1 he regiment de cuirassiers

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Régiment Colonel-Général Cavalerie
1st he régiment de cuirassiers

Insigne régimentaire du 1st Regiment de Cuirassiers.jpg

Internal association badge
active October 26, 1635 to 1999
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service cavalry
Type Cuirassier Regiment
Location Sankt Wendel
Nickname Le Régiment de fer (The Iron Regiment)
Patron saint Maurice d'Agaune
motto Certum monstrat iter
(Il montre le droit chemin)
commander
commander Last: Pougin de La Maisonneuve

The one he régiment de cuirassiers was a cavalry regiment, later a tank regiment of the French army.

Lineup and renaming

The regiment was set up during the Thirty Years War after the conclusion of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye by Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar in his capacity as an ally of Sweden in the fight against the Kaiser in Vienna.

  • 1635  : In service of the royal army under the name of the commander Colonel Trefsky as: "Régiment de Trefsky-cavalerie".
  • On October 17, 1641 : renamed: "Régiment de Flechstein-cavalerie"
  • 1649  : Renamed to: "Régiment de Nimitz-cavalerie"
  • June 3, 1651  : Renaming to: "Turenne-cavalerie" after Maréchal de Turenne , the new regimental owner.
  • April 24, 1657  : Designation as Régiment Colonel-Général cavalerie in honor of its owner, the Maréchal de Turenne, who had become the Colonel-général de la cavalerie .
  • 1791  : Renamed to: 1 er régiment de cavalerie.
  • 1801  : Renamed to: 1 er régiment de cavalerie-cuirassiers .
  • 1803  : Renamed to: 1 er régiment de cuirassiers .
  • 1814  : Renamed to: Cuirassiers du Roi (in the course of the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy)
  • 1815  : Renamed to: 1 er régiment de cuirassiers (During the reign of the Hundred Days ).
  • 1815  : Renaming to: Cuirassiers de la Reine (in the course of the second restoration of the Bourbon monarchy)
  • 1830  : Renamed to: 1 er régiment de cuirassiers during the July monarchy .
  • 1919  : dissolution
  • 1940  : Reinstatement as: 1 er régiment de cuirassiers
  • 5 June 1999  : Fusion with the 11 e régiment de cuirassiers to one he -11 e régiment de cuirassiers .
  • 2010  : The 4 e regiment de dragons was dissolved and the 1 er -11 e régiment de cuirassiers took over its name. From then on it traded under the name "4 e régiment de dragons"

Uniforms of the 18th century

  • 1740

  • 1757

  • 1762

  • 1767

  • 1776

  • 1779

  • 1786

  • 1791

Royal standards

  • Life flag of the regiment holder

  • Ordinance flag up to 1770 (front)

  • Ordinance flag up to 1770 (back)

  • Ordinance flag after 1770 (front side)

  • Ordinance flag after 1770 (back)

With the reorganization of January 1, 1791, the regimental standards were initially abolished (until 1804) and replaced by escadron standards.

  • 1st Escadron 1791 to 1792

  • 2nd Escadron 1791 to 1792

  • 3rd Escadron 1791 to 1792

  • 4th Escadron 1791 to 1792

When the king was deposed in 1792, the lilies were covered by pieces of cloth.

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was the rank designation for the regimental owner and / or the actual commander. Should the Mestre de camp be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (e.g. the king or queen), the command was given to the Mestre de camp lieutenant (or Mestre de camp en second). The name Colonel was used from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, from 1793 to 1803 the name Chef de brigade was used . From 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Ancien Régime

