Ferdinand Freiligrath

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Ferdinand Freiligrath , painted by Johann Peter Hasenclever .

Freiligrath's signature:Signature Ferdinand Freiligrath (cropped) .jpg
Freiligrath's birthplace in Detmold
Soest, Freiligrath's place of residence 1825–1832
Freiligrath's house in Unkel, 1839/40
Hotel Krone Assmannshausen with the Freiligrath bust. The Freiligrath Museum is also housed in this part of the building.
"Alter Hasen" tavern in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt (new building after war destruction), in which Freiligrath died.

Hermann Ferdinand Freiligrath [ ˈfraɪlɪkˌraːt, ˈfraɪlɪç- ] (born June 17, 1810 in Detmold in the Principality of Lippe , † March 18, 1876 in Cannstatt in the Kingdom of Württemberg ) was a German poet and translator .

Life

Ferdinand Freiligrath was born as the eldest child of the teacher Johann Wilhelm Freiligrath (* 1784 in Kettwig , † 1825 in Soest ) and by Anna Luise Wilhelmine, née. Tops (* 1783 in Mülheim an der Ruhr , † 1817 in Detmold) was born at Wehmstrasse 5 in Detmold. From 1820 to 1825 he attended the Detmold high school . His teacher Christian Friedrich Falkmann and the director Christian Gottlieb Clostermeier particularly encouraged his poetic attempts. From 1825 to 1832 he learned the trade of a businessman in the shop of the Schwollmann brothers, brothers of his stepmother, in Soest . Freiligrath's first poems were published in the “Soester Wochenblatt” in 1828 (“The great pond of Soest”, “Death's Lullaby”, “Eagle and Key” and others). He enthusiastically paid homage to "the most beautiful residents of Soest". In 1832 he took over a correspondent position for the Jacob Sigrist company in Amsterdam , which operated a bills of exchange and wholesaling company. From May 1837 to 1839 he worked as a clerk in the company JP von Eynern in Barmen and lived there at Zähringerstraße 4 . At the same time he got engaged to Karoline Schwollmann, 10 years his senior, the sister of his stepmother.

In September 1839 , his life as a freelance writer began in Unkel am Rhein, where the Freiligrathhaus still reminds us of this creative period . Together with Karl Simrock and Christian Joseph Matzerath , Freiligrath published the work Rheinisches Jahrbuch für Kunst und Poesie (a second volume appeared in 1840). With his friend Levin Schücking , who also made use of contributions made available to him by Annette von Droste-Hülshoff , he published The Picturesque and Romantic Westphalia in 1840 . This work is to be seen in connection with a strong current of the times. The landscape and region were discovered as a political district and new literary territory, which aroused interest in fairy tales, legends and literary folk art.

1840 Freiligrath engaged in north Thuringian Großmonra with Ida Melos (1817-1899), daughter of the local school professor and book author Johann Gottfried Melos . He stayed in Thuringia for several months, mostly in Weimar . After marrying on May 20, 1841 in Großneuhausen , he settled with his wife in Darmstadt and, on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt, received a pension of 300 thalers from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1842. In the same year the Freiligraths moved to St. Goar . The marriage had five children: Käthe Freiligrath , married. Kroeker (1845–1904), Wolfgang Freiligrath (1847–1936), Luise Freiligrath , m. Wins (1849 - approx. 1938), Otto Freiligrath (1850–1873) and Georg Percy Freiligrath (1852–1891).

On May 14, 1842, Freiligrath became a Freemason ; his lodge at the rebuilt Temple of Brotherly Love was located in Worms . Correspondence with his brothers shows that he was critical of the apolitical stance of Freemasonry.

In 1844 Freiligrath left St. Goar; In Assmannshausen (in the Gasthof Zur Krone ) he completed his collection of political poems A Creed . The book was published by Philipp von Zabern in Mainz in September 1844 and established Freiligrath's reputation as a political poet. For reasons of political opposition, he renounced his pension in 1844 and possible employment at the court of Weimar. Because of the danger of police persecution, he left Germany and moved to Brussels in 1845 , where he lived in a hotel with Karl Heinzen . Karl Marx and Heinrich Bürgers visited him there for ten days.

In the same year he moved to Switzerland and settled with his wife and their sister Marie Melos (1820–1888) on the Meienberg above Rapperswil on Lake Zurich . There he made the acquaintance of Gottfried Keller , who fell unhappily in love with Marie Melos. In Switzerland, Freiligrath also met Franz Liszt . In 1846 he published the volume of poetry Ça ira! , which expresses that the time for a revolution in Germany is ripe. Then he went to London for financial reasons , where he worked as a correspondent for a trading house and later as a lecturer at London University.

