluded in Garding in 1919 had six daughters and three sons. His youngest son also became a pastor and provost.

Fonts

author

• The mental and emotional distress of our prisoners in Siberia , Hamburg: Agency of the Rauhen Haus 1919.
• Before a new risk. Report submitted to the Federal Representation of the West German Young Men’s Union , Barmen 1921.
• The spirit of man and the spirit world. Dark questions of the soul life, illuminated for searching people , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1923 (8th edition 1930), therein:
  • 1. Day consciousness and subconscious.
  • 2. Action at a distance in space.
  • 3. Action at a distance in time.
  • 4. The dream life.
  • 5. Spiritism.
• Dein Weg , self-published in 1925.
• Flashing fire in night and fog. Experienced and seen from the colorful picture book of my life , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1925 (5th edition 1928).
• Wrestling with Satan's kingdom. Superstition and sorcery , Berlin-Dahlem: Wichern 1926.
• Food on the Sunday of the Dead , Halle: Köhler 1927.
• Of stars, steppes and barbed wire. Five years of Siberia , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1928 (excerpts from Blinkfeuer in Nacht und Nebel ).
• Court or rescue , Halle: Koehler 1929.
• About summit and abyss. A word on the modern crisis of Christianity , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1930 (a chapter of the same name can be found in Closer Home ... , 1949, p. 35 ff .; 1959, p. 39 ff.).
• About truth and reality , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1930; in this:
  • From the will to the truth.
  • The struggle for two worlds.
  • Believing in life.
  • From the path to heroism.
  • From learning the language of God.
• Our faith venture. About truth and honor. Our struggle for “embassy” and the question of war guilt in America , Barmen: West German Young Men Association 1931.
• Evangelical youth work in the world crisis. Report, submitted to the Federal Representation of the West German Young Men’s Union in Munster 1932 , undated, undated [1932].
• Basic questions of Protestant youth leadership , Wuppertal-Unterbarmen: sowing 1932.
• Superstition and Sorcery - Delusion or Reality? (Breklumer booklet No. 5), Breklum: Office for People's Mission 1935.
• To truth and honor , in: Junge Kirche 5 (1937) 176-179.
• Betrayal of Luther? Reformation festival sermon on October 31, 1937 in Groß Flottbek , Hamburg: Agency of the Rauhen Haus 1937 (online at Archive.org) .
• What women could do. Help behind barbed wire , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1938.
• Whether Satan or God, if only it helps! Delusion and reality in the world of superstition (Klares Ziel, Issue 10) , Brandenburg (Havel): CVJM o. J .; Berlin: Ostwerk 1939.
• We suffered for Germany. Behind barbed wire - and yet on the front line . With a foreword by Adolf Fürst zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1939.
• With the Bible in Siberian captivity , Konstanz: Christian publishing house 1940.
• Christmas experienced and suffered , Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1940.
• Closer to home. A picture book on the Bible , Rendsburg: Heinrich Möller Sons (Church of the Homeland Husum) undated (1949), new version Hamburg: Agency des Rauhen Haus 1959 (3rd edition 1971).
• Christmas stories. Stories , Stuttgart: Quell 1964.
• The companions. Unforgettable encounters around the world , Stuttgart: Quell 1965.

Co-author and editor

• What do I do with the Bible today? Schwerin: Friedrich Bahn 1924 (5th edition 1925), therein:
  • 1. How did the Bible come about? By Pastor Julius Hahn, Hamburg-Eilbeck
  • 2. What does the Bible want? By Pastor Julius Hahn, Hamburg-Eilbeck
  • 3. What does the Bible give? By Pastor Franz Tügel , Hamburg-St. Pauli
  • 4. Why do I believe the Bible? By Pastor Franz Tügel, Hamburg-St. Pauli
  • 5. How do I read my Bible? By Pastor Eduard Juhl, Hamburg-St. Pauli
  • 6. How do I live my Bible? By Pastor Eduard Juhl, Hamburg-St. Pauli (online at seelsorgenet.de)
• Junge, Junge [tent camp], Barmen n.d.
• Manly youth. 50 boy devotions , Wuppertal-Barmen: sowing 1930.
• You are eagles. 50 devotions for young people , Wuppertal-Barmen: sowing 1933.
• Elsa Brändström. Path and work of a great woman in Sweden, Siberia, Germany and America , Stuttgart: Quell 1962 (together with Margarete Klante and Herta Epstein).

