Hatzfeld (noble family)

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Hatzfeld or Hatzfeldt is the name of an old noble family from the upper Lahngau with the Hatzfeld parent company of the same name in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district ( Hesse ), which was first mentioned in 1138. From 1418 to 1806 the family ruled the imperial direct rule Wildenburg , which is why they are counted among the high nobility .

In 1635 the lines Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Weisweiler and Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Crottorf were raised to the hereditary imperial count or count status. The Hatzfeldt-Gleichen-Trachenberg line received the Prussian princely status in 1741 , followed since 1803 by the Hatzfeldt-Werther-Schönstein line (still in bloom), which in 1900 was elevated to " Duke of Trachenberg" in Primogenitur ; In the 19th century, the Hatzfeld-Wildenburg line was also prince (extinct in the male line in 1941).

Family coat of arms of those
of Hatzfeld (t)

history

Main line Hatzfeld

Hatzfeld Castle

In 1138/39 Folpertus de Hepisfelt et frater ejus were mentioned as followers of Landgrave Ludwig I of Thuringia in a document on ownership rights to an estate near Braubach . The family's property at that time probably consisted of a fortified courtyard in the area of ​​today's Hatzfeld cemetery. The associated Niederhatzfeld settlement no longer exists, but parts of its well-fortified parish church St. Cyriacus have been preserved in today's St. Emmaus church.

Gottfried von Hatzfeld († after 1196), probably a son of Folpert, testified in 1196 that goods were transferred to the Aulisburg monastery . The construction of Hatzfeld Castle on a mountain ledge on the other side of the Eder began at this time.

Gottfried († after 1227) and Folpert von Hatzfeld were named as witnesses in 1213. They were probably sons of Gottfried I. 1214–1215 Gottfried traveled in the entourage of Count Heinrich von Ziegenhain to the General Chapter of the Cistercians in Citeaux . He was married to Jutta von Itter , daughter of the noble free Konrad von Itter.

Kraft († 1301), son of Gottfried, inherited Hatzfeld Castle and married Jutta von Heimbach , with whom he had seven children.

Gottfried († 1331), Kraft's eldest son, married Gertrud Schenck zu Schweinsberg , with whom he had three sons. With his brother Kraft († 1332) he carried their common Hatzfeld Castle in 1311 to Landgrave Otto I of Hesse († 1328) as a fief . In 1340 Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian allowed the Lords of Hatzfeld to build a walled city under their castle . The Lords of Hatzfeld made a name for themselves as feared warriors in the disputes between the Hessian landgraves and the ore monastery of Mainz .

Kraft († 1387), son of Gottfried, concluded after his death in 1331 with his uncle Kraft and his brothers a contract on the division of the family castle in two halves for the respective descendants of the families.

Wiegand († 1423), son of Kraft II. Was able to reunite the inheritance in one hand, since his cousin Guntram joined the Order of St. John and his sister sold him her share. He was married to Sophie von Hörde . From their numerous descendants, Wiegand and Gottfried continued the line of the Hatzfeld family in Hesse.

Wiegand († 1445/49) initially inherited the castle and town of Hatzfeld and in 1429 granted its citizens special rights. He married Sophie von Gemen , but had no male offspring. Her daughter Margaretha married Johann III. by Hanxleden . His brothers Gottfried († 1476) and Johann († 1452) received 18 florins annually in 1438  for their castle fiefs on the Hohenstein and Rheinfels castles in Katzenelnbog .

Gottfried's sons Kraft († 1503) and Johann the Black († 1503) inherited Wiegand's share in the rule of Hatzfeld in 1445. Kraft married Usula von Löwenstein zu Löwenstein .

Engelbert († 1531), Kraft's son, worked from 1512 to 1516 as the sayn-Wittgenstein bailiff at Wittgenstein Castle above Laasphe . Before 1497 he married Agathe von Dersch , who brought a third of the castle and court of Fronhausen , south of Marburg , into the marriage as a dowry . Her son Georg († 1558) finally succeeded in acquiring the Schweinsbergisch-Löwensteinischen shares of Fronhausen in 1539. With his wife Katharina he had four sons, all of whom died childless. With the death of Georg's son Johann on June 15, 1575, the Hessian branch of the Hatzfeldt family went out, and half of the property in Upper Hesse was confiscated as a settled fiefdom from Landgrave Ludwig IV .