He was on his way to America when the 1848 revolution broke out in Germany , which he greeted with the poems February Sounds and The Revolution (1849). He went to Düsseldorf , where he had friends, including Theodor Eichmann, Heinrich Koester and Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter , lived in the house of the painter Henry Ritter and took an active part in the revolution. In June 1848 he attended the first Democrats' Congress in Frankfurt am Main . In the same month, at the invitation of Andreas Gottschalk , he was a guest at the Cologne workers' association , where he read his poem “ Despite everything !”.

On August 1, 1848, Freiligrath performed his poem " Die Todten an die Lebenden " in the Volksklub , a recently founded, politically left-wing association in Düsseldorf, to which he belonged and served as a cashier . After the poem had met with approval there, and had been printed, sold and distributed in an edition of 9,000 copies, Freiligrath was arrested at the end of August on the initiative of Düsseldorf's chief procurator Karl Schnaase and charged with “inciting treasonous undertakings”. On October 3, 1848, an assistant court in Düsseldorf heard the trial. It ended in an acquittal by the jury and a pageant of the population. According to the police, 15,000 people were on their feet, including Karl Marx.

On October 12, 1848, Freiligrath joined the editorial team of the Neue Rheinische Zeitung of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and was responsible for the foreign editorial office . He wrote to his mother-in-law Wilhelmine Melos on November 18, 1848: “Besides the poems, these also contain prose articles by me. Great Britain, Italy and America, all other countries (with the exception of France) are almost always from my pen. ”In this newspaper he published his well-known poems“ Vienna ”,“ Blum ”,“ Reveille ”,“ Hungary ”and“ Farewell Word of the ' Neue Rheinische Zeitung '”.

Freiligrath should also be charged in the Cologne communist trial. He traveled to Amsterdam ( Holland ) to get hold of 1,000 thalers, which an "unknown lady from Rheda" had sent for the Neue Rheinische Zeitung , but was now demanding back. Freiligrath returned to Germany in 1850 because his stay in Amsterdam was not tolerated. From May 1850 he lived in Düsseldorf-Bilk . In the same year he was accepted into the Düsseldorf artists' association Malkasten , whereupon Wilhelm von Schadow , director of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , resigned.

Because Freiligrath expected reprisals for critical publications, he soon emigrated to London. In response to a profile dated August 14, 1851 from Cologne chief procurator August Heinrich von Seckendorff for participating in “a plot to overthrow the state government”, Freiligrath replied in the Kölnische Zeitung that he had not escaped abroad, but “with a regular passport for At home and abroad left Prussia for a year ”.

From May 1851 he lived in London again. In June 1851 he was employed as a clerk at Joseph Oxford , who dealt with East Indian scarves . In June 1856 he was hired by James Fazy as head of the London agency of the General Bank of Switzerland (Crédit Foncier). In November 1858 he took the English citizenship. The Prussian amnesty of 1861 and 1866 excluded Freiligrath because he was still being prosecuted and only a pardon would have granted him impunity. But he wasn't ready for that. After the bank branch was closed at the end of 1865, he was unemployed again. In April 1867, Emil Rittershaus called on some of his Barmer friends to collect donations that brought in almost 60,000 thalers, and he was able to return to Germany in 1868. Since he was not amnestied in Prussia, he settled in Cannstatt near Stuttgart in 1874 .

Already after the failed revolution, Freiligrath's enthusiasm for revolution, class struggle and the proletariat flattened. In his late work he joined the national wave of enthusiasm and greeted with national, patriotic poems like Hurra, Germania! the war against France and the establishment of an empire in 1871.

Freiligrath also worked as a translator, u. a. of works by Robert Burns , Victor Hugo , Alfred de Musset . Above all, his political commitment and idealistic drive against the conditions of his time that were perceived as unjust are of lasting importance.

Freiligrath died of heart failure on March 18, 1876 in Cannstatt in the "Alter Hase" inn . He was buried in the Uff churchyard in Cannstatt.

Ferdinand Freiligrath's estate is in the Goethe and Schiller Archive in Weimar , further materials are in the manuscript department of the Dortmund City and State Library , the International Institute for Social History , Amsterdam and the literature archive of the Lippische Landesbibliothek Detmold. The Lippische Landesbibliothek Detmold looks after Freiligrath's literary legacy, acquires antiquarian autographs and creates a Freiligrath bibliography.