literature

• Johannes Jürgensen: The bitter lesson: Protestant youth 1933 , Stuttgart: edition aej 1984, pp. 47, 72, 88, 145.
• Walter Stursberg: Eduard Juhl , in: ders .: Exemplified. 34 life pictures from the YMCA movement , Wuppertal 1988.
• Friedrich Hammer : Directory of the pastors of the Schleswig-Holstein regional church 1864–1976 , ed. from the Association for Schleswig-Holstein Church History, Neumünster: Wachholtz 1991, p. 185.
• Birgit Siekmann: Protestant youth work in the Rhineland and the Protestant youth organization in Germany. Structural problems of evangelical youth organizations under the power claims of the National Socialist state and the German-Christian Reich Church , Diss. (Wuppertal) 1997.
• Birgit Siekmann:  Juhl, Eduard. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 21, Bautz, Nordhausen 2003, ISBN 3-88309-110-3 , Sp. 733-739. (online at bbkl.de)
• Birgit Siekmann: The question of war guilt at the world conferences of the World Federation of Christian Associations of Young Men. The German YMCA on a national mission on the international stage , in: dies./Peter Schmidtsiefer (Hg.): Global Players or Fatherlandslose journeymen. Examples from the Wuppertal for encounters with the “wide world” , Nordhausen 2015, pp. 80-103.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Obituary Edward Juhl in KGVO (online kirchenrecht-nordkirche.de)
2. ↑ Based on the development novel "Jörn Uhl" by Gustav Frenssen , which appeared in 1901 and was very successful with audiences and critics.
3. ↑ zur Nieden, Arnold Theodor. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
4. ↑ The residents of the Vogesendorf Soultzeren were evacuated between 1915 and 1919. The Alsatian pastor Henri Birmelé, who accompanied his parish into the time of exile and reconstruction, tried to give meaning to this time with a saying from Hebrews 13:14: “We have no permanent city here.” (Online at itinerairesprotestants.fr)
5. ^ Arnold zur Nieden, Henri Birmelé, Eduard Juhl: Memories of the Hallenser Wingolf , in: Paul Tillich: A picture of life in documents. Letters, diary excerpts, reports . Edited by Renate Albrecht and Margot Hahl, Stuttgart: Ev. Verlagswerk 1980, p. 30 ff.
6. ↑ Juhl: The Companions ... , p. 94.
7. ↑ In Omsk, Juhl met Elsa Brändström again, who had set out for Siberia a third time at the request of the German government. The prisoners of war on their way home to the west had been interned in the camps again and placed under the supervision of the Czechosloqwak legions . (Juhl et al .: Elsa Brändström ... , p. 151 f.)
8. ^ Elsa Brändström accompanied the designated commission to Vladivostok. (Juhl: Die Begleiter ... , p. 66 ff .; 76 ff .; Elsa Brändström ... , p. 163 ff.)
9. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 94 f.
10. ↑ Juhl: The companions… , p. 96 ff .; Elsa Brändström… , p. 207 ff.
11. ^ Hammer: Directory of Pastors ... , p. 185.
12. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 102 ff.
13. ↑ Juhl: Die Begleiter ... , p. 121 f .: “I gave him the name that I had brought with me from my North Frisian homeland, as a symbol for the goal of his task and work, and left a piece of my life in him. "Newspaper report on the 75th anniversary of" Haus Rungholt "in 2002: online at mz-web.de .
14. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 141 ff.
15. ↑ Petra Löschke: Elsa Brändström on her 125th birthday. The “Angel of Siberia” worked in Saxony for a decade (online at Gesundheit-sachsen.de) . When in 1933 there was allegedly no more space for Elsa Brändström and Robert Ulich in Germany, Juhl gave a lecture at the Reichstag of the Reich Association of Former POWs in the old town hall in Mühlhausen in Thuringia: What did Elsa Brändström for us? Although the conference had a disturbing effect as far as Goebbels , all attempts to stay were unsuccessful. The Brändström-Ulich couple emigrated to America with their two-year-old daughter Brita . Professor Ulich was "a religious socialist - not a Jew , as the Nazi press put it". (Juhl: The Companions ... , p. 73 f.)
16. ↑ This and other quotations from Eduard Juhl in this and the following sections come from Birgit Siekmann's lexicon article about him: BBKL , Volume XXI (2003) columns 733–739 (online at bbkl.de) .
17. ↑ Birgit Siekmann judges in the BBKL article: “Significant are passages in Juhl's writings in which he polemicizes against the Peace of Versailles , social democracy , liberalism or the parliamentary order . In them he saw the cause of the 'world crisis'. "
