Wiedikon
  district of Zurich |
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|---|---|
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| Coordinates | 681 290 / 246 235 |
| surface | 8.65 km² |
| Residents | 50,569 (2018) |
| Population density | 5846 inhabitants / km² |
| structure | |
| circle | 3 |
| Quarters | |
Wiedikon is an urban district of the city of Zurich .
The formerly independent community of Wiedikon was incorporated in 1893 and forms today's District 3 . Administratively, Wiedikon has been divided by the statistical office since 1971 into the three administrative units (quarters) Alt-Wiedikon , Sihlfeld and Friesenberg .
coat of arms
- In blue a gold-framed orb with a gold cross, divided by red and silver
geography
Wiedikon claims 894.9 hectares, which corresponds to 9.4% of the total area of the city of Zurich. The quarter extends from the Allmend to the Letzigraben . The neighboring quarters are Wollishofen , Leimbach , Enge , Albisrieden and Aussersihl - Hard . On the Uetliberg , the district boundary is also the city boundary.
location
The core of the quarter is the Bühl, a moraine hill . This is crowned by the neo-Gothic Bühlkirche (built in 1896) and the Wiedikon Cantonal School with its old building (formerly daughter school 5) and the new building. The historic and still active district center is at the foot of the Bühl. Around 1930, a building boom hit the Friesenberg, the slope terrace at the foot of the Uetliberg . Over the years, the entire quarter was gradually built over with housing developments. The last large land reserve in Wiedikon, the site of the former clay pits in the areas of Gehrenholz, Tiergarten, Binz and Friesenberg, was also built over a few years ago.
history
Primeval forest in the Binz district
In April 2013, the Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape (WSL) recovered around 14,000 year old tree stumps from a subfossil forest in the Binz district , which could be the oldest surviving remains of a forest in the world. Similar finds in the area around the Uetliberg were made earlier, during the construction of the Uetliberg tunnel , in the Dättnau valley near Winterthur and in the floodplain clay of the Reppisch , which were around 12,000 years old. At a depth of four to six meters, a WSL employee discovered numerous tree stumps and their roots in an excavation pit - they “stood upright, with the roots down, as if they could come out again at any time”. Using the radiocarbon method, ETH Zurich dated three wood samples from the several meters thick layer of clay to an age of almost 14,000 years: “These are the first proven trees that immigrated back to us from the Mediterranean region after the last Ice Age ... such Finds are unique in the world, ”commented Daniel Nievergelt, discoverer and employee of WSL.
Settlement history
The oldest traces of settlement are estimated to date from 3000 to 2000 BC. BC and include a stone ax, remains of graves which are ascribed to the Helvetians and individual Roman coins.
After 500 Alemanni settled what is now German-speaking Switzerland. On the Bühlhügel - protected from the floods of the Sihl - Wiedo and his Alemannic clan, the Wiedingen , settled and indirectly gave the area its name. A document dated June 27, 889 first used the place name Wiedinc hova ("Höfe der Wiedinge"), which in the course of time became Wiedikon .
In 1259 Wiedikon was mentioned in a second document, this time as a royal imperial court. The Vogtei Wiedikon changed through the various noble families who had citizenship in the city of Zurich before it was bought by the free imperial city of Zurich after 1490. The Upper Bailiwick of Wiedikon thus became an inner bailiwick, whose Vogt was based in the city of Zurich. The Obervogtei Wiedikon was also added to Albisrieden .
In the pre-Reformation period there was a brother house in the Bubental and the popular pilgrimage chapel of Our Lady in Gnadental .
The exact age of today's coat of arms with the medieval imperial orb is unknown; it was first documented in a register of coats of arms in 1674.
The entire Upper Bailiwick of Wiedikon was dominated by agriculture and consisted of the two main settlements Wiedikon and Albisrieden, as well as a large number of scattered farms. The construction industry also established itself in Wiedikon, as there was plenty of clay, as the former clay pits Binz and Heuried still suggest today. The wood for the brick kilns was brought on the Sihl from the Sihlwald ; the name Schmiede Wiedikon is still reminiscent of the wagons that were essential for transport at the time.
