Kohlwald (Fichtel Mountains)
| Kohlwald | |
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 The Fichtel Mountains in northeast Bavaria |
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.jpg) Fichtelgebirge with cabbage forest in the east |
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| Highest peak | Výhledy ( 655.8 m nm ) |
| location | Germany , Czech Republic |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 3 ' N , 12 ° 16' E |
 View from the Steinwald (Platte) to the northeast, including the Elster Mountains, Ore Mountains, Kohlwald and Reichsforst. |
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The Kohlwald is a densely wooded range of hills up to 655.8 m nm high between Röslausenke and Wondreb-Graben in the Fichtelgebirge and the southeastern boundary of this low mountain range . It lies in the border area of Bavaria ( Germany ) and Karlovarský kraj (Karlsbader Region; Czech Republic ).
In terms of natural space , the Kohlwald belongs to the main unit Hohes Fichtelgebirge (394) according to the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany ; after a refinement of this structure by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment , it forms the main part of the unit Lausnitzer Randberge (394-D). According to the geomorphological classification of the Czech Republic , the Czech parts belong to the local subunit Chebská pahorkatina (I 3 A-1C) (German: Egerer Hügelland) of the main unit Smrčiny (I 3 A-1) (German: Fichtelgebirge).
geography
location
About one third of the cabbage forest is located in the Wunsiedel district in the Fichtelgebirge ( Upper Franconia ) and the Tirschenreuth district ( Upper Palatinate ), both in Bavaria, and in Okres Cheb in the Czech Republic (Eger district; Karlovy Vary region). It is located between the Bavarian town of Seußen (Germany) in the west-southwest and Cheb (Eger) in the east-northeast, in the Karlsbad region . Western and northern parts of the ridge - including the Sieben-Linden-Berg - are in the Fichtelgebirge Nature Park .
mountains
The highest peak of the carbon forest in the much larger German part of Höhenzugs is in Arzberg lying seven-Linden-Berg ( 643.1 m above sea level. NHN ). The highest mountain in the entire ridge is the Výhledy (Oberkunreuth- or Schwarzberg; 655.8 m nm ), the summit of which is in the municipality of Pomezí nad Ohří (Mühlbach), almost 200 m northeast of the border with Germany in the Czech part of the ridge.
The main ridge of the ridge begins in the west with the Kohlberg (633 m), followed by the Sieben-Linden-Berg (643.1 m) and the Moosrangen (599 m), as well as the Výhledy (Oberkunreuth- or Schwarzberg; 655.8 m) and Zelená hora (Grünberg; 641.3 m). To the southeast of it, Krátery (crater; 587 m), Šlingova Mýť ( Schlindelhau ; 549 m), U Rozcestí ( Zwiesel ; 541.5 m), Rovinka (Rödelhöhe, 523 m) and U Lomu (quarry; 515 m) form the slope to the Eger basin . To the north of the main ridge are Sommerrangen (544 m) and Ameisenbühl (525 m), to the south of it, already in Stiftland , the heights of Gossenbühl (616 m), Dietzenberg (626 m), Glasberg (628 m), Kappelberg (600 m) and Platte (577 m) - the latter near the geological border ( Wondreb-Graben near Waldsassen ) to the Upper Palatinate Forest .
topography
A rough topographical classification with regard to the vegetation consisting largely of spruce forests can be found as the Arzberg Forest Department in the Wunsiedel district in the Fichtel Mountains, as the Svatokřížský les (Heiligenkreuzwald), Na chlumu (Kulmwald), Slapanský les (Erlholz) and Bučina (Buchwald) in Karlovarský kraj forest and as a department of Munich Reuther Forest in the Tirschenreuth district.
The southeast of the Fichtelgebirge already reached in earlier times as far as St. Anna's Mountain in today's Czech Republic . The Kohlwald was described in its west-east extension from Kohlberg to St. Anna-Berg and in its north-south dimension from Röslau Valley to Wondreb Graben.
Most of the descriptions are limited to the Bavarian or (Upper) Palatinate part. The Bohemian part was rarely described. The location as a separate ridge of the Fichtelgebirge, comparable with the Steinwald further south-west , is hardly documented in the more recent literature. As a result, the term Kohlwald has shrunk to a space that falsely equates today's Arzberger Forest with the Kohlwald.
Waters
The Feisnitz , which rises on the Výhledy, is the largest watercourse in the Kohlwald. There are also numerous springs and streams. The Feisnitz flows in western direction, flows after flowing through the lying on the coal mine and 15.54 ha large Feisnitz Reservoir at Seußen in the Roeslau and forms the geographical boundary to Reich Forestry and Stiftland . The Glasmühlbach , which rises a little south of the Feisnitz spring and flows in a south-easterly direction, flows into the Wondreb at Kondrau and forms the further geographical border to the Reichsforst area.
Other waters are the Mühlbach , Hundsbach , Lindenbach , Grenzbach and Buchbach , as well as the vertex pond and the Skalka and Jesenice dams in the Czech Republic.