Hatzfeld-Wildenburg

The coat of arms of the Counts of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg above the main entrance of Kalkum Castle

The Von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg line goes back to the aforementioned sixth son Kraft von Hatzfeld and Jutta von Itters, who was also called Kraft and died in 1331. His eldest son Johann († 1360) married Margaretha von Biedenfeld .

Their eldest son was again called Johann († after 1407). In his second marriage he married Jutta von Wildenburg , heiress of the Wildenburger Land with the Wildenburg . Since this territory was imperial , the family belonged to the ruling high nobility ever since .

Their son Gottfried, called "der Rauhe", († after 1422) married Lukarde von Effertzhausen and had nine children with her. Her son Johann († 1476) married Katharina von Drachenfels . His brother Johann V. († 1482) married Regina von Nesselrode in his first marriage and Dorothea von Attendorn in his second marriage. He was Marshal of Westphalia from 1458 to 1461 .

Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Weisweiler

The older son of Johann von Hatzfeld († 1505) and Maria von Nesselrodes was also called Johann († 1522). He married Johanna von Harff in 1509 and through her came into possession of Weisweiler Castle . Since then this branch of the family has been called "Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Weisweiler". Their son Werner († after 1572) married Margaretha Torck .

Their son Wilhelm († 1623) married Johanna von Brempt .

Their son Johann Heinrich Wilhelm (1591–1627) married Johanna Adolfine von Cortenbach .

Their son Wilhelm Heinrich († 1655) married Maria von Velbrück . It was on May 27, 1635 Vienna into the imperial counts charged, was cup-bearer in the Bohemia Kingdom and settled address with "high and Honor, Count of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Weissweiler". Their son Adolf Alexander (1644–1721) married Anna Maria Amelia Barbara, baroness of Palant (1650–1726) and in 1682 came through her to the Palant family .

Their son Edmund Florenz Cornelius, (1674–1757) married Isabella Johanna Maria Anna von Winkelhausen (1681–1762) and acquired the Kalkum Palace near Düsseldorf and the knightly seats of Groß-Winkelhausen , Remberg and Morp through their marriage .

In 1769, the heirs sold Weisweiler Castle and the Palant House to the Jülich sovereign, Elector Karl Theodor .

In 1946, the heiress, Princess Marie von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg, sold Kalkum Palace and Park to the State of North Rhine-Westphalia .

Hatzfeld-Werther

Hermann von Hatzfeld († 1539), a younger son of Johann von Hatzfeld († 1505) and Maria von Nesselrodes, married Anna Droste von Schweckhausen for the second time in 1523 and thus came into the possession of the Werther estate near Bielefeld in 1526 . The couple had eight children, including the canons Sebastian , Heinrich and Wilhelm . The family kept Werther until 1804.

Hatzfeld-Merten

Franz von Hatzfeld († 1555), another son of Johann von Hatzfeld († 1505) and Maria von Nesselrode , married Elisabeth von Wylich for the second time in 1541 . He came into the sole ownership of Merten Castle in the Blankenberg office and became the founder of the Hatzfeld-Merten line, which died out in 1681 with Daniel von Hatzfeld in the male line.

Hatzfeld-Schönstein

Hermann von Hatzfeld († 1600), one of the seven sons of Hermann and Anna Droste von Schweckhausen, was Drost zu Balve and in 1589 received parts of the parish of Wissen (the office of Schönstein ) zu fiefdom from the Archbishopric of Cologne and Schönstein Castle as his own property as a tribute to him Merits in the Truchsessian War . He had the castle renewed in the following years for around 16,000 guilders. It is still in the family ownership of the Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Dönhoff line.

Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Crottorf (Hatzfeld-Gleichen-Trachenberg)

The fourth son of Gottfried († before 1422) and Lukarde von Effertshausen was also named Gottfried. He married Jutta Wais von Fauerbach and died in 1469. Her son Georg († 1523) married Anna von Steinenbach , with whom he had 14 children.

Their son Friedrich Gottfried († 1531) married Margareta von Schlitz, called von Görtz .

Their son Wilhelm († 1570) married Katharina von Selbach called Lohe, heiress of the Crottorf Castle and thus founded the Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Crottorf house.

Their son Sebastian († 1630) was the Electorate of Mainz, chief magistrate and district judge of the Eichsfeld in Heiligenstadt . He had Crottorf Castle expanded into a three-wing complex between 1605 and 1622. He married Lucia zu Sickingen , with whom he had six children, including the future general Melchior von Hatzfeld , the later Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg, Franz von Hatzfeld , and the later Count zu Gleichen and Trachenberg, Hermann von Hatzfeld. After Sebastian's death, his son Melchior followed him as owner of Crottorf, who enormously expanded the family property during the Thirty Years' War.

