List of the Landgraves of Hesse

The Landgraves of Hesse ruled the County of Hesse from 1247 to 1830.

The Landgraves (1247 to 1567)

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Heinrich I * June 24, 1244 † December 21, 1308	01247-1308	First Landgrave of Hesse. In 1247 his mother Sophie von Brabant proclaimed heir to the Ludowingians, who died out in the male line, and in 1263, after a long war of succession, recognized as ruler in Lower and Upper Hesse. Founder of the House of Hesse .	House of Lorraine-Brabant
2.	Johann I , of Niederhessen † 1311	01308-1311	Son of Heinrich I and Mechthild von Cleve; after his father's division of the estate from 1308 to 1311, Landgrave of Niederhessen. Territorial disputes with Margrave Friedrich I of Meißen after the German King and later Emperor Heinrich VII granted the ruling half-brother Otto of Kassel to protect Goslar, Mühlhausen and Nordhausen. Johann died of the plague in Kassel in 1311, like his wife Adelheid von Braunschweig-Lüneburg.	House of Hessen
3.	Otto I * around 1272 † 1328	01308-1328	Otto I was the son of Heinrich I and after his death in 1308 took over the rule of Upper Hesse. His half-brother Johann I received Niederhessen. When he died in 1311, Otto I took over government there too. After his death in January 1328 he was buried in the Ahnaberg monastery .	House of Hessen
4th	Heinrich II. * Before 1302 † June 3, 1376	01328-1376	Heinrich II., Also called "Der Eiserne", was the son of Otto I. After he had been co-regent from 1320/21, he took over the rule himself in 1328. He ruled until his death in 1376. In 1321 he married Elisabeth of Thuringia and had five children with her. After his death in 1376 he was buried in the Elisabeth Church in Marburg .	House of Hessen
5.	Hermann II. * Around 1341 † June 10, 1413	01376-1413	Hermann II was the second son of Ludwig the Junker and his wife Elisabeth. Initially, he was intended for a career in the church. But after the death of the actual heir to the throne , Heinrich II appointed him co-regent in 1367. The star war emptied the coffers of Hesse, whereupon Hermann issued a new tax and thus drew the resentment of the population. It was not until 1378 that the balance was reached. In 1384 Hermann passed a new constitution, whereby Kassel lost its independence. The citizens of Kassel turned to Balthasar von Thuringia , who went to war against Hermann with allies, which could not be settled until 1400.	House of Hessen
6th	Ludwig I * February 6, 1402 † January 17, 1458	01413-1458	Ludwig I of Hesse was born in 1402 as the son of Landgrave Hermann II of Hesse. His mother, Margarethe, was the daughter of the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich V. After the death of his father, Ludwig took over the title of landgrave. During his reign in 1421 all craftsmen's guilds received new guild letters, which guaranteed them previously unknown freedoms and rights.	House of Hessen
7th	Ludwig II. , Of Niederhessen * September 7, 1438 † November 8, 1471	01458-1471	Ludwig II, also known as the Franklin, was the Landgrave of Niederhessen. His father Ludwig I divided the Landgraviate of Hesse into Lower Hesse and Upper Hesse, with Ludwig II ruling the former and his younger brother Heinrich III. the latter. War broke out between the two brothers because of the unclear borders ( Hessian Brotherly War ). Ludwig II died shortly after a hunting trip at Reichenbach Castle and was buried in the Elisabeth Church in Marburg. It was later suspected that he died of a poison attack.	House of Hessen
8th.	Henry III. , from Upper Hesse * October 15, 1440 or 1441 † January 13, 1483	01458-1483	Second son of Ludwig I and Anna of Saxony . After the death of Ludwig I, Heinrich III inherited. the Landgrave of Upper Hesse, his brother Ludwig II. became Landgrave of Lower Hesse. Since there was no binding inheritance regulation, a dispute arose between the brothers, which culminated in the Hessian fratricidal war in 1469. After Ludwig II's death in 1471, Heinrich III ruled. until his death over Lower and Upper Hesse.	House of Hessen
9.	Wilhelm I , of Niederhessen * July 4, 1466 † February 8, 1515	01471-1493	Successor of his uncle Heinrich III. von Oberhessen from 1483 after he died. In 1488 he married Anna von Braunschweig ; 5 daughters were born from the marriage. He probably fell ill with syphilis on a pilgrimage to Palestine from 1491 to 1492 and therefore left the government to his brother Wilhelm II . In 1515 he died in his residence, Schloss Spangenberg . His parents were Ludwig the Franklin (1438–1471) and Mechthild, daughter of Count Ludwig I of Württemberg . He was the uncle of Philip the Magnanimous and a great-uncle of the 10th degree of the later Emperor Wilhelm I of Prussia .	House of Hessen
10.	Wilhelm II. * April 29, 1469 † July 11, 1509	01493-1509	von Niederhessen from 1493, von Ober- and Niederhessen from 1500 Wilhelm was the second son of Landgrave Ludwig the Franklin and his wife Mechthild. Wilhelm was initially destined for a spiritual career, but during his training he discovered his inclination for the arms trade. He was a good friend of the German king and later emperor Maximilian . After the death of his childless cousin Wilhelm III, "the Younger" in 1500, Wilhelm united the entire Landgraviate of Hesse in his hand.	House of Hessen
11.	William III. von Oberhessen * September 8, 1471 † February 17, 1500	01483-1500	Son of landgrave Heinrich III. and Anna von Katzenelnbogen . He ruled from Marburg over the partial Landgraviate of Upper Hesse. When Heinrich III. He died in 1483 when he was still a minor and thus his uncle Hermann, the archbishop of Cologne, and the court master Hans von Dörnburg were his guardian until 1489. Due to the high income of his partial county, he was able to acquire parts of the dominion of Eppstein in 1492 and of Klingenberg in 1493. In 1498 he married Elisabeth , the daughter of Philip of the Palatinate . He died in a hunting accident in 1500, where he fell from his horse and left no offspring.	House of Hessen
12.	Philip the Magnanimous * November 13, 1504 † March 31, 1567	01509-1567	The introduction of the Reformation in Hesse, the founding of the University of Marburg and an important political role of the Landgraviate within the Holy Roman Empire are connected with his rule . After the defeat in the Schmalkaldic War, he was a prisoner of the emperor for five years. Is considered the most important of the Hessian landgraves.	House of Hessen