After Wiedikon denied citizens of the Hard, they asked in 1784 for their own community. The request was complied with and the new community of Aussersihl was formed within the Upper Bailiwick of Wiedikon. Aussersihl was released into independence in 1787, with which Wiedikon lost the lower part of the municipality or the Sihlfeld, which originally extended to the Limmat . After the separation from Aussersihl in 1791, Wiedikon received its first church with the prayer house for the first time since the Reformation. The house of prayer , now a listed building, is one of the oldest buildings in Wiedikon. With the French invasion in 1798, the old system collapsed and the Upper Bailiwick of Wiedikon was dissolved. Wiedikon and Albisrieden became independent communities. In 1852, Wiedikon received back the farms in its municipal area from Aussersihl, which had gone to Aussersihl when it was divided.
Wiedikon received its first train station in 1875 ; it was relocated in 1927, and its new building has remained the only equestrian station in Switzerland. As early as 1892, Wiedikon received a second station, Giesshübel station, which was particularly important for freight traffic, which the Sihl Valley Railway handled in its catchment area.
Incorporation
The poor economic situation at the end of the 19th century also forced the Wiedikon community to ask the city of Zurich to incorporate it. In addition to Wiedikon, ten other independent municipalities became part of the city in 1893. The city of Zurich and the new eleven municipalities were divided into five urban districts (I to V). Wiedikon formed the urban district III , to which the Aussersihl (and its industrial quarter ), which had split off a good 100 years earlier, was added again.
The division of the original five city districts was revised in 1913 and by dividing the city district III into three and dividing the city district V into two, eight new city districts (1 to 8) were formed. The area of the former community of Wiedikon became today's urban district 3 , while the former community Aussersihl became urban district 4 and its part, which was split off in 1875, the industrial district, became urban district 5.
The second incorporation from 1934 had no influence on Wiedikon, but in a further revision of the city districts in 1971, including Wiedikon by the statistical office of the city of Zurich , was divided into the three quarters of Alt-Wiedikon, Sihlfeld and Friesenberg, almost exclusively one have statistical significance.
Attractions
Religions and churches
Christianity
The following Christian churches are represented in Wiedikon: The Evangelical Reformed Church has six churches in Wiedikon (including the Sihlfeld and Friesenberg quarters):
- The Andreas Church (Sihlfeld) from the years 1965–1966 stands on Brahmsstrasse and was built according to plans by the architect Jakob Padrutt. The church consists of a cube clad with granite slabs and belongs to parish three of the Evangelical Reformed parish of Zurich.
- The Thomaskirche in the estate is located on Burstwiesenstrasse and was built between 1959 and 1961 according to plans by the architect Hans Hoffmann. The church has eternit roofs reaching far down and an entrance facade made of red brick. The free-standing tower is aligned with the central axis of the church and has a height of 53 meters. The organ of the church is an instrument by Orgelbau Kuhn from 1961. The church and the associated center belong to parish three of the Evangelical Reformed parish of Zurich.
- The Zwinglikirche was built between 1922-1925 by the architect Adolf Bräm and Heinrich Bräm as tower-and bell-less church in the Neo-Romanesque-Neo-Classical style. A living and teaching wing was built at right angles to the church. The church is on the first and second floors of the building and has been used by the Chiesa Evangelica di Lingua italiana ( Waldensian ) center since 2001 .
- The Bühlkirche was built in 1894–1896 by Paul Reber , Basel. From Wiedingstrasse a wide staircase leads up to the neo-Gothic church with its 51 meter high tower. The organ from 1897 is the oldest church organ in the city of Zurich. It is an instrument made by the organ building company Goll , Lucerne. The church belongs to parish three of the Evangelical Reformed parish of Zurich.
- The Wiedikon prayer house was built in the years 1789–1791 as a school and prayer house for the Wiedikon church, which is part of St. Peter's . In 1862 the building was given a baptismal font and twenty years later a pulpit. It is a broad, rectangular baroque building with a hipped roof and ridge turret and is an important witness to the old town center in the Schmiede Wiedikon area. The Wiedikon prayer house has been a listed building since 1964. Today the building is used by the management and administration of the church district three of the Evangelical Reformed parish of Zurich and for various events.
- The Friesenberg Church , which was built in 1941–1947 according to plans by the architects Müller and Freytag, Thalwil and today belongs to the third parish of the Protestant-Reformed parish of Zurich.