Count Melchior von Hatzfeldt (1593–1658), general in the Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War brought the family some advantages: In 1635 Melchior von Hatzfeldt, Lord of Crottorf , who served under Wallenstein , was raised to the rank of Count and enfeoffed with the castle and the rule of Gleichen including the village of Wandersleben in Thuringia, which after the counts of Gleichen died out the ore monastery of Mainz had fallen back. He now called himself Graf von Gleichen and Hatzfeldt . In Thuringia he also acquired the Lordship of Blankenhain and Nieder-Cranichfeld as well as the court in Hochheim near Erfurt . In 1641 the lordship of Trachenberg , today's Żmigród in Silesia (in the family until 1945) followed. After the Frankish von Rosenberg family died out , Brandenburg-Ansbach enfeoffed the field marshal with the rulership of Rosenberg , the city of Niederstetten with the Schloss Haltebergstetten (1641–1794 in the Hatzfeld family), the village of Waldenhofen and Waldmannshofen Castle (1641–1886 in the family) , which he expanded into a renaissance castle with baroque elements.

After Melchior died in 1658 with no descendants, his brother Hermann (1603–1673) inherited the titles and the lordships, who took up residence at Holdbergstetten Castle in Middle Franconia. He was married to Maria Katharina Kämmerer von Worms called von Dalberg and had nine children with her.

His successor was their son Heinrich (1641–1683). He was married to Katharina Elisabeth von Schönborn , with whom he had eleven children.

Their son Franz (1676–1738) married Anna Charlotte Elisabeth von Stadion . He resided mainly in Trachenberg, Lower Silesia.

Their son Franz Philipp Adrian (1717–1779) received the Prussian Prince's diploma in 1741 and was now called Prince von Hatzfeldt-Gleichen-Trachenberg . He married Bernhardina von Schönborn . His palace in Breslau, which was destroyed in the Seven Years' War, was rebuilt by the young Silesian architect Carl Gotthard Langhans , whom he then brokered to the Berlin court.

The only son of the princely couple, Friedrich Karl Franz Cajetan, Prince of Hatzfeld-Gleichen-Trachenberg (1773–1794), died without offspring. The rule Gleichen and the place Wandersleben fell back to the Archbishopric Mainz. The rule Trachenberg and the Franconian goods were then taken over by Franz Ludwig (1756–1827) from the Hatzfeldt-Werther-Schönstein line; his descendants remained in possession of this Silesian rule until 1945 as the princely line of Hatzfeld-Trachenberg (see below).

Princes of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg and Counts of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg-Dönhoff

Crottorf Castle

The direct imperial rule Wildenburg with the Crottorf estate came in 1794, after Prince Friedrich Karl Franz Cajetan's death, in equal parts to the lines of Hatzfeld-Werther-Schönstein and Hatzfeld-Wildenburg- Weisweiler , finally becoming sole ownership of the latter line around 1830. 40 years later this was prince and was now called Prince von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg . As early as 1806, however, the direct imperial rule of Wildenburg had been mediated by the Grand Duchy of Berg and fell to Prussia in 1815 , which is why the princely title newly awarded to this line was no longer associated with sovereignty and government rule.

Prince Paul Hermann von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg and his wife Maria von Stumm had Crottorf Castle renovated from 1923 to 1927. With their son Franz-Hermann Fürst von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg, the line died out in the male line in 1941.

After the death of his mother, the palace complex came to Franz-Hermann's sister Ursula in 1954. She left the property in 1969 to the son of her adopted sister Dorothea, who in 1938 married Count Heinrich Botho Eugen von Dönhoff (1899–1942), a son of Count August von Dönhoff from Friedrichstein Castle in East Prussia . Since then, the Crottorf / Schönstein property has belonged to Hermann Graf Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg-Dönhoff , who acquired additional property in Brandenburg after 1990. Until the 1950s, 2,800 hectares of land consisted mainly of forest and around 184 farms, although some of them had to be surrendered in the course of the land reform in 1952. Today, the Crottorf / Schönstein farm still covers 7,600 hectares (according to the website, see web links), plus 6,500 hectares of forest in Massow near Halbe since 2001 and 600 hectares of forest near Beichlingen since 2011 .

Princes of Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg

Coat of arms of the princes of Hatzfeldt zu Trachenberg

The Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg line comes from the Hatzfeldt-Werther-Schönstein line.