Hessen-Marburg (1567 to 1604)

→ See: Hessen-Marburg

The "Land an der Lahn", later Upper Hesse, had already been an independent Landgraviate, which was separated from Lower Hesse, twice: in 1308 the sons of the first Hessian Landgrave Heinrich I shared the inheritance, Otto I had become Landgrave of Upper Hesse in Marburg, his half-brother Johann had ruled as Landgrave of Niederhessen in Kassel. After Johann's death in 1311, however, both parts of the country were reunited in Otto's hands. In 1458, Hesse was again divided into two parts under the sons of Ludwig I, Ludwig II and Heinrich III. Ludwig II ruled in Lower Hesse, his brother Heinrich III. in Upper Hesse. After the heirless death of Heinrich III. only surviving son Wilhelm III. Both areas came back into one hand around 1500 under Ludwig II's son Wilhelm II.

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Ludwig IV. * May 27, 1537 in Kassel † October 9, 1604 in Marburg	01567-1604	Son of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse from his marriage to Christine of Saxony . After the death of Philip I, Ludwig received Hesse-Marburg. This area corresponded to about a quarter of the previous Landgraviate of Hesse and included Upper Hesse with Marburg and the Gießen fortress . Since he had no heirs himself, he decreed in 1597 that his two nephews - Moritz von Hessen-Kassel and Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt - should get Hessen-Marburg. Due to this will, Hessen-Marburg was divided.	House of Hessen

Hessen-Rheinfels (1567 to 1583)

→ See: Hessen-Rheinfels

After the death of Philip I in 1567, the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided among the sons, with Philip II receiving Hesse-Rheinfels. In 1583 Philip II died childless, so that the Landgraviate of Hesse-Rheinfels was divided up and fell to Hesse-Kassel , Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt .

