Kohlberg (Upper Palatinate)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '  N , 12 ° 1'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Palatinate
County :	Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Management Community :	Weiherhammer
Height :	482 m above sea level NHN
Area :	33.51 km 2
Residents:	1199 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	36 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	92702
Area code :	09608
License plate :	NEW, ESB , VOH
Community key :	09 3 74 131
Market structure:	13 districts
Association administration address:	Main street 3 92729 Weiherhammer
Website :	www.kohlberg-opf.de
Mayor :	Gerhard List ( CSU )
Location of the Kohlberg market in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district

View of Kohlberg, January 2007

View of Kohlberg from the north, March 2011

Kohlberg is a market in the Upper Palatinate district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab and a member of the Weiherhammer administrative community .

origin of the name

The name Kohlberg comes from the charcoal burners on the mountain. Back then, charcoal was needed to smelt iron ore.

geography

Kohlberg is located in the Upper Palatinate North planning region on the northern slope of the 588 meter high Kohlbühl.

Community structure

The community has 13 districts:

Artes green Falkenthalermühle Glass bow Hannersgrün Kohlberg Roethenbach Slaughter wages

Slam Thannhof Thannmühle Quarter courtyard Waldhof Weißenbrunn

There are the following districts : Hannersgrün, Kohlberg, Röthenbach , Thannhof

Natural allocation

Kohlberg is located in the north of the Upper Palatinate hill country . Since sheet 154/155 Bayreuth of the single sheets 1: 200,000 for the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany has not been published, there is no detailed breakdown for the northern part of the Upper Palatinate hill country .

In relevant specialist literature, the geological subunit in which Kohlberg is located is referred to as the Kohlberg ridges .

history

Until the 19th century

The emergence of Kohlberg, through whose area a route of the Amber Road already led, probably goes back to the first half of the 12th century. Around the same time, the surrounding villages of Hannersgrün , Artesgrün , Weißenbrunn , the hamlet of Thannhof and Röthenbach emerged .

As early as 1250 Kohlberg was described as a separate judge's office. The judge's office included the localities of Kohlberg, Hannersgrün, Artesgrün, Weißenbrunn, the mill in Falkenthal, the wasteland in Thann (Thannhof), the hammer in Röthenbach and the wasted areas Eichhöh and Eichelberg. The judge's office thus roughly encompassed today's municipal area.

The elevation to the market must have taken place around or after 1300, because in the freedom letter for Kaltenbrunn of November 28, 1344 it says: "The aforementioned village should also have all the rights that the market in Kohlberg has." Market was its own court, holding a market and a fortification. The court already existed. The market day is not occupied, but is considered likely. The missing bering around the place is likely to have been replaced by the church, which has been fortified with a wall ring and has since been built of stone.

Kohlberg was on the most important medieval trade route between Nuremberg and Prague , the Golden Street . In addition to merchants, traders, couriers and other travelers, a lot of war people moved through Kohlberg in the Middle Ages. Jan Hus , too , came in October 1414 on his last trip from Weiden through Kohlberg to Constance , where he was burned as a heretic.

From 1268 Kohlberg was owned by Wittelsbach. Since the 15th century, the market had been the seat of one of the seven courts of the Parkstein-Weiden community office , in which the Parkstein district judge ruled together with twelve jury in cases of high and low jurisdiction .

The Thirty Years' War took a great toll on Kohlberg. In 1621 and 1626 over 40 people each died of the plague brought in by soldiers passing through. On May 26, 1634 Austrians and Croats passing through set the place on fire. Of the 58 town houses, only the Buschenhaus at the entrance to the village was spared. The church, school, rectory and also the brewery were destroyed by flames.

Kohlberg recovered only slowly from the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War. In 1644 the church was rebuilt. From 1633 she served the two Christian denominations with equal rights. At that time the community numbered 72 Catholics and 380 Protestants. This condition lasted until December 1916 when the Catholic Church was completed.

Since the ownership structure frequently changed in the Condominium Community Office Parkstein-Weiden , to which Kohlberg belonged, the rulers also changed frequently in Kohlberg from the 15th to the beginning of the 18th century. When in 1714 the Pfalz-Neuburg sold its share in the Community Office Parkstein-Weiden and the condominium in Parkstein-Weiden was terminated, Parkstein-Weiden and with it the place Kohlberg belonged completely to the Duchy of Pfalz-Sulzbach .

A fire caused by lightning in 1723 destroyed 19 houses and 13 barns in Kohlberg. The narrow buildings, partly made of wood, the straw or shingle roofing and the often negligent use of open light may have triggered further fires: on August 1, 1800 two thirds of the buildings in the market burned down, and in 1854 a fire destroyed eight houses the west side of the Kohlberger Marktplatz.

When the Bavarian Wittelsbach family died out in 1777 , Karl Theodor, who ruled the Pfalz-Sulzbach, inherited the Bavarian region. Kohlberg thus became Bavarian .

In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria , today's market was created with the municipal edict of 1818 .

In 1868 the volunteer fire brigade was founded in Kohlberg.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent municipality of Hannersgrün was incorporated.