The Roman Catholic Church is represented in the Wiedikon district (including the Friesenberg district) with two parishes:
- The Church of the Heart of Jesus was built in the years 1920–1921 by the architect Joseph Steiner , Schwyz. This neo-Romanesque basilica was built for the Catholic parish in Switzerland, which at that time had 19,000 people and had the largest number of members. In the years 1968–1969 the church was expanded to include a lower church and a chapel.
- The church of St. Theresa in the Friesenberg quarter was built between 1931–1933 according to plans by the architect Fritz Metzger . This church is considered a remarkable example of modern church architecture.
The New Apostolic Church owns the church center of the Zurich-Wiedikon congregation on Bühlstrasse. This church is considered the largest New Apostolic church in Switzerland and was built between 1950 and 1952 according to plans by the architect Ernst Plüss.
Judaism
Many Jews live in Wiedikon and the neighboring Enge district . There are various Israelite communities. A quarter of the Jews living there belong to Hasidic Judaism.
- The Agudas Achim synagogue was built between 1959 and 1960 by the architect Walter Sonanini.
- With the Jewish cemeteries Unterer and Oberer Friesenberg , the Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich has had its own burial grounds since 1866 and 1952, respectively. Buried here are, among others, the tenor Joseph Schmidt , the conductor Otto Klemperer , the poet Mascha Kaléko and the writer Felix Salten .
Economy and Infrastructure
Large parts of Wiedikon consist of purely residential buildings, not much of the old village center on Zweierstrasse can be seen, as there, too, the block perimeter developments, analogous to the Sihlfeld, have taken over. Cooperative housing estates predominate on the Bühlhügel, in Heiligfeld, Im Gut and on the entire Friesenberg including most of the former clay pits. A mix is created above all by the trade on Birmensdorferstrasse and on Kalkbreitestrasse, with the Goldbrunnenplatz at their intersection, as well as the actual center at the Wiedikon forge .
There are now hardly any large industrial companies, the once proud Zürcher Ziegeleien (ZZ) now operate as Conzzeta AG and sold their old core business at the end of the 1990s. The holding, which is mainly active in mechanical and plant engineering, is still based in Wiedikon today; the former clay pits Laubegg, Gehrenholz and Tiergarten are now built over with housing estates, the Binz pit houses a commercial zone and residential buildings that were being built in 2005. The artificial ice rink of the same name, the outdoor pool and the community center are integrated into the Heuried pit. The southernmost pit on the border with Allmend is home to the Credit Suisse Uetlihof administration center, the Brunaupark shopping center with its attached housing estate and the headquarters of Conzzetta AG.
The paper mill on the Sihl has given up its old headquarters after various redimensioning projects and moved a little further up the hill to the more modern Sihl paper mill in Manegg in Leimbach. The area is used for the large Sihlcity development , which includes another shopping center and a multiplex cinema.
The Orell Füssli Group, which, among other things, produces Swiss paper money, has been located on Dietzingerstrasse since 1936 .
The Manesse guard, which was occupied by the professional fire brigade in 1936, is today not only the seat of the professional fire brigade, but also the entire municipal emergency services that are grouped under Protection & Rescue Zurich . Due to the development plan for the Sihlfeld, the building, which was originally much too large, is now able to accommodate everything under one roof.
Some of the few striking high-rise buildings in Wiedikon have stood high up at the foot of the Uetliberg since the 1960s and belong to the Triemli City Hospital, which opened in 1970 . In addition to the distinctive bed tower, the hospital complex also includes three staff towers. Behind the splendid building of the Triemli Hospital is the third largest hospital in the canton and the second largest emergency department, whose catchment area includes the city to the left of the Limmat and the neighboring communities on the left bank of Zurich (around 360,000 people). The hospital complex also houses one of the two municipal ambulance bases of Schutz & Rettung Zürich .
The cantonal road traffic office is also located at the foot of the Uetliberg, and there is a second equivalent seat in Winterthur. The cantonal armory is located on Uetlibergstrasse between Laubegg and Binz.
The nearby, former Binz clay pit houses commercial buildings that were once opened up by a comprehensive industrial track system of the Sihl Valley-Zurich-Uetliberg Railway (SZU). The local industry and logistics were largely replaced by service companies. Well-known companies based in the industrial zone were the Globus Group (headquarters moved to Spreitenbach at the end of 2002 ) and the construction company Heinrich Hatt-Haller (part of Zschokke Holding since 1982 , now Implenia ), which released its area for a residential construction project. The discounter Denner , active in the retail trade , has its headquarters in the "Denner-Haus" on Grubenstrasse .