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Philip II (Hessen-Rheinfels) * April 22, 1541 Marburg † November 20, 1583 Rheinfels Castle	01567-1583	Son of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Christine of Saxony . At the age of eleven, he was sent hostage to the court of the French King Henry II , where he spent some time. After the death of his father in 1567 , Philip II became the first landgrave of the Hesse-Rheinfels, which arose in the comparison of four brothers. In 1569 he married Anna Elisabeth von Pfalz-Simmern , but the marriage remained childless. After his death on November 20, 1583, Hessen-Rheinfels fell to his brothers. His tomb is in the collegiate church of St. Goar .	House of Hessen

Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1568 to 1830)

→ See: Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Georg I * September 10, 1547 in Kassel † February 7, 1596 in Darmstadt	01568-1596	Son of Philip I of Hesse and Christine of Saxony . Also Gregor the Pious . He inherits one eighth of the Landgraviate of Hesse (Hessen-Darmstadt) from his father, as a result initiates the expansion of Darmstadt into a royal seat. He introduced compulsory schooling as the basis for spreading the Reformation faith and promoted Darmstadt's economic boom. He also sets up elements of a social system. Hunts of witches are more widespread under his rule than in other Hessian areas.
2.	Ludwig V * September 24, 1577 in Darmstadt † July 27, 1626 near Rheinfels	01596-1626	From 1527 Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. After the death of Ludwig IV (Hessen-Marburg) , he laid claim to the area of ​​Hessen-Marburg. He justified these claims with the conversion of Landgrave Moritz (Hessen-Kassel) to Calvinism. During the Thirty Years War there was therefore a military conflict between the two lines of the House of Hesse. In 1605 he founded the illustrious high school in Giessen .	Hessen-Darmstadt
3.	Georg II. * March 17, 1605 in Darmstadt † June 11, 1661 ibid	01626-1661	After the death of his father in captivity, he became Landgrave of Hessen Darmstadt in 1626. In the further course of the Thirty Years War he was the only Protestant prince to be neutral. In the last phase of the Hessian War he lost against the Hessen-Kassel line, which led to the division of Upper Hesse. After the war he tried to rebuild his country. At the end of his life he broke off the policy that was friendly to the emperor and joined the Rhenish Confederation .	Hessen-Darmstadt
4th	Louis VI. * January 25, 1630 Darmstadt † April 24, 1678 in Gotha	01661-1678	Son of George II and grandson of Johann Georg I of Saxony , became Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt in 1661 and a member of the Fruit-Bringing Society . There he met Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha and in 1666 married his sister Elisabeth Dorothea . He expanded the Darmstadt Court Library by purchasing large collections and had the bell tower of Darmstadt Castle built.	Hessen-Darmstadt
5.	Ludwig VII. * June 22, 1658 in Darmstadt † August 31, 1678 in Gotha	01678	Ludwig VII. Was the son of Landgrave Ludwig VI. (1630–1678) from his first marriage to Maria Elisabeth (1634–1665), daughter of Friedrich III. from Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. After the death of his father Ludwig VI. on April 24, 1678, Ludwig VII became Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt. He ruled for only 18 weeks and 4 days and died on August 31, 1678 as a result of a dysentery infection in Gotha. Since his younger brother Friedrich had died in 1676, Ludwig's half-brother Ernst Ludwig followed in Hesse-Darmstadt.	Hessen-Darmstadt
6th	Ernst Ludwig * December 15, 1667 in Gotha † September 12, 1739 in Einhausen	01678-1739	Ernst Ludwig was one of the children of Landgrave Ludwig VI. von Hessen-Darmstadt and Elisabeth Dorothea, whose father was Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha. Only after the death of his older brother Ludwig VII, who succeeded Ludwig VI. Ernst Ludwig succeeded him, but died shortly after taking office. Forced by the war with France in 1688, he had to leave Darmstadt and move to Nidda and Gießen for 10 years. After this time, Ernst Ludwig introduced absolutism in Hessen-Darmstadt.	Hessen-Darmstadt
7th	Ludwig VIII * April 5, 1691 in Darmstadt † October 17, 1768 in Darmstadt	01739-1768	Ludwig was the first child of Ernst Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt and his wife Dorothea Charlotte. Through the marriage in 1717 of the daughter of Count Johann Reinhard III. von Hanau, Charlotte von Hanau , Ludwig received the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg as a dowry. In the Seven Years' War Ludwig fought on the side of Emperor Joseph II, whom he also met personally at Heusenstamm in 1764, and assumed the rank of General Field Marshal. There were also battles near Giessen and Upper Hesse.	Hessen-Darmstadt
8th.	Louis IX * December 15, 1719 in Darmstadt † April 6, 1790 in Pirmasens	01768-1790	Louis IX is the founder of the city of Pirmasens and great-grandfather of the later Emperor Wilhelm I of Prussia . He was the eldest son of Landgrave Ludwig VIII of Hessen-Darmstadt (1691–1768) and Charlotte von Hanau (1700–1726), daughter and heiress of Count Johann Reinhard III. from Hanau . In 1741 he was declared of legal age and took over the government as Count von Hanau-Lichtenberg. He was a militarist and therefore entered Prussian service and also took part in the War of the Austrian Succession on the French side. In 1768 he followed his father to the government of Hessen-Darmstadt. His expansion of the army laid the foundation for the later power position of Hessen-Darmstadt in the Napoleonic wars.	Hessen-Darmstadt
9.	Ludwig X. * June 14, 1753 in Prenzlau † April 6, 1830 in Darmstadt	01790-1830	Ludwig I of Hesse-Darmstadt was first from April 6, 1790 as Ludwig X. ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, with the accession of his state to the Rhine Confederation from August 14, 1806 as Ludewig I Grand Duke of Hesse and from 7. July 1816 Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine. The Rheinhessen town of Ludwigshöhe , which was rebuilt between 1822 and 1830 after being relocated, is named after Ludwig , as is Ludwigstrasse in the capital of the province of Rheinhessen, Mainz, which was granted to it. The Hessendenkmal Finthen commemorates his participation in the siege of Mainz (1793) .	Hessen-Darmstadt

Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel (1568 to 1866)

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Wilhelm IV the Wise * June 24, 1532 in Kassel † August 25, 1592 in Kassel	01568-1592	Was the eldest son of Philip I of Hessen and his wife Christina of Saxony and founder of the Hessen-Kassel line. During the Schmalkaldic War he was sent to Strasbourg and lived in the house of Johann Winter von Andernach , where he continued his education. In 1547 he returned to Kassel and, together with his mother, was entrusted with the business of government by his father, who then went into captivity of the emperor . After Philip's return, the campaign against the Kaiser and the Treaty of Passau, Wilhelm continued to be involved in government affairs. On February 11, 1566, he married Sabine von Württemberg in Marburg. On April 4, 1562, the Landgraviate was divided and Wilhelm received Niederhessen, with his residence in Kassel, the Hessian part of Schmalkalden and a large part of the former County of Ziegenhain .	Hessen-Kassel
2.	Moritz the Scholar * May 25, 1572 in Kassel † March 15, 1632 in Eschwege	01592-1627	Transferred a quarter ( Rotenburger Quart ) of the country to the sons of his second wife, who thereby established the Landgrave's subsidiary lines Hessen-Rotenburg , Hessen-Wanfried and Hessen-Rheinfels (younger line).	Hessen-Kassel
3.	Wilhelm V the Steadfast * February 14, 1602 in Kassel † September 21, 1637 in Leer	01627-1637	Wilhelm V was the youngest son of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel and his first wife Agnes zu Solms-Laubach . He managed to stabilize the battered economy of his country and to overcome the consequences of the tipper and wipper era through a currency reform . In the Thirty Years War he allied himself with King Gustav Adolf of Sweden . In June 1631 he was able to drive the imperial troops out of Hesse. Shortly afterwards, his ally Gustav Adolf awarded him the Fulda , Hersfeld and Paderborn monasteries , the Münster diocese and the Corvey monastery . When the King of Sweden fell in 1632, the alliance broke up. Wilhelm did not participate in the Peace of Prague of 1635 , but concluded an alliance with France. Thereupon he fell under the imperial ban . Imperial troops advanced into Hesse and devastated the country. Wilhelm had to flee with his family and died two years later in exile.	Hessen-Kassel
4th	William VI. * May 23, 1629 in Kassel † July 16, 1663 in Haina	01637-1663	After the death of Wilhelm V, his mother Amalie Elisabeth took over the regency as guardian. On September 25, 1650, the Landgravine handed over the office to the adult son.
5.	Wilhelm VII. * June 21, 1651 in Kassel † November 21, 1670 in Paris	01663-1670	After the death of Wilhelm VI. his widow Hedwig Sophie ruled the country until their sons Wilhelm and Karl came of age . Wilhelm died before he took over government and was inherited by his brother Karl.
6th	Karl * August 3, 1654 in Kassel † March 23, 1730 Kassel	01670-1730	Initially, his mother ruled as guardian for five years.
7th	Friedrich I. * April 17th Jul. / April 27,  1676 greg. in Kassel † March 25th July / April 5,  1751 greg. in Stockholm	01730-1751	King of Sweden since 1720 ; de facto, therefore, his younger brother, Wilhelm VIII rules.
8th.	Wilhelm VIII. * March 10, 1682 in Kassel † February 1, 1760 in Rinteln	01751-1760	Ruled from 1730 as governor of his brother Friedrich , who had been King of Sweden from 1720 . After his death in 1751, Wilhelm officially became landgrave. After his son Friedrich converted to Catholicism, he created the insurance file . In the Seven Years' War important ally of Prussia .	Hessen-Kassel
9.	Friedrich II. * August 14, 1720 in Kassel † October 31, 1785 in Weißenstein Castle, Kassel	01760-1785	Converted secretly to the Catholic faith. Enlarged the army considerably and let England fight 12,000 men against the North American colonies for subsidy payments from 1776 to 1784.
10.	Wilhelm IX./I. * June 3, 1743 in Kassel † February 27, 1821 ibid	01785-1821	When Wilhelm IX. from 1760 Count von Hanau , from 1764 regent there, from 1785 ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and from 1803, now as Wilhelm I , there elector due to the Reich Deputation Committee . From 1806 to 1814 had to give way to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. He was considered one of the richest German princes of his time. He built the Löwenburg between 1793 and 1801 and had the Wilhelmshöhe mountain park expanded.	Hessen-Kassel
11.	Wilhelm II. * July 28, 1777 in Hanau † November 20, 1847 in Frankfurt am Main	01821-1847	Was the son of Wilhelm I of Hessen-Kassel and his wife Princess Wilhelmine Karoline of Denmark and Norway . He studied in Marburg and Leipzig and in 1797 married Princess Auguste , daughter of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II. In 1806 Wilhelm followed his father into exile. He fought in the Prussian army at the Battle of Leipzig . In 1830 he convened the estates , which in 1831 issued a very progressive constitution. When unrest broke out in the country, he fled to Hanau, left government business to his son Friedrich Wilhelm and never returned to Kassel.	Hessen-Kassel
12.	Friedrich Wilhelm * August 20, 1802 in Philippsruhe Palace near Hanau † January 6, 1875 in Prague	01847-1866	He ruled for his father from 1831 and went into exile after the Prussian annexation in 1866. He died there in 1875 without leaving an heir entitled to the throne.