Population development

• 1961: 1260 inhabitants
• 1970: 1212 inhabitants
• 1987: 1175 inhabitants
• 1991: 1224 inhabitants
• 1995: 1253 inhabitants
• 2000: 1220 inhabitants
• 2005: 1251 inhabitants
• 2010: 1242 inhabitants
• 2015: 1213 inhabitants

Between 1988 and 2018 the market grew from 1178 to 1192 by 14 inhabitants or 1.2% of the population.

Religions

Originally Kohlberg belonged to the original parish of Luhe. However, a parish "Cholberch" is already listed in the oldest registers of the diocese of Regensburg from 1284 and 1326.

In 1542 Count Palatine Ottheinrich introduced the Protestant creed as a co-owner of the Parkstein-Weiden community office . Elector Friedrich II of the Palatinate as co-owner tolerated this. Kohlberg thus became Protestant. Count Palatine Wolfgang Wilhelm von Neuburg secretly converted to the Catholic Church on June 19, 1613 and, after the death of his father in 1614, ordered the conversion of his subjects. The community office changed faith again.

politics

mayor

Mayor is Gerhard List (CSU).

coat of arms

Official description of the coat of arms

"Under the shield head with the Bavarian rhombuses in silver a green three-mountain, above which a horizontal, mutilated black tree branch hovers."

Coat of arms history and meaning of the symbols

Kohlberg received his coat of arms on August 12, 1442 from Duke Johann of Bavaria .

The mutilated black branch stands for the formerly economically important coal piles in the area and, in connection with the Dreiberg, gives a picture that speaks for the place name. The diamonds in the shield head refer to the local rule of the Wittelsbachers since 1268. Count Palatine Johann von Neumarkt gave the town of Kohlberg the coat of arms in 1442, presumably after the market uprising. In the privilege the branch is named as smoldering coal . The seal, which dates from the middle of the 15th century and has been handed down in impressions since 1523, also contains the correct image. In the seal of 1770, the diamonds were misinterpreted and for the first time depicted as scattered bits of coal. The tinging also deviated from the historical specifications until the 20th century.

Architectural monuments

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Kohlberg

Soil monuments

→ Main article : List of ground monuments in Kohlberg

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy including agriculture and forestry

According to official statistics, there were 54 employees at the place of work in the manufacturing sector and 26 in the trade and transport sector. There were a total of 411 employees at the place of residence subject to social security contributions. There were 2 companies in the manufacturing sector and 3 in the construction sector. In addition, in 1999 there were 36 farms with an agricultural area of ​​912 hectares, of which 660 were arable land and 252 were permanent green areas.

traffic

The Röthenbach (Oberpf) stop is on the Neukirchen – Weiden railway line and is served by Regional Express trains on the Nürnberg Hbf - Neustadt (Waldnaab) route.

education

The following institutions exist (as of: 1999):

• Kindergartens: 50 kindergarten places with 32 children

Personalities

• Anton Beer-Walbrunn (born June 29, 1864 in Kohlberg; † March 22, 1929 in Munich), composer
• Gustav Ritter von Sailer (born May 27, 1892 in Kohlberg; † 1977), Lieutenant Colonel, bearer of the Bavarian Maximilian Joseph Order

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ ^{a b} The history of the market town of Kohlberg on www.kohlberg-opf.de
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} K. Prösl: History of Kohlberg and the surrounding area . In: The arnica - magazine of the Oberpfälzer Waldverein e. V. No. 1/2012 . Weiden 2012, p. 3 .
4. ↑ http://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/orte/ortssuche_action.html ? Anzeige=voll&modus=automat&tempus=[phone]/204050&attr=OBJ&val= 975
5. ^ Dietrich Jürgen Manske: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 164 Regensburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1981, pp. 53–54. →  Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
6. ^ Stefan Glaser, Gertrud Keim, Georg Loth, Andreas Veit, Barbara Bessler-Veit, Ulrich Lagally: Geotopes in the Upper Palatinate . Ed .: Bavarian State Office for the Environment. 1st edition. 2007, ISBN 978-3-940009-92-0 , pp. 47 .
7. ↑ Dr. Dietrich-Jürgen Manske : The Amberg Sulzbach district in the mirror of the times . S. 9–46 ( heimatforschung-regensburg.de [PDF]).
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} K. Prösl: History of Kohlberg and the surrounding area . In: The arnica - magazine of the Oberpfälzer Waldverein e. V. No. 1/2012 . Weiden 2012, p. 4 .
9. ↑ ^{a b} Community Office Parkstein - Weiden, homage from 1615. (PDF; 210 kB) (No longer available online.) In: Familienforschung-kunz-weiden.de. Alfred Kunz, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 21, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
10. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 538 .
11. ^ The community office Parkstein-Weiden. In: Junge-pfalz.de. Large district town of Neuburg an der Donau, accessed on June 21, 2013 . 
12. ↑ [1]

Web links

Commons : Kohlberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on the coat of arms of Kohlberg (Upper Palatinate)  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Kohlberg (Upper Palatinate): Official statistics of the LfStat