In 1794, Franz Ludwig (1756-1827) inherited the Hatzfeldt-Gleichen-Trachenberg line from the Hatzfeldt-Werther-Schönstein line, which had expired with Prince Friedrich Karl Franz Cajetan's death (see above), and succeeded it as a freelance gentleman on Trachenberg . From 1803 to 1827 he was the first prince of Hatzfeldt zu Trachenberg , then his son Hermann Anton, 2nd prince of Hatzfeldt zu Trachenberg (* 1808 in Berlin; † 1874 in Trachenberg), succeeded him.

His son, Hermann, 3rd Prince of Hatzfeld to Trachenberg (1848-1933), since 1874 head of the line Hatzfeldt-Trachenberg was on 1 January 1900 by Kaiser Wilhelm II. Prussian Duke to Trachenberg appointed by hereditary primogeniture , ie while he and, after his death, the eldest son in each case , were to bear the title of Prince of Hatzfeldt, Duke of Trachenberg , the children who were born later were to be called "Counts of Hatzfeldt and Trachenberg". In fact, he had two sons, for whom this regulation still applied, after 1918 this succession regulation became superfluous with the abolition of the monarchy and the introduction of the new naming law, according to which the previous title became part of the now civil family name, and (at least in the identity card) all children use the same name with the previously lower-ranking title as part of the name. Since then, the title of prince has only been used unofficially by the family elder.

In 1945, the property of the former Free Class Authority Trachenberg was expropriated from the family.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows a black wall anchor in gold . The helmet covers are black and gold. The helmet ornament consists of an open flight, each with the motif and colors of the shield.

The gemehrte gefürstete coat of arms from the Silesian armorial consists of seven fields for different tenure together. The family coat of arms is also attached centrally as a crowned heart shield .

Description of coat of arms (Prince von Hatzfeld zu Trachenberg): The shield is seven-field with golden central shields covered with a princely hat with black, double house anchors (family arms). In the first silver field the Prussian eagle , in the second silver field a black and crowned double-headed eagle , in the third blue field a silver crowned lion with ostrich feathers on its head, in the fourth golden field the Silesian eagle , in the fifth three red roses (2; 1 placed ), in the sixth silver field a red rose and the seventh silver field is divided once and four times split by silver and red.

Seven crowned helmets adorn the main shield. On the first (middle) a silver seated lion en face, on the second the double-headed eagle, on the third the Silesian helmet, the fourth helmet grows a mutilated black-clad man with a gold collar and a cap on which three black shells are visible; on the fifth helmet between two buffalo horns divided by silver and red a red rose; on the sixth helmet a golden wing spread out , on each wing the black house anchor (trunk helmet) and on the seventh a red rose on a closed silver wing .

Helmet covers right through black and gold, left red and silver.

Shield holder on both sides of the silver, red-tongued, double-tailed lion looking backwards. The whole thing is under a princely coat with a princely hat .

As Prussian princes according to the rights of the firstborn since July 10, 1803. Ownership: Principality of Trachenberg .

Known family members

See also

literature

  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume V, p. 12, volume 84 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1984, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Princely houses. Volume 18, Limburg 2007.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch . Princely houses. Volume 1, Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs, Marburg 2015, pp. 564-573 ISBN 978-3-9817243-0-1 .
  • Jens Friedhoff : The von Hatzfeldt family: Noble living culture and lifestyle between Renaissance and Baroque. Grupello Verlag, Düsseldorf, 2004, ISBN 3-89978-025-6 .
  • Jens Friedhoff and Friedrich Graf von Hatzfeldt: The von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg family on Crottorf and Schönstein. Crottorf 1998.
  • Georg Landau : The Hessian knight castles and their owners. Vlg. JJBohne, Kassel 1839, Volume 4, pp. 123-170.
  • Ludwig Lotzenius: History of the Hessian offices Battenberg and weather. Edited by Matthias Seim, Battenberg History Society in conjunction with the Wetter History Society, Battenberg 2013.

Web links

Commons : Hatzfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DIE WELT of September 23, 2001
  2. ↑ Thuringian General of June 17, 2012
  3. ↑ Leonard Dorst von Schatzberg : Schlesisches Wappenbuch or the arms of the nobility in the Sovereign Duchy of Silesia of the County of Glatz and Upper Lusatia. Volume 1, G. Heinze and Co., Görlitz 1842, p. 16 and Fig. 37.