Landgrave of Hessen-Wanfried (1627–1778)

→ See: Hessen-Wanfried

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Friedrich von Hessen * May 9, 1617 in Kassel † September 24, 1655 in Costian (?) Near Posen	01632-1655	As the son of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel , he received Hessen-Eschwege on the basis of a decree from his father. At the instigation of his second wife Juliane von Nassau-Dillenburg , Moritz decided that the so-called "Rotenburger Quart" should be left to his sons from this second marriage. Friedrich was Major General in the Swedish Lord during the Thirty Years War . He contributed significantly to the reconstruction of Eschweges after this.	House of Hessen
2.	Ernst von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg * December 8, 1623 in Kassel † May 2, 1693 in Cologne	01649-1693	Son of Moritz von Hessen-Kassel and Juliane von Nassau-Dillenburg and one of the great-grandchildren of Philip I, the magnanimous. From 1649 Landgrave of Hessen-Rheinfels and from 1658 of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg. Ernst had Rheinfels Castle near the town of St. Goar expanded into a fortress. From 1676 he was sovereign of the Gesamtquart / Hessen-Rotenburg .
3.	Karl von Hessen-Wanfried * July 19, 1649 at Rheinfels Castle † March 3, 1711 in Schwalbach	01693-1711	Second son of Landgrave Ernst and Maria Eleonore von Solms-Lich. As sovereign Hessen-Wanfried 1667–1711, he pledged the residential palace in Eschwege to Braunschweig-Bevern in 1667 and built the palace in Wanfried into a new residence (from 1693 sovereign of Hessen-Rheinfels).
4th	Wilhelm (the younger) von Hessen-Wanfried * August 25, 1671 in Langenschwalbach † April 1, 1731 in Paris (also burial)	01711-1731	Son of Landgrave Karl and his first wife Sophie Magdalene von Salm-Reifferscheid. Landgrave of Hessen-Wanfried and Landgrave of Hessen-Rheinfels (Hessen-Wanfried-Rheinfels). On September 19, 1719, the Kaiser arranged a wedding between 48-year-old Wilhelm and Ernestine Theodora , daughter of Duke Theodor Eustach von Pfalz-Sulzbach ; nevertheless Wilhelm remained childless.
5.	Christian von Hessen-Wanfried * July 17, 1689 in Wanfried † October 21, 1755 in Eschwege	0	Son of Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Wanfried and Alexandrine Juliane von Leiningen-Dagsburg. In 1711 he inherited the Landgraviate of Hessen-Wanfried. His half-brother Wilhelm also tried to assert his claim. The dispute over the inheritance was settled by Christian resigning his claim to the Landgraviate and receiving the residential palace in Eschwege instead . In 1731 he inherited the Landgraviates of Hessen-Wanfried and Hessen-Rheinfels and was sovereign there until his death in 1755. When he died, the Hessen-Wanfried branch line ended.
6th	Konstantin von Hessen-Rotenburg * May 24, 1716 in Rotenburg † December 30, 1778 at Wildeck Castle	0	1755–1778 sovereign of the Gesamtquartier