From Spain 1841

In November 1841 published Freiligrath in the morning paper for educated readers his poem from Spain that the lines

The poet stands on a higher vantage point than
on the battlements of the party.

contained. This was seen as an attack on the democratic forces of the time. Gottfried Keller , Rudolf Gottschall , Robert Blum and Georg Herwegh answered him. Herwegh's poem "To Ferdinand Freiligrath", which appeared in the Rheinische Zeitung on February 27, 1842, contained the verses:

Political party! Political party! Who shouldn't take her,
Which was the mother of all victories!
How can a poet ostracize such a word,
A word that gave birth to all glory?
[...]
Just as open as a man: for or against?
And the slogan: slave or free?
Even gods descended from Olympus
And fought on the battlements of the party!
[...]
Take sides for your people's future !

This impressed Freiligrath.

Emanuel Geibel , who like Freiligrath also received a royal pension at that time, claimed:

Are you clearly aware of yourself
that your songs are ringing in an uproar?
That everyone in his breast
may interpret the worst from them.

“It is astonishing how this dispute finally made Freiligrath take sides. But it also shows that he was still completely in the dark on political and philosophical questions. This debate certainly sharpened his eye for the burning questions of the time. Ultimately, he took the side of Herwegh, as he confesses in the preface to the creed: '... and the worst thing that you (his critics) have to reproach me with, may ultimately be limited to one thing, that I am now from the higher Wait for the battlements of the party to come down. '"

Late work

After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/1871 , Freiligrath increasingly criticized society. As an example, a poem he called The Trumpet of Vionville and which referred to the bloody battle of Mars-la-Tour . In this poem he expresses himself distant about the victory and laments the dead:

They have spewed death and ruin:
We didn't suffer.
Two columns of foot soldiers, two batteries,
we rode them down.
Swung the sabers, hung the bridles,
low the lances and high the flags,
so we have blown them together,
We cuirassiers and Uhlans.

The poem begins as a heroic epic, but then turns into a criticism of the blood toll :

But it was a blood-kick, a death-kick;
they gave way to our blows,
but of two regiments, what rode and what fought,
our second husband stayed.
Shot through the chest, gaping forehead,
so they lay pale on the lawn,
in the strength, in the youth carried away,
well, trumpeter, blown to collect!
And he took the trumpet and breathed into it;
there, - the courageous with blaring anger
led us into the glorious battle,
the trumpet lost its voice.
Just a soundless whimper, a scream full of pain
gushed from the metal mouth;
a ball had perforated her ore,
the wound complained for the dead!
To the brave, the loyal, the watch on the Rhine,
about the brothers who fell today,
about them all, it went through our marrow and bone,
she raised a broken babble.
And now the night came, and we rode along
the watch-fires were all around;
the horses snorted, the rain ran down -
and we thought of the dead, of the dead!

In the last stanza, the poem becomes a lament , which is finally manifested through the repetition of the memory of the dead .

Monuments

  • Freiligrath monument
    in Rolandswerth

  • Freiligrath memorial plaque
    in Rolandswerth

  • Freiligrath's grave monument
    in the Uff churchyard
    in Bad Cannstatt

  • As a thank you for his appeal in the Kölnische Zeitung to rebuild the Rolandsbogen , which collapsed in 1839, friends and admirers erect him an outdated monument in Rolandswerth in 1914 on the footpath to the Rolandsbogen , to which the London-based sculptor Siegfried M. Wiens, a grandson of Freiligrath , who created and donated the bronze bust. According to the inscription on the back of the rear wall, the bust monument was completed on June 17, 1914.
  • After his death in 1876, Ferdinand Freiligrath was buried in the Uff churchyard in Cannstatt . The sculptor Adolf von Donndorf was commissioned to create a worthy grave monument for the poet. The result was a colossal bust - cast in bronze by Howaldt - erected on a plinth made of reddish-brown granite in front of a round arch in relief in noble Renaissance forms , which crowns a lyre wrapped in laurel . The memorial, which according to the inscription was erected by the German people , was built in 1878.
  • In Großmonra in Thuringia there is a small boulder with a plaque reminding of the engagement of the poet to Ida Melos there. It was originally on a house wall.