  • October 25, 1635: Mestre de camp Trefski
  • October 17, 1641: Mestre de camp Flechstein
  • 1649: Mestre de camp Nimitz
  • June 3, 1651: Maréchal de France vicomte de Turenne
  • April 24, 1657: Mestre de camp en second marquis de Saint-Viance
  • January 19, 1666: Mestre de camp en second Jean Jacques, marquis de Renty
  • March 16, 1674: Mestre de camp en second de Musse
  • 1685: Mestre de camp en second de Quémadeuc
  • 1702: Mestre de camp en second Le Brun d'Inteville
  • 1711: Mestre de camp en second comte d'Elevemont
  • 1717: Mestre de camp en second comte de Biouli
  • September 1, 1730: Mestre de camp en second Léon François Legendre de Lormoy, comte d'Ons-en-Bray
  • September 10, 1744: Mestre de camp en second Jérôme Laurent d'Eon, marquis de Soisy
  • March 1, 1748: Mestre de camp en second Charles, comte d'Ourches
  • 1758: Mestre de camp en second Bon Guy Doublet, chevalier de Persan
  • April 13, 1761: Mestre de camp en second Anne Jacques Dubois, marquis de la Rochette
  • July 19, 1763: Mestre de camp en second Jean-François Drouhin d'Arquerie, vicomte de Lhuys
  • April 20, 1768: Mestre de camp en second Joseph Moulins Brunet, marquis d'Évry
  • April 13, 1780: Mestre de camp en second Louis-Zacharie, marquis de Vassan
  • May 7, 1785: Mestre de camp en second Charles Louis David Lepelletier d'Aunay, comte de Rosambo

Revolution and First Empire

1812 to 1814
1812 to 1814
  • July 25, 1791: Colonel Stanislas de Clermont-Tonnerre
  • February 5, 1792: Colonel Jacques-Antoine Deschamps de la Varenne
  • March 9, 1793: Chef de brigade Claude Louis Doncourt
  • November 1, 1793: Chef de brigade Jean Maillard
  • February 14, 1795: Chef de brigade Jaques Severac
  • January 15, 1797: Chef de brigade Jean Juignet
  • December 3, 1799: Chef de brigade Pierre Margaron
  • August 31, 1803: Colonel Marie-Adrien-François Guiton
  • April 1, 1807: Colonel Baron de Berckheim
  • July 16, 1809: Colonel Antoine-Marguerite Baron Clerc

restoration

  • May 11, 1814: Mestre de camp Philippe-Christophe Baron de la Mothe Guery

Reign of the Hundred Days

Second restoration

  • 1816: Colonel Comte de Béthune
  • 1820: Colonel Baron de la Tour-Foissac
  • 1825: Colonel de Sainte-Marie

The position was filled in 1820

  • Lieutenant-colonel: Jean-Pierre chevalier de Ghelers (Colonel was the Queen)
  • Chef d'escadron :
    • Jean-Louis-Prudent Berger
    • Comte Gaston de Latour
  • Major: Claude Millot
  • Capitaine adjudant major:
    • Alphonse d'Escrivieux
    • Pierre Escars
  • Capitaine-trésorier (purser officer): Isidore-Toussaint Tempié
  • Capitaine-d'habillement (Clothing Officer): François Mercier
  • Lieutenant porte-étendard (standard bearer officer): Augustin Duplessis
  • Aumônier (regimental chaplain): Abbé Mercier
  • Surgery major (regimental doctor): Jean-Pierre Sicard
    • Surgery aide-major (regimental medical assistant): Charles-Joseph Bastide
  • Capitaines (captains): Eugène Lefebvre, De Lahoussaye, De Castéja, De Régis, Anne de Caradeuc, Alexandre de Toulongeon, Le Bouteiller et Louis Chandennier
  • Lieutenants: Charles De Couryol, Félix d'Haucourt, Henri de Rony, Boudin de Vesvres, de Quiqueran, Solare de Lafontaine, Louis Johanne de Sauméry et Félix d'Estremont
  • Sous-Lieutenants (lieutenants): Vincent Leblond, De Senarmont, Philippe Dufay, Eugène de Beaupré, Hippolyte Gérard, Ambroise Badoulleau, Louis-Joseph de Facieu, Adolphe de Maissemy, Charles Grognet, Louis de Marcellus, Alexandre de Merlemont, Jacques Martin, Alphonse de Boubers, Jean-Félix Lentz, Marin, François-Joseph Steib