In the period that followed, the area belonged to the Hessen-Rotenburg district until 1834 and then to Hessen-Kassel.

Landgrave of Hesse- (Rheinfels-) Rotenburg (1627–1834)

→ See: Hessen-Rheinfels

No.	Name (life data)	Domination	Remarks	origin	presentation
1.	Hermann , Landgrave of Hessen-Rotenburg * August 15, 1607 in Kassel † March 25, 1658 in Rotenburg an der Fulda	01627-1658	Hermann von Hessen-Rotenburg was Landgrave of the partially independent Landgraviate of Hessen-Rotenburg. He was the fourth son of Landgrave Moritz von Hessen-Kassel and his second wife Juliane von Nassau-Dillenburg . With the establishment of the Rotenburger Quart in 1627, Landgrave Hermann in Rotenburg took over the regency. In his first marriage he was married to Sophie Juliane von Waldeck († 1637) from 1634, and his second marriage from 1642 to Juliane Kunigunde von Anhalt. Both marriages remained childless. He was a recognized researcher of his time in the fields of meteorology, mathematics, astronomy and geography. His Incidental Cosmographic Description of the Lower Duchy of Hesse from 1641 is one of the Hessian standard works of regional studies. After gaining further territories in 1648, the Hermanns brothers, who had meanwhile grown up, were also appointed ruling princes in parts of the Rotenburg quarter according to the law of inheritance distribution . In 1655 Hesse-Eschwege fell to Ernst after the death of the heirless Friedrich , and in 1658 Ernst also inherited the Rotenburg part after the death of his childless brother Hermann. In 1658 Hessen-Rotenburg fell to the Hessen-Rheinfels line .	comes from the house of Hessen-Kassel
2.	Ernst I. * December 8, 1623 in Kassel † May 2, 1693 in Cologne	01658-1693	Landgrave of Hessen-Rheinfels since 1649 and Landgrave of Hessen-Eschwege since 1655
3.	Wilhelm I the Elder * May 15, 1648 in Kassel † November 20, 1725 in Langenschwalbach	01693-1725	Wilhelm I was a son of Landgrave Ernst I of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg . After the death of his father in 1693, he inherited part of the Rotenburg quarters along with Rotenburg and Rheinfels , while his brother Karl had already received Hessen-Eschwege in 1667 . After his death in 1725 he was followed by his son Ernst II. Leopold .	Hessen-Rheinfels
4th	Ernst II. Leopold * June 15, 1684 in Langenschwalbach † November 29, 1749 in Rotenburg an der Fulda	01725-1749	Ernst II. Leopold von Hessen-Rotenburg was the eldest son of Wilhelm I the Elder of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg and Marie Anna, nee. Countess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort . With a Jewish cemetery and a Jewish school, he laid the foundation stone for the Jewish community in Rotenburg. During his tenure, the court had a more peaceful dealings with Hessen-Kassel and the quarters and tightened the administration of the Rotenburger Quart .
5.	Konstantin * May 24, 1716 in Rotenburg † December 30, 1778 at Wildeck Castle	01749-1778	Son of Ernst II. Leopold and Eleonore Maria Anna von Löwenstein-Wertheim During his reign, the part of Hessen-Warnfried fell back to Hessen-Rotenburg, so that the Rotenburger Quart was reunited. His son Karl Konstantin , known as "Citoyen Hesse", was a general in the French army.	Hessen-Rheinfels
6th	Karl Emanuel * June 5, 1746 in Langenschwalbach † March 23, 1812 in Frankfurt a. M.	01778-1812	Karl Emanuel was the son of Landgrave Konstantin von Hessen-Rotenburg and his wife Countess Sophie von Starhemberg. In the course of his military service in the Imperial Austrian Army, he advanced from colonel to general in the years 1757–1778. In 1778 he replaced his father Constantine as ruler of Hessen-Rotenburg. During his reign, Electoral Hesse was also occupied by Napoleon.	Hessen-Rheinfels
7th	Viktor Amadeus * September 2, 1779, Rotenburg † November 12, 1834 Zembowitz	01812-1834	Victor Amadeus was the last Landgrave of Hessen-Rotenburg because he remained childless despite 3 marriages. The Rotenburger Quant fell back to Hessen-Kassel. His other titles and possessions (from 1815 Prince of Corvey, from 1821 Duke of Ratibor) inherited his nephew Victor zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst .	Hessen-Rheinfels