See also

Works

Title page of the first edition

Work editions

literature

  • Stenographic report of the trial against the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, accused of inciting highly treasonable undertakings through the poem: Die Todten an die Leben, negotiated in front of the Assisenhof in Düsseldorf on October 3, 1848, as well as a detailed revision for the first time. Biography of the poet . Buddeus, Düsseldorf 1848. (digitized version)
  • First political trial before the jury. The poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, accused, through his poem: "The dead to the living"; to have excited the citizens ... After the Assisenverhdlgen that took place in Düsseldorf on October 3, 1848, detailed. communicated by JKH together with appendix… Trial against Jul. Wulff Schaub, Düsseldorf 1848 (digitized version)
  • Wermuth , Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century . Second part. AW Hayn, Berlin 1854, p. 48 (digitized version)
  • Franz Steger (Ed.) Supplementary Conversation Lexicon . Fifth volume, No. 239, third issue. O. Fr. Goedsche, Leipzig and Meißen 1850, pp. 481–485 (digitized version )
  • Ferdinand Freiligrath . In: Ignaz Hub : The German poets of the modern age. Selection from the sources. With biographical and literary introductions . Palm, Munich 1852, pp. 707–708 (digitized version )
  • Ferdinand Freiligrath. With portrait. Ernst Balde, Cassel 1852 (digitized version)
  • Berthold Auerbach : Speech on Ferdinand, Freiligrath held on September 7, 1867 in Darmstadt. The full proceeds to Boston of National Thanks for Freiligrath . Eduard Zernin, Darmstadt 1867
  • August Kippenberg : Ferdinand Freiligrath. To the understanding of the poet and as an accompaniment to his works . Heinrich Mattes, Leipzig 1868 (digitized version)
  • Christian Schad , Ignaz Hub (ed.): German poet gifts. Album for Ferdinand Freiligrath. A collection of previously unprinted poems by the most famous German poets. With a steel engraved portrait of Ferdinand Freiligrath. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1868 (digitized version)
  • Gisberte Freiligrath: Contributions to the biography of Ferdinand Freiligrath . Bruns, Minden IW 1869 (digitized version)
  • Moriz Carrière :  Freiligrath, Ferdinand . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, pp. 343-347.
  • Eduard Schmidt-Weißenfels: Ferdinand Freiligrath. 2nd Edition. Minden 1877 (digitized version)
  • Directory of the library left behind by Ferdinand Freiligrath, particularly rich in German and English classical literature, which was published on Tuesday June 18, 1878 and on the following days ... by Oskar Gerschel's Antiquariats-Buchhandlung (Stuttgart, Schloss-Strasse 37) in Cannstatt in the The poet's apartment ... is being auctioned by Oskar Gerschel's antiquarian bookstore. Stuttgart 1878 (digitized version)
  • Wilhelm Buchner: Ferdinand Freiligrath - A poet's life in letters . Moritz Schauenburg, Lahr 1882.
  • Kurt Richter: Ferdinand Freiligrath as translator . Alexander Duncker, Berlin 1899 ( Research on the Modern History of Literature XI) (digitized version)
  • Franz Mehring : Ferdinand Freiligrath . In: The new time . Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 24.1905-1906, volume 1 (1906), issue 24, pp. 769-773 (digitized version )
  • Karl Korn: Ferdinand Freiligrath: born June 17, 1810 . In: The new time. Features section . 28.1909-1910, Volume 2 (1910), No. 28 of June 17, 1910, pp. 393–396 (digitized version )
  • Freiligrath letters . Edited by Luise Wiens born. Freiligrath. With three portraits. JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung Nachhaben, Stuttgart 1910.
  • Wilhelm Blos : The Freiligrath legend . In: The new time. Features section . 28.1909-1910, 1st vol. (1910), No. 27, pp. 904–908 (digitized version )
  • Franz Mehring: Freiligrath and Marx in their correspondence . Dietz, Stuttgart 1912. ( Supplement to Neue Zeit, issue 12)