July Monarchy

  • 1830 - 1831: Maréchal de Camp Comte Ordener
  • 1831 - 1839: Maréchal de Camp Fauvart-Bastoul
  • 1839 - 1841: Maréchal de Camp Guillaume Stanislas Marey-Monge
  • 1841 - 1843: Maréchal de Camp de Franquetot duc de Coigny
  • 1843: Colonel Reyau

Second French Republic

  • 1848: Colonel O'Riordan

Second empire

  • 1851  : Colonel de Cambiaire
  • 1857  : Colonel du Barail
  • 1860  : Colonel de Blanchaud;
  • 1864  : Colonel Pelletier;
  • August 13, 1865 - August 25, 1870: Colonel Leforestier de Vendeuvre

Third French Republic

  • 1871: Colonel de Renusson d'Hauteville
  • 1878: Colonel Thomas de Dancourt
  • 1879: Colonel Lenfumé de Lignières
  • 1879: Colonel Salvage de Clavières
  • 1883: Colonel Dulac
  • 1890: Colonel de Cléric
  • 1891: Colonel Belbèze
  • 1896: Colonel Bougon
  • 1900: Colonel Dupuy
  • January 23, 1912 - February 8, 1915: Colonel Lasson
  • 1915: Colonel Gillois
  • September 11 - September 17, 1916: Colonel Destremeau
  • 1917: Colonel Viry
  • 1919: Disbanded

Vichy regime

  • 1940: Colonel Henri de Vernejoul
  • 1940: Colonel du Chouchet
  • October 1943 - May 1944: Colonel de Gonfreville
  • 1944: Colonel Henri Pernot du Breuil
  • 1945: Colonel Léridon

Fourth French Republic

  • 1946: Gardy
  • 1948: Lejeune
  • 1950: Mondain
  • 1951: Balade
  • 1953: de Bourdoncle de Saint-Salvy
  • 1955: Boussion

Fifth French Republic

  • 1957: de Bort
  • 1959: de Froment
  • 1961: Boully
  • 1963: Fantou
  • 1964: Bœuf
  • 1966: Loizillon
  • 1968: de Courtivron
  • 1970: Lecornu
  • 1972: Chaufour
  • 1974: de Roquefeuil (Jean-Melchior)
  • 1976: Pons
  • 1978: Boquet
  • 1980: Philippe Morillon
  • 1982: Curé
  • 1984: Ivanovsky
  • 1986: Morane
  • 1988: de Vanssay
  • 1990: t'Kint de Roodenbeke (Bruno)
  • 1992: Flichy
  • 1994: Néron Bancel
  • 1996: Delaunay
  • 1998: Olivier Pougin de La Maisonneuve

Garrisons and operational history

In the Armée de Saxe-Cobourg

As Trefsky Cavalry

As a Flechstein Cavalerie

As Colonel-Général cavalerie

1741–1742: in Bohemia
May 11, 1745: Battle of Fontenoy
1747: Battle of Lauffeldt

Revolution and First Empire

1 he regiment de cavalerie

Italian campaign

1 he regiment de cuirassiers

Battle of the Berezina ,
Capture of Moscow
Battle of Tarutino .
  • 1813:
    • Campaign in Germany
Battle of the Katzbach ,
Battle of the Nations near Leipzig
Battle of Hanau ,
Defense of Hamburg .
  • 1814 :
    • Campaign in France
La Chaussée,
Battle of Vauchamps ,
Battle of Bar-sur-Aube ,
Sézanne ,
Valcourt.
  • 1815:
    • Campaign in Belgium
Battle of Ligny ,
Battle at Genappe ,
Battle of Waterloo .