See: Stammliste des Haus Hessen See: Haus Hessen

literature

• Eckhart G. Franz : The House of Hesse. A European family. Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018919-0 .
• Hans-Günther Kittelmann: Small guide through the Rotenburger Quart and the Princely House of Hessen-Rotenburg. Rotenburg an der Fulda 2002.
• Eckhart G. Franz (Ed.): House of Hesse. Biographical Lexicon (= work of the Hess. Hist. Commission NF 37), Darmstadt 2012.
• Manfred Knodt : The regents of Hessen-Darmstadt. Darmstadt 1976.

Web links

Commons : Grand Duchy of Hesse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Walter Heinemeyer: Hermann II. The learned . In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, p. 633 f.
2. ↑ Pauline Puppel: The Regent. Guardian rule in Hesse 1500–1700 , Frankfurt / Main 2004, ISBN 3-593-37480-3
3. ↑ Dietrich von Schachten : In God's name we go .... The pilgrimages of Landgrave Wilhelm the Elder of Hesse to the holy land. Heimatschollen-Verlag A. Bernecker, Melsungen 1925. Series Hessen-Nassauische Bücherei.
4. ^ Rajah Schepers: Regent by coup? Landgravine Anna von Hessen (1485–1525), Helmer 2007, ISBN 3-89741-227-6
5. ^ Reimer:  Wilhelm I. (Landgrave of Hesse) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, p. 27 f.
6. ^ Reimer:  Wilhelm II. (Landgrave of Hesse) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 28-31.
7. ^ Reimer: Wilhelm III. (Landgrave of Upper Hesse). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, p. 31 f.
8. ^ Walther: Georg I :, Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, p. 673 f.
9. ^ Philipp Walther: Georg II. (Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, pp. 674-677.
10. ^ Heinrich Künzel: The life and correspondence of Landgrave Georg von Hessen-Darmstadt [...]. Friedberg and London 1859, p. 3
11. ^ Robert Eitner: Biographical-bibliographical source lexicon of musicians and music scholars of the Christian era up to the middle of the nineteenth century. Volume 6, La — Milleville, Barnaba, Breitkopf & Haertel, Leipzig, 1902, p. 239.
12. ^ Carl Eduard Vehse: History of the German courts since the Reformation . Volume 27. Hamburg 1853, p. 369 ff. ( Digitized version )
13. ^ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther:  Ludwig IX., Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, p. 550 f.
14. ^ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Darmstädter Antiquarius . Darmstadt 1857, p. 237 ff. ( Digitized version )
15. ^ Jürgen Rainer Wolf:  Ludwig IX. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , pp. 392-394 ( digitized version ).
16. ↑ Jürgen Rainer Wolf: "Soldier Landgrave" and "Great Landgrave". A ruling couple in the history of Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Fürstenhof and scholarly republic. Hessian résumés of the 18th century = Small writings on Hessian cultural studies 5. Ed .: Hessian State Center for Political Education , pp. 18-25.
17. ^ Walther Ribbeck:  Wilhelm IV. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 32-39.
18. ^ Johannes Kretzschmar:  Wilhelm V, Landgrave of Hesse . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 39-54.
19. ^ Herman von Petersdoff:  Wilhelm II, Elector of Hesse . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, pp. 75-79.
20. ↑ Hans-Günter Kittelmann: Small guide through the Rotenburger Quart 1627-1834 and the Princely House of Hessen-Rotenburg. History Association Altkreis Rotenburg, ISBN 3-00-010155-1 .
21. ^ History Association Rotenburg - Family Hessen-Rotenburg