Localities
Germany:
Czech Republic:
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geology
Geologically , the mountain range consists essentially of granite . Basalt is only found in the far east and slate in the south . The history of its orogeny begins in the Precambrian about 750 to 800 million years ago - almost 20% of the earth's history is covered by the mountains, which only applies to a few of the still existing rump mountains .
history
Tested in 1061 was a road coming from Nuremberg , via Kemnath and Oberkunreuth to Eger, and a high road , coming from Regensburg , via Waldsassen and Schirnding into the Vogtland through the Kohlwald. They crossed near the small settlement Forchheim near Pechtnersreuth, which was described as deserted as early as 1340. During this time after the turn of the millennium , the beginnings of the later iron ore mining are likely to have been in this area. The name Kohlwald probably comes from the former coal piles for iron smelting in Arzberg . Its history is characterized by frequent political and linguistic divisions. After the end of the Holy Roman Empire , the western part of the Kohlwald belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria (also known there as the "Siebenlindengebirge"), the eastern part to the Kingdom of Bohemia , later to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and today it belongs to the geomorphological district Výhledská vrchovina (German about: Oberkunreuther Bergland) to the Czech Republic. The name Weißensteinerkette, used until the 19th century for the southeast flank of the Fichtelgebirge, has been forgotten and is no longer used.
Buildings
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The Waldenfelswarte and a refuge of the Fichtelgebirgsverein (not managed) are on the summit of the Kohlberg . The well house of the book fountain is located on the western slope of Výhledy . At the top of the Zelená hora are a telecommunication tower and a lookout tower ( Bismarck tower ). The Trinity Church Kappl is located between Dietzenberg and Glasberg, near the town of Münchenreuth . The parish village of Münchenreuth is the only one of the localities incorporated into Waldsassen to have its own parish church . It is also the northernmost parish in the Upper Palatinate.
The Památník obětem železné opony (Memorial to the Victims on the Iron Curtain) is on the road from Cheb to Waldsassen . About 1.3 km southwest of Horní Hraničná (Oberkunreuth) and 1.8 km west of Pechtnersreuth (district of Waldsassen ) there is a small stone cross south of Výhledy (Oberkunreuthberg or Schwarzberg) in the Czech Republic, right next to the border with Germany at boundary stone 6/13 made of granite. The reason for its erection is unknown, but in the past such crosses were erected in many places where people passing by were encouraged to say a prayer.
In protected landscape blue column line within the Arzberger Forst three are wind turbines of the type Nordex N117 / 2400 m with a total height of each 199 m with a rotor diameter of 117, a rotor blade is 57 m long and weighs 10.4 metric tons. The output per system is 2.4 MW , the annual standard energy is 6.5 million kWh .
traffic
State road St 2178 runs through the Kohlwald and connects Schirnding with Waldsassen. The state road 2176 , which connects Arzberg with Konnersreuth and further over the state road St 2175 with Waldsassen, runs after overcoming the pass between Kohlberg and Siebenlindenberg along the western and southern edge of the Kohlwald. The section from Arzberg to Heiligenfurt used to be part of a trade route from Regensburg to Magdeburg as the so-called Hohe Straße . The extremely steep descent to Arzberg was only defused from 1860 by a full hairpin bend and several half- bends in a serpentine manner. From the top of the pass in an eastward direction to Seedorf, the district road WUN 13 connects the two state roads St 2176 and 2178 and south of the pass near Heiligenfurt in a westward direction, the district road TIR 19 as an extension of the district road WUN 14, the state road St 2176 with the district road WUN 18 at Sussen. While on the western edge this district road WUN 18 coming from Marktredwitz connects Seußen via Arzberg with Schirnding, on the northern edge in the Czech Republic the II.-class road 606 from Schirnding to Cheb and on the east edge the II.-class road 214 from Cheb to Waldsassen Circle. The federal road 303 , which is also part of the European route 48 , and the Nuremberg – Cheb railway line run parallel to the WUN 18 district road .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Geoprohlížeč ČÚZK (topographic map), on geoportal.cuzk.cz
- ↑ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , Vol. 11. Leipzig 1907, p. 247, on zeno.org
- ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Smrčiny (Fichtelgebirge) , on cs.wikipedia.com
- ↑ a b c Geodata with the BayernAtlas
- ↑ JG Sommer: Kingdom of Bohemia . (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 10, 2017 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) (1847), from comcast.net
- ↑ Julius von Plänckner: Piniferus, pocket book for travelers in the Fichtelgebirge , Hof 1839, p. 61, on bavarica.digitale-sammlungen.de
- ↑ Th. B. Helfrecht: Das Fichtelgebirge: after many journeys on the same described (1799), Vol. 1, on books.google.de
- ^ FW Singer, Heimat an der Hohen Warte , 1982
- ↑ The Fichtelgebirge - On the eastern edge of the Fichtelgebirge (including information on the political divisions of the Kohlwald), on bayern-fichtelgebirge.de
- ^ Karl Wilhelm von Gümbel: Geognostic Description of the Kingdom of Bavaria , on books.google.de
- ↑ DEMEK J. a kol .: Zeměpisný lexikon ČSR - Hory a nížiny, Academia, Praha 1987, p. 222
- ^ Heinrich Berghaus: The Fichtel Mountains and the Franconian Jura in: Deütschlands Höhen - Contributions to the exact knowledge of the same (1834), on books.google.de
- ↑ Památník obětem železné opony ( Memorial to the Victims on the Iron Curtain ; map), on mapy.cz
- ↑ The stone cross in the cabbage forest near Horní Hraničná , on bayern-fichtelgebirge.de (PDF; 2.15 MB)
- ↑ Wind turbine gets rotor blades (Frankenpost), from July 4, 2014, on frankenpost.de
- ^ Second class street 606 (Czech WP)
- ↑ Second class street 214 (Czech WP)
cards
- Fritsch hiking map Fichtelgebirge Nature Park and Steinwald Nature Park , M = 1: 50,000, ISBN 9783861160526
Web links
- The Fichtelgebirge , on bayern-fichtelgebirge.de
- The Fichtelgebirge - photos and information as well as pictures and travel reports , on fichtelgebirge-oberfranken.de