Fallen or wounded commanders of the regiment

  • Chef de brigade Margaron: wounded August 14, 1799
  • Colonel Clerc: wounded October 30, 1813 and March 30, 1814
  • Colonel Ordener: Wounded June 18, 1815

Fallen or wounded officers of the regiment (1805–1815):

  • Fallen officers: 50
  • Officers who died from their wounds: 4
  • Wounded officers: 86

1815-1852

Second empire

1870: Battle of Wörth and Battle of Sedan
1871: Battle of Coulmiers

First World War

  • from July 31 to August 3, 1914, the regiment was retained in Paris to maintain order.
  • September 1914: The regiment was part of the "2 e brigade de cuirassiers" (2nd cuirassier brigade) in the "1 re division de cavalerie à pied" (1st cavalry division on foot). This belonged to the "VI e Armée"
  • 1914: fighting on the Ourcq
  • 1915–1917: Trench warfare in Champagne
  • 1918: Fights in Picardy , Battle of the Aisne , Fights in Champagne

A "Bataillon de Cuirassiers à pied" (battalion of cuirassiers on foot) was set up from the staff of the 1st and 2nd cuirassiers.

Second World War

  • On January 1, 1940, the regiment was set up again, equipped as a tank unit and assigned to the "3 e division légère mécanique" (3rd light mechanized division). It fought in Belgium in the battle for Hannut , then in the battle for Dunkirk and on the Loire

After the armistice, the regiment was not dissolved, but remained in the Association of the Army of Vichy France .

After the invasion of Karlsruhe on April 4, 1945, the “1 er régiment de cuirassiers” fought the German resistance on the eastern edge of the Black Forest and conquered a large number of communities in the Pforzheim area . It pushed hard for the German defense and thus prevented a reorganization and refreshment of the remaining German forces in this area. On April 21, 1945, after heavy fighting, it was able to enter Stuttgart and on April 29, it reached the former Austrian border. On May 1, 1945, the regiment marched into Bregenz .

1945 until the dissolution

Inscriptions on the last standard carried

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

1st regiment de cuirassiers - drapeau.svg

The standard is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with a palm branch for a special mention in the army command and a gold star for a special mention in the corps command. Furthermore, the Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with three palm branches for honorable mentions in daily orders of the army is performed on the standard.

Awards for individual soldiers of the regiment

Honor weapons (awards from the revolutionary era)

  • Jean Brucker, Maréchal des logis  : Carabine d'honneur (honorary carabiner)
  • François Chapuy, Sapeur  : Carabine d'honneur (Honorary Carabiner)
  • Manuel Chardin, Maréchal des logis: Saber d'honneur (saber of honor)
  • Jean-Baptiste Chevalier, Maréchal des logis: Saber d'honneur
  • Antoine Dessaignes, Adjudant-sous-Officier  : Saber d'honneur
  • Guillaume Dogon, Cuirassier: Mousqueton d'honneur (honor musket)
  • Philippe Lahtrec, Maréchal des logis: Mousqueton d'honneur
  • Jean-Nicolas Varocaux, Maréchal des logis: Carabine d'honneur (honorary carabiner)

Motto

Certum monstrat iter
(It shows the right way)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  2. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  3. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time

literature

  • Historiques des regiments de l´Armée française. 1st Regiment de Cuirassiers , Librairie Militaire de J. Dumaine, 1846
  • Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer - Depuis novembre 1737, jusqu'en décembre 1738 , Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris 1739
  • État militaire de France pour l'année 1762 , by MM. Montandre-Longchamps, chevalier de Montandre, et de Roussel, cinquième édition, chez Guyllin, Paris 1762
  • Chronique historique-militaire , Pinard, tomes 2, 4, 5 et 7, Paris 1760, 1761, 1762 et 1764
  • Louis Susane "HISTOIRE DE LA CAVALERIE FRANÇAISE - RÉGIMENT DU DAUPHIN" J. Hetzel et Cie - Paris 1874
  • Brochure de Musée des Blindés ou Association des Amis du Musée des Blindés 1043, route de Fontevraud, 49400 Saumur.
  • Général de brigade Philippe Peress 31, rue Hoche 49400 Saumur.
  • Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historique de l'arme blindée et de la cavalerie . Eurimprin, Paris 1968.

Web links