The former central cemetery, today the Sihlfeld cemetery , was the first “people's cemetery ” in Zurich, where anyone, regardless of church or religion, could be buried if they wished. The first crematorium in Switzerland was built here, and a second crematorium had to be added. With further incorporations, communities with their own cemeteries were added and the space requirement dwindled, as a result of which various fields were abandoned and partly used for other purposes - despite this, it is still the largest contiguous green space within the city. The two crematoriums, which have long since been shut down, are preserved as architectural monuments.
The Aemtler school complex is set apart from the Sihlfeld cemetery by another green area. The two large school buildings in the Heimat style were created in 1908 by Gustav Gull . The largest school complex in Sihlfeld , which is still the largest today, houses lower and upper grades.
On the Bühlhügel, next to the neo-Gothic Bühlkirche, there is the Bühl school complex, which includes the Bühl primary school and the Wiedikon cantonal school . The facility consists of three classic buildings on the hill, which were built around the same time as the church, and a modern building that was built on the slope and hides a sports hall section built underground in the hill.
traffic
railroad
Wiedikon has several train stations and stops. The most important is the Wiedikon station , which opened in 1875 together with the left bank of the Zürichseebahn , which belongs to the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and has been integrated into the Zurich S-Bahn since 1990 . In 1892 the Giesshübel station of the Sihltalbahn was opened, which has always had a track connection to the Wiedikon station and is now the seat of the Sihltal-Zürich-Uetliberg-Bahn (SZU). The formerly strong freight traffic has now declined, but passenger traffic has increased significantly since 1990 and is increasingly demanding the parking and maintenance facilities of the SZU located in Giesshübel.
Since the left bank caused a strong separation between Wiedikon and Aussersihl, the former municipality border was moved to the south after the incorporation of both municipalities in 1893 and has since run along the Seebahn . As this separation became unbearable as the city grew, the railway line was laid in a cut in 1927 and the level crossings were lifted. Wiedikon received the only equestrian station in Switzerland and the section after the "Enge" and the connection to Giesshübel were placed in a tunnel.
The Uetlibergbahn of the SZU runs right through Wiedikon, where it serves four stops and has had increasing passenger numbers since the extension to the main train station, analogous to the Sihltalbahn. The train leaves the city area from Triemli , but runs largely on Wiediker Boden to the Uetliberg terminus.
tram
When Zürcher Strassenbahn AG opened the standard gauge Aussersihler line Helmhaus-Paradeplatz-Zentralfriedhof in September 1882 , Wiedikon also received indirect access to the horse-drawn tram that ran on Badenerstrasse to the central cemetery , which is in Wiedikon. In 1900, the line was converted to meter gauge and electrified and extended from today's Zypressenstrasse stop to the Letzigraben - until 1934 the city limits to Altstetten - where there was a connection to the Limmattal tram (LSB).
Wiedikon received his own tram in 1898/99 from the urban tramway Zurich (StStZ), which opened the tram line Hauptbahnhof – Sihlbrücke – Werdstrasse – Heuried. The section in Werdstrasse was merged with the Aussersihler line in Badenerstrasse and canceled in 1914; Since then, the Stauffacher stop has been an important transfer point and the gateway to Wiedikon from the city center . The tram route was extended from Heuried to Triemli in 1926.
With a view to the Federal Shooting Festival in Albisgüetli , the Albisgütlibahn (AGB) opened the third tram route to Wiedikon in 1907, from the Giesshübel level crossing to the Albisgüetli ( Utohof ); the short section from the Utobrücke to the level crossing was created by the StStZ. After the shooting festival, the AGB led through undeveloped clay pits and soon only drove on summer weekends until it was taken over by the StStZ in 1925. In 1926 the line to the Schützenhaus was extended and with the first overbuilding on the Friesenberg, the line justified regular traffic from the 1930s.
In 1923 the StStZ together with the municipality of Albisrieden opened the so-called Albisriedertram , the Albisriederplatz – Albisrieden tram line, which runs between Albisriederplatz and Letzigraben ( Hubertus stop ) through Wiedikon as a branch of the Aussersihler line .