  • Georgette Klein: Freiligrath - An appearance from the history of style . Zurich 1919. (Diss. Phil. Fac. I of the University of Zurich, 1919)
  • H. Reinhold: Freiligrath's development as a political poet . In: Germanic Studies . Issue 20, Berlin 1922
  • Herbert Eulenberg : Ferdinand Freiligrath. Construction Publishing House, Berlin 1948.
  • Erich Kittel (ed.): Ferdinand Freiligrath as a German poet from 48 and Westphalian. With a selection of his poems on the occasion of the 150th birthday. Wagener, Lemgo 1960
  • Maximilian Scheer , Alfred Kantorowicz : Freiligrath at the crossroads - letters, polemics, documents . Kantorowicz, Berlin 1948 (east and west row 1)
  • Rüdiger Frommholz:  Freiligrath, Hermann Ferdinand. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 397 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • B. Krylow: Ferdinand Freiligrath. In: Marx and Engels and the first proletarian revolutionaries. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1965, pp. 339-366.
  • Freiligrath's correspondence with Marx and Engels. Edited by Manfred Häckel, 2 parts, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968.
  • Manfred Häckel: Ferdinand Freiligrath. In: Karl Obermann : Men of the Revolution of 1848. Verlag das Europäische Buch, Westberlin 1970, ISBN 3-920303-46-6 , pp. 79-100. (2nd edition Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1988)
  • Manfred Häckel: Freiligrath, Ferdinand . In: History of the German labor movement. Biographical Lexicon . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 137-138.
  • Freiligrath, Ferdinand. In: Gero von Wilpert : Deutsches Dichterlexikon. Biographical-bibliographical dictionary on German literary history (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 288). 2nd, expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-520-28802-8 , pp. 197-198.
  • Ferdinand Freiligrath . In: Vormärz. Explanations on German literature . 10th edition. Volk und Wissen, Berlin 1977, pp. 235–243 and pp. 407–416.
  • Ferdinand Freiligrath. Manuscripts and prints of works and letters from the Freiligrath collection of the Lippische Landesbibliothek . Ed. Detlev Hellfaier, Detmold 1985 (selection and exhibition catalogs of the Lippische Landesbibliothek, issue 21)
  • Freiligrath, (Hermann) Ferdinand . In: Literature Lexicon. Authors and works in the German language ed. by Walther Killy . Volume 3, Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verlag, Gütersloh 1989, ISBN 3-570-04673-7 , pp. 526-528.
  • Freiligrath, Ferdinand . In: Kindlers New Literature Lexicon . Edited by Walter Jens . Volume 5. Kindler, Munich 1989, p. 797 ff.
  • Ernst Fleischhack: Freiligrath's poems in song and tone. Overview and bibliographic collection . Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 1990, ISBN 3-925670-33-5 .
  • Ernst Fleischhack: Bibliography Ferdinand Freiligrath . Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 1992 ( Bibliographies on German literary history 2) ISBN 3-925670-54-8 , digitized
  • Frank Swiderski, Manfred Asendorf: Freiligrath, Ferdinand . In: Democratic Ways. German résumés from five centuries . Edited by Manfred Asendorf and Rolf von Bockel. JB Metzler, Stuttgart, Weimar 1997, ISBN 3-476-01244-1 , pp. 184-186.
  • Dietmar Noering: The King and the Proletarian. Comments on Ferdinand Freiligrath's poem "From below up!" In: Critical edition. Journal for German Studies & Literature. 7th year, issue 2. Bonn 2003, pp. 15–17 (digitized version) (PDF; 88 kB)
  • Michael Vogt (Ed.): Career (s) of a poet: Ferdinand Freiligrath. Lectures of the colloquium on the occasion of the 200th birthday of the author on 17./18. September 2010 in the Lippische Landesbibliothek, Detmold , Vormärz-Studien Vol. 25, Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89528-894-4 .
  • Ahmad Zakarya: Reasons for fleeing - 16 illustrations for Die Todten an die Leben. by Ferdinand Freiligrath. epubli, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-8442-5781-6 .