18. ↑ Juhl: Die Begleiter ... , p. 134: “Our youth festivals, Bundestag, small and large camps were inconceivable without the trumpets , and wherever possible, Father Kuhlo himself came to conduct. We also held special trumpet festivals together. ... "
19. ↑ http://cvjm-iserlohn.de/wordpress/?p=3086
20. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 175 ff.
21. ↑ Juhl: Die Begleiter… , p. 155 ff. Cf. also Bonskeid House History (online at pluralist.co.uk)
22. ↑ Juhl: Die Companion ... , p. 163 ff.
23. ^ Evidence for all quotations in this section from Siekmann: The war guilt question… .
24. ↑ For example Emanuel Hirsch , Paul Althaus , Rudolf Smend and Arnold Oskar Meyer , letter from Juhl to Dr. Müller dated June 30, 1931.
25. ^ Opinion on the relationship between the Brest-Litovsk and Bucharest peace treaties and the Versailles treaty , prepared by AO Meyer, Munich, July 10, 1931; Note: "Please return it to Federal Warden P. Juhl after the conference".
26. ^ Letter from Juhl to Dr. Müller dated June 30, 1931. See letter from Juhl to Alfred von Wegerer dated May 7, 1931. Juhl asks Wegerer for “training documents”. This was the editor of the tent publication “The War Guilt Question. Berlinermonthshefte ”, the organ of the“ war guilt department ”, which actively propagated Germany's wartime innocence. Juhl was also in contact with the “Working Committee of German Associations”, which also carried out intensive public relations work in this regard. Cf. u. a. Letter from the Working Committee of German Associations to Juhl dated May 8, 1931.
27. ↑ Relations between peoples. A memorandum for the 20th Christian Young Men Conference , adopted by the Executive Committee of the Reich Association on January 16, 1931.
28. ↑ The relationship between peoples. A Study of the International Responsibility of the Alliance as a whole and in its individual members for use by national movements and local associations , ed. from the World Federation of Christian Young Men’s Associations, study sheets for the 1931 World Conventions, Series A, Book II, [1930]. The study was available to the Reichsverband by October 1930 at the latest, when the board of the Reichsverband commissioned Eduard Juhl to form a committee to draft the memorandum.
29. ↑ For a fundamental and critical assessment of the memorandum, see Birgit Siekmann: Die Kriegsschuldfrage ... , p. 98 ff.
30. ↑ Biography Alphons Koechlin (online at dietrich-bonhoeffer.net) ( Memento from February 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
31. ↑ Printed by Jürgensen: The bitter lesson ... , p. 143 ff.
32. ↑ Biography of Udo Smidt online at gdw-berlin.de
33. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 151 f.
34. ↑ Cf. on this Rebecca Müller: Training as a community assistant. The seminar for church women’s service in the Burckhardthaus eV 1926–1971 , Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2014, p. 143.
35. ↑ A little later, in May 1934, the first Synod of Confession of the Confessing Church took place in Wuppertal-Barmen . Essentially written by Karl Barth , with the assistance of Thomas Breit and Hans Asmussen , the Barmer Theological Declaration was created . In his last year in Wuppertal-Barmen, Juhl had worked in a position that was significant in church history, “in the eye of the hurricane” (Siekmann).
36. ↑ https://www.birgit-siekmann.de/
37. ↑ BBKL , Volume XXI (2003) columns 733-739.
38. ↑ See also the list of pastors of the confessional community of Ev.-Luth. Landeskirche Schleswig-Holstein , 1938, p. 5, 15. Propstei Pinneberg (online at geschichte-bk-sh.de) . In his memoirs, Juhl reports that he was elected to succeed Helmuth Schreiner by the board of trustees of the Johannesstift in Spandau in the mid-thirties : “At the last hour, a newly baked bishop of the ' German Christians ' interfered and asked me to to leave the 'Confessing Church'. My answer was: Neither I nor a bishop nor the gentlemen of the Reich Ministry of Churches could wish for such a headman, who from the outset denied his theological convictions and his ecclesiastical standpoint in the church struggle for the sake of the office offered to him . And so I did not become Schreiner's and Philipps' successors in Spandau. And that was certainly a good thing. ”(Juhl: Die Begleiter ... , p. 108 f.)
39. ↑ https://archive.org/details/JuhlVerratAnLuther
40. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 197 f.
