Militsch district
The Militsch district , informally often also called Militsch-Trachenberg district , was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1742 to 1945 and last had an area of 931 km². Its county seat was the city of Militsch . The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
After conquering most of Silesia, King Frederick II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia by cabinet order on November 25, 1741 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the establishment of district administrators on January 1, 1742. The Militsch district , the principality of Trachenberg and the minorities of Freyhan, Neuschloß and Sulau became the district of Militsch- Trachenberg formed. Christoph Sigismund von Lüttwitz was appointed as the first district administrator in the district.
The Militsch-Trachenberg district was initially subject to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber . At the end of the 18th century, the part of the name “Trachenberg” was not used in official language. The district of Militsch was assigned to the administrative district of Breslau in the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 . During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Breslau, the following changes were made to the district boundary:
- The villages of Alexanderwitz, Exau, Groß Strenz, Klein Strenz and Leubel were reclassified from the Militsch district to the Wohlau district .
- The villages of Alt Hammer, Brustawe, Eisenhammer, Ellguth, Groß Lahse, Groß Perschnitz, Kesselsdorff, Klein Lahse, Klein Perschnitz, Liebenthal Linsen, Neuvorwerk and Peterwitz were reclassified from the Trebnitz district to the Militsch district.
In the following years the district was often referred to as Militsch-Trachenberg; the names wavered.
On November 8, 1919, the Free State of Prussia dissolved the Province of Silesia and formed the new Province of Lower Silesia from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . After the assignment of territory as a result of the Treaty of Versailles , around 2,000 Poles lived in the province in 1925 among the 106,000 inhabitants of the Militsch, Groß Wartenberg and Namslau districts . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Militsch district, as in the rest of Prussia, in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Militsch district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified rule . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was again divided into the provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia.
In the spring of 1945 the Red Army occupied the district and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . This drove the population out of the district and settled it with Poles.
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1795 | 34,457 | |
1819 | 38,318 | |
1846 | 52,413 | |
1871 | 55,802 | |
1885 | 53,995 | |
1900 | 48,454 | |
1910 | 47,679 | |
1925 | 47,656 | |
1939 | 47.134 |
District administrators
- 1742–1748 Christoph Sigismund von Lüttwitz
- 1748–1787 Ernst Wilhelm von Kessel
- 1787–1801 Gottlob Sylvius Wilhelm von Koschembahr
- 1801–1818 Sylvius von Frankenberg-Proschlitz
- 1818–1819 Ferdinand von Busse ( substitute )
- 1819–1833 Ludwig von Richthofen
- 1833–1834 von Ehrenberg ( representative )
- 1834–1861 Carl von Scheliha
- 1861–1887 Oskar von Heydebrand and the Lasa
- 1887–1895 Ernst von Heydebrand and the Lasa
- 1895–1907 Georg von Stosch
- 1907–1917 Siegfried von Grolmann
- 1917–1918 Bernhard zu Stolberg-Stolberg ( representative )
- 1918-1919 Paul Windels
- 1919–1934 Gotthard Hermann Sperling
- 1934– Hans Friedrich Le Tanneux from Saint Paul
Local constitution
The district of Militsch has been divided into the four towns of Militsch, Prausnitz, Sulau and Trachenberg, in rural communities and in manor districts since the 19th century . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
Communities
In the 1920s, the Militsch district comprised four towns and 130 rural communities:
|
|
|
|
The uninhabited forestry district Donnerswalde also belonged to the district.
- Incorporation until 1939
|
|
Place names
In the interwar period , especially in 1936 and 1937, a large number of parishes in the Militsch district were renamed:
|
|
|
literature
- OL Goedsche: History and statistics of the Militsch-Trachenberger circle . FW Lachmann, Militsch 1847 ( digitized version ).
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd Edition. Volume 2. Berlin 1874, p. 188, item 1.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 38–49 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
Web links
- Militsch district. genealogienetz.de
- Genealogical documents and personal data on the Militsch district. Militsch.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
- ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- ^ Description of the Militsch-Trachenberg district from 1792
- ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- ↑ a b c d e Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Text archive - Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 37 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 86 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ↑ a b c gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. militsch.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b Landkreis Militsch administrative history and district list on territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 27, 2013.