Nieder-Weisel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nieder-Weisel
City of Butzbach
Nieder-Weisel coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 55 "  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 56"  E
Height : 176 m above sea level NHN
Area : 17.02 km²
Residents : 3419  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 201 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 35510
Area code : 06033
Aerial photograph (2007)
Aerial photograph (2007)

Nieder-Weisel is a district of Butzbach in the Hessian Wetteraukreis , Hesse at the northeastern transition of the Taunus to the Wetterau .

Geographical location

Nieder-Weisel (179 m above sea level ) is located south of Butzbach in the Wetterau in Hesse. To the west is the district of Hoch-Weisel at 252 m above sea level. NN considerably higher. In the east it is by the motorway A5 from Frankfurt towards Kassel limited. To the south lies Ober-Mörlen . The forest settlement, which geographically borders directly on the urban area of ​​Butzbach, belongs to Nieder-Weisel.

history

Tower of the village church in Nieder-Weisel

Nieder-Weisel has been an almost uninterrupted settlement area since the Neolithic. Today's place was built around the 6th and 7th centuries. Nieder-Weisel was probably first mentioned in a document in 772 under the name "Wizele". A separation between Nieder- and Hoch-Weisel did not take place at that time. In the 12th century Nieder-Weisel came into the possession of the Lords of Arnsburg-Munzenberg . Imperial treasurer Kuno I. von Munzenberg generously furnished the Order of St. John with goods in and around Nieder-Weisel after 1185. This led to the foundation of the Kommende in Nieder-Weisel.

The tower of the village church dates from the 12th century. This has a defensive character that is still recognizable today. The current nave was completed in the 17th century.

Komturkirche in Butzbach Nieder-Weisel from the 12th or 13th century

From around 1195 the Romanesque Komturkirche of the Order of St. John was built in Nieder-Weisel . The church can be found for the first time in 1245 in written documents about the establishment of the Coming House. The coming finally became Protestant from 1557.

In the Middle Ages, the upper floor of the two-story church was never completed, presumably because the sponsor of the coming, Kuno I, died. Around 1550, the Order of St. John increased the upper floor from its own resources. The building was only restored and completed in the 19th century after it was returned to the Order of St. John. The transitions from the old building section to the new one are clearly visible, as the completion was carried out with rubble stones, while the basement was made of hewn stones with stone carvings.

Nieder-Weisel was on the medieval wine route (Wagenstrasse) from Frankfurt-Höchst to Bremen and Lübeck . Between Höchst and Butzbach, the Weinstrasse shared its course with the trade route from Frankfurt to Eisenach, known by the long Hessians .

On May 6, 1761, 54 houses, 74 barns and 75 larger stables were victims of a fire along the road from Butzbach. People were not harmed.

Until 1809, the Order of St. John remained the owner of the Komturkirche and of agricultural land as far as Lich and Wetzlar . As part of the secularization , the Order's possessions were confiscated from the Prussian state . The estate and the church were bought by Freiherr von Wiesenhütten in 1811, and he used the ground floor of the church as a cowshed.

The expropriation of the Johanniter had considerable economic consequences for the Nieder-Weisel farmers, who until then managed the order's goods as tenants. The baron now had his estate farmed himself, and this led to a great wave of emigration. The population decreased from around 2300 in 1849 to around 1300 in 1893.

In 1864 the church was to be demolished. The Protestant pastor in Nieder-Weisel, Wilhelm Kayser, was just able to prevent the demolition in 1866.

former hospital of the Order of St. John

The Hessian cooperative of the order received the church in 1867 from the Hessian tax authorities. From 1868 Hugo von Ritgen restored them on behalf of the order. In 1869 he also bought back the former manor house. It was used as a hospital from 1870 to 1973. Today it is the religious house of the Hessian cooperative.

In the years 1851 to around 1875 over 300 families or people from Nieder-Weisel emigrated to Victoria in Australia to find work and income after the gold rush that broke out there. To commemorate the emigrants, a memorial plaque financed with donations was unveiled in the churchyard of the parish church in 2010.

On June 18, 1893 there was a devastating fire in the back street; the parish church was also damaged in this fire. As a result, the Nieder-Weisel volunteer fire brigade , which is still active today , was founded on December 28, 1893 with the support of the local government.