41. ↑ Juhl is possibly alluding to the symbol of the swastika used by the National Socialists . Critical to this Otto Baumgarten : Kreuz und Hakenkreuz , Gotha 1926. In the penultimate of the 50 youth devotions published by Juhl in 1930, however, it says: “ I once heard a story from Napoleon I that when he thought about it, he was astonished that he was Jesus still ruled today without soldiers, without weapons, and built his kingdom and his disciples carried forward his flags, while Alexander's kingdom had long since decayed and his own armies had long since dispersed to the winds. Yes, the world will always be amazed that Jesus' name cannot be erased. Not only that, it too will one day be overcome and lie at his feet. 'It must perish, Lord, all your enemies!' Don't we want to rejoice from the bottom of our hearts? Who has a right to this joy? Who does not rejoice in vain? Our text goes even further: 'But those who love him must be like the sun rises in their power.' Right. 5.31. Do we notice how this is related? Only those who love him can be happy about Jesus' victory. And whoever loves him must be like the mighty rising sun, ie man must want to work for him, must want to help in Jesus' victory. "( Mannlichen Jugend ... , p. 100 f.)
42. ↑ Juhl quotes two lines from the Bundeslied (1815) (online on gutenberg.spiegel.de) by Ernst Moritz Arndt .
43. ↑ Juhl: We suffered for Germany ... , p. 93.
44. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1946-nslit-i.html
45. ↑ As a member of the Constitutional Committee set up by the Provisional General Synod, which presented the draft of a new basic church order in October 1947, Juhl voted in the matter of regional church government that there should only be one bishop who should be the chairman of the church leadership and that he On each side, an episcopal vicar, who would also have to belong to the church leadership, would look after the Schleswig and Holstein districts. Even if Reinhard Wester was initially appointed provost and episcopal vicar with the rank of senior church councilor for the district of Schleswig , a different solution than the one proposed by Juhl and his synodal colleagues was later found. ( Kurt Jürgensen : The Hour of the Church. The Ev.-Luth. Regional Church of Schleswig-Holstein in the first years after the Second World War , Neumünster 1976, p. 99 ff .; see also p. 85; 98; 101; 354, note . 65; 359, note 112.)
46. ↑ Juhl: Closer to Home ... , p. 137; The companions ... , p. 232 ff.
47. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 253 ff .; Report on 50 years of the Nordic-German Church Convention (online at ekd.de) ( Memento from February 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ).
48. ↑ http://www.geschichte-bk-sh.de/index.php?id=384
49. ^ Regional Church Archives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany , Kiel location: History of the Church leadership of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. State Church of Schleswig-Holstein (online at deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de)
50. ↑ Juhl: The companions ... , p. 257 ff.
51. ↑ Juhl: Closer to Home ... , p. 92; The Companions ... , pp. 267–322.
52. ↑ From Juhl's life stories one could create an itinerary with the following way stations: a) In Siberia behind barbed wire: Die Begleiter , p. 12; 46 ff .; 66 ff. B) On the way home around the globe: The companions , p. 76 ff. C) Travel: Flashing fire in night and fog , p. 11; Closer to Home , p. 89; 92; 95; The companions , p. 16; 106 ff .; 137; 139; 155 ff .; 163 ff .; 175 ff .; 229; 232 ff .; 267-322. d) Mountain hikes: Closer to Home , p. 39 ff .; 112 f .; 163 f. At the celebration of the Golden Confirmation in Garding in 1948, Juhl's classmates told about their often so limited, narrow life. Juhl: "And an invisible hand, incomprehensible, had led me ... from 'Enge' (a humorous allusion to Juhl's birthplace Enge ) into 'Weite'." ( The companions ... , p. 16)
53. ↑ http://www.kirchenrecht-nordkirche.de/kabl/36361.pdf
54. ↑ Reprinted in: Karl Ludwig Kohlwage , Manfred Kamper, Jens-Hinrich Pörksen (eds.): “You will be my witnesses!” Voices for the preservation of a confessional church in urgent times. The Breklumer Hefte of the ev.-luth. Confessional community in Schleswig-Holstein from 1935 to 1941. Sources on the history of the church struggle in Schleswig-Holstein. Compiled and edited by Peter Godzik , Husum: Matthiesen Verlag 2018, p. 93 ff.
55. ↑ The claim made in an earlier version of this article on September 29, 2012 that these youth devotions appeared in 1933 and were " compatible with the prevailing ideology in the Third Reich " (similar to the Internet encyclopedia Jugend! Deutschland 1914–1945: online on jugend1918 -1945.de ), in addition to the actual year of publication, fails to recognize its basic Christian character and is a malicious slander. See the review by Heinrich Spanuth (online at zs.thulb.uni-jena.de) .