Originally, tram lines and railway lines crossed each level and since the SBB forbade the tram operators to use their tracks during regular operation, the trams commuted on sections of the route, whereby the passengers had to get off at the level crossings (Marienstrasse and Freyastrasse) and walk to the connecting tram at the level crossing. With the lowering of the Seebahn in 1927, continuous operation could be introduced on all lines. Only at the level crossing on Giesshübelstrasse (in today's Sihlcity complex) was this never a problem, as the Sihl Valley Railway did not share the SBB's “concerns” - the level crossing there was only replaced by an underpass much later.
Today the tram lines operate on the tram routes:
- 2: Farbhof - Stauffacher - Bellevue - Tiefenbrunnen
- 3: Albisrieden - Stauffacher - Central Station - Klusplatz
- 5: Laubegg - Enge train station - Fluntern church
- 9: (Triemli–) Heuried - Stauffacher - Bellevue - Milchbuck - Hirzenbach
- 14: Triemli - Stauffacher - Central Station - Milchbuck - Oerlikon - Seebach
- 13: Albisgüetli - Paradeplatz - Central Station - Escher-Wyss-Platz - Frankental
- 17: (Albisgüetli - Paradeplatz–) Central Station - Escher-Wyss-Platz - Werdhölzli
buses
The trolleybus routes 32, 33 and 72 are younger than the tram lines and run tangentially or concentrically to the city center. The bus route 67 provides a direct connection to the center of Albisrieden and part of Altstetten. Line 89, introduced in the nineties, now connects the Wiediker shopping centers Brunaupark and Sihlcity via Friesenberg with the industrial area between Albisrieden and Altstetten (open warehouse, corridor), the Letzipark shopping center, the Altstetten train station and leads to Höngg. In addition, bus line 76 connects Zurich Wiedikon train station with the Binz industrial area.
Others
The quarter also has two local newspapers, Züri West and Quartier-Echo . The boys' shooting takes place once a year in the Albisgüetli in Friesenberg . The neighborhood festival on Idaplatz, which has been held annually in late summer since the mid-1970s, is the oldest and one of the most popular neighborhood festivals in Zurich.
The song Wiedike was dedicated to Quartier Wiedikon by the Swiss dialect - reggae - and rap artist Phenomden .
literature
- Martin Illi: Wiedikon. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Paul Etter: History of Alt-Wiedikon from the beginnings to the overthrow in 1798. Stäubli Verlag, Zurich 1987, ISBN 3-7266-0016-7 .
- Building Department of the City of Zurich, Office for Urban Development: Wiedikon, Albisrieden, Altstetten (= Baukultur in Zurich. Volume IV ). Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-03823-153-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hélène Arnet: The oldest forest in the world. In: Tages-Anzeiger . May 21, 2013, accessed May 22, 2013.
- ^ Felix Marbach: Zurich-Wollishofen. In: Bischöfliches Ordinariat Chur (Ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Chur. 1980, p. 273.
- ↑ See the following: Robert Schönbächler: Churches and places of worship in the city of Zurich. In: Neujahrsblatt Industriequartier / Aussersihl. Zurich 2013, pp. 54–64.
- ^ Fabrizio Brentini: The Church of St. Theresa in Zurich. GSK, Bern 2005, ISBN 3-85782-784-X , p. 4.
- ^ The Jewish cemetery Unterer Friesenberg in Zurich. In: Alemannia Judaica. Retrieved January 5, 2014 .
- ↑ Routing - City of Zurich. Retrieved September 17, 2017 .
Former communities: Affoltern | Albisrieden | Altstetten | Aussersihl | Tightness | Fluntern | Hirslanden | Höngg | Hottingen | Leimbach | Niederurdorf | Oberstrass | Oberurdorf | Örlikon | Riesbach | Schwamendingen | Seebach | Undercarriage | Wiedikon | Wipkingen | Witikon | Wollishofen
Since 1986 in the Miles district : Zollikon
Since 1989 to the new Dietikon district : Birmensdorf | Dietikon | Geroldswil | Oberengstringen | Oetwil on the Limmat | Streaks | Uitikon | Unterengstringen | Urdorf | Weiningen
Canton of Zurich | Districts of the Canton of Zurich | Municipalities of the Canton of Zurich