Web links

Commons : Ferdinand Freiligrath  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Ferdinand Freiligrath  - Quotes
Wikisource: Ferdinand Freiligrath  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Freiligrath to Heinrich Brockhaus July 9, 1852. (Walter Heichen (Ed.): Freiligraths Werke in Five Books , p. 148 f.)
  2. ↑ During Freiligrath's stay in Barmer the street was called: "Kirchstraße". A memorial plaque from 1912 on this house was destroyed with the house in a bomb attack in 1943. ( Wuppertal street names. Their origin and meaning . Ed. Stadt Wuppertal. Thales Verlag, Essen Ruhr 2002, ISBN 3-88908-481-8 .)
  3. ↑ Gerald William Spink: Ferdinand Freiligsrath's exile years in London . Ebering, Berlin 1932, p. 8.
  4. ↑ Stenographic report of the trial against the poet Ferdinand Freiligrath, accused of inciting highly treasonable undertakings through the poem: Die Todten an die Leben, negotiated in front of the Assisenhof in Düsseldorf on October 3, 1848, as well as a detailed revision for the first time. Biography of the Poet , p. 14.
  5. ↑ Adolph Kohut : Masonic sketches in the past and present . Claudius Verlag Amamdus MF Martens, Wandsbek i. H. 1911, p. 123 ff.
  6. ^ Heinrich Bürgers: Memories of Ferdinand Freiligrath . In: Vossische Zeitung . No. 278 of November 26, 1876 and No. 284 of December 3, 1876.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Buchner: Ferdinand Freiligrath. A poet's life in letters . Volume II, Verlag Moritz Schauenburg, Lahr 1881, p. 211 ( digitized version )
  8. ↑ "Dr. Gottschalk: Gentlemen! The first poet of the German people, the singer of freedom, Ferdinand Freiligrath, has appeared here to show you his sympathy; welcome him with a loud life boom! (Loud repeated applause.) Gentlemen! You have known how to appreciate the event that the noble singer, on whom we all look with so just pride, shows his sympathy and sympathy for the fourth estate by openly joining it. It is a victory that leaves no doubt. Mr. Freiligrath will try to express his gratitude to you for your warm appreciation, at the same time as a sign of the most intimate connection to your endeavors by presenting you with the latest product of his muse. In spite of all! Variirt ". Newspaper of the Workers' Association in Cologne No. 8 of June 11, 1848.
  9. ↑ The Dead to the Living on Wikisource
  10. ↑ “Ferdinand Freiligrath is a new member. Karl Marx. Editor and head of the 'Neue Rheinische Zeitung' ”. ( Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 114 of October 12, 1848; Marx-Engels-Werke . Volume 5, p. 416.)
  11. ↑ Quoted from Manfred Häckel: Ferdinand Freiligrath . 1979, p. 91.
  12. ^ Prussian newspaper . Berlin, September 18, 1852. Quoted from Karl Bittel : The Communist Trial in Cologne 1852 in the mirror of the contemporary press . Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1955, p. 47.
  13. ↑ Freiligrath to Johanna Kinkel May 29, 1849. (Manfred Häckel: Freiligrath's correspondence with Marx and Engels . Part I, p. LVIII.)
  14. ↑ For this reason, the Bilk Heimatverein maintains an extensive Freiligrath library (primary and secondary). - Friends of home Bilk
  15. ^ Ekkehard Mai : The Düsseldorf Art Academy in the 19th Century - Cornelius, Schadow and the consequences . In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): Düsseldorf in the German intellectual history . Schwann-Bagel Verlag, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5 , p. 226
  16. ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung , Augsburg No. 306 of November 2, 1850, p. 4884.
  17. ↑ Walter Heichen (Ed.): Freiligrath's works in five books. P. 134.
  18. ^ Wilhelm Buchner: Ferdinand Freiligrath . Volume 2, p. 355 f.
  19. ^ To the German nation
  20. ^ Erwin Gustav Gudde: Freiligrath's development as a political poet . In: Germanic Studies . Issue 20, 1922.
  21. ↑ Gottfried Keller's poem "party life". "Who on the parties believes himself with proud faces / The is usually rather considerably among them."
  22. ^ Rudolf Gottschall's poem "Freiligrath". "Political party! Political party! There is no middle here. "
  23. ↑ Blum in his Leipzig pocket book Vorwärts 1843. "We despise those precocious, presumptuous old boys who are above the parties!"
  24. ↑ Freiligrath to Christian Joseph Matzerath March 1, 1842: "You will have read Herwegh's beautiful poem against me in Ruge’s broad sauce in the yearbooks - I am busy with the answer, and if, as I can see, I do not keep the field at least I consoled myself with the thought that with a single bold word I brought the debate further, or at least made it more popular than a hundred reviews could have ”. (Wilhelm Buchner: Ferdinand Freiligrath. Volume 1, p. 425.)
  25. ↑ Emanuel Geibel: To Georg Herwegh . February 1842. From: the same: Zeitstimmen
  26. ↑ 1 50 years of "A Creed" (Ferdinand Freiligrath) . Speech at the ceremony in the Hansenssaal at Rheinfels Castle / St. Goar on September 23, 1994 by Jürgen Helbach.
  27. ↑ Julius Wolff to Freiligrath November 22, 1871 .
  28. ↑ Gisberte Freiligrath (born March 19, 1826 in Detmold, † 6 November 1919 in Forest Hill-London). She was the youngest half-sister of Ferdinand Freiligrath.
personal data
SURNAME Freiligrath, Ferdinand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Freiligrath, Hermann Ferdinand (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lyric poet, poet and translator
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1810
PLACE OF BIRTH Detmold
DATE OF DEATH March 18, 1876
Place of death Cannstatt near Stuttgart