The synagogue , built in 1835, was desecrated and looted during the November pogroms in 1938 . The ruin was torn down and a residential building was built over it.

After the Second World War, numerous expellees were settled in Nieder-Weisel and the forest settlement was founded as a separate district, but several kilometers away from the center of Nieder-Weisel. The settlement now borders directly on the core town of Butzbach.

In 1961 the Alliance of the Order of St. John was founded in the Komturkirche in Nieder-Weisel . Members of the alliance are the Balley Brandenburg (Germany), The Most Venerable Order of St. John (Great Britain), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherlands) and Johanniterorden i Sverige (Sweden).

On December 31, 1970, in the course of the regional reform in Hesse, Nieder-Weisels was incorporated into Butzbach as a district on a voluntary basis . For Nieder-Weisel, as for all parts of the city, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was formed.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Nieder-Weisel was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus from 1806 the "Patrimonial Court of the Counts Solms-Hohensolms-Lich" in Nieder-Weisel was responsible for Nieder-Weisel. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822 the Counts of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. " Lich District Court " was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was responsible for Nieder-Weisel. The count also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution of 1848 that the special civil rights became final with the “Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled. At the beginning of 1837 Nieder-Weisel and Hausen-Oes were assigned to the Friedberg district court . Nieder-Weisel with Hausen-Oes was separated from the Friedberg Regional Court on July 1, 1840, and together with other communities formed the district of the newly established Butzbach Regional Court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Butzbach Local Court" and assigned to the district of the regional court of Giessen . In 2004 the Butzbach District Court was dissolved and integrated into the Friedberg District Court . Now the superordinate instances are the regional court of Giessen , the higher regional court of Frankfurt am Main and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

population

Population development

Occupied population figures are:

  • 1961: 1906 Protestant (= 78.63%), 460 Catholic (= 18.98%) inhabitants
Nieder-Weisel: Population from 1834 to 2015
year     Residents
1834
  
 1,743
1840
  
 1.916
1846
  
 2,028
1852
  
 2,291
1858
  
 2.002
1864
  
 1,298
1871
  
 1,326
1875
  
 1,289
1885
  
 1,325
1895
  
 1,342
1905
  
 1,348
1910
  
 1,451
1925
  
 1,503
1939
  
 1,579
1946
  
 2,408
1950
  
 2,456
1956
  
 2,301
1961
  
 2,424
1967
  
 2,496
1970
  
 2,562
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2008
  
 2,514
2010
  
 2,373
2015
  
 2,353
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; after 1970: City of Butzbach

Religions

Until 1938 there was a Jewish community in Nieder-Weisel in addition to the Protestant community, whose synagogue was located at Weingartenstrasse 1 from 1835 onwards. The Jewish population accounted for up to 6%. After the Second World War, the proportion of Catholic residents increased due to the influx of refugees. There is no separate Catholic parish.

politics

coat of arms

Nieder-Weisel coat of arms
 Blazon : "Divided by gold and red, above the growing red-armored blue Solms lion, below the silver St. John's Cross ."

The seal of the AMT NIEDER WEISL of the 17th century shows the crowned Solmese lion in the round, shingled seal field as a sign of the local rule at that time. Since this seal image cannot be used as a local coat of arms, the growing Solmsian lion has been united with the Johanniterkreuz, since the place became the seat of a Johanniterkommende before 1245 and the church, which was remitted to the Johanniterorden in 1869 , is still the seat of the newly founded order today.

The coat of arms was officially approved on September 24, 1953.

Local advisory board

In the local elections on March 27, 2011, the distribution of seats was as follows:

Parties Seats
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 2
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 2
FDP Free Democratic Party 1
total 5

The head of the village is Norbert Kartmann from the CDU.

Culture and sights

Buildings

12th to 13th centuries

Evangelical parish church

The main features of the tower of the fortified church probably come from the first half of the 12th century. The spire was put on around 1655. Today's nave was built between 1545 and 1613, partly using Romanesque structures. The interior is believed to date from the first half of the 17th century.

Komturkirche Nieder-Weisel the Coming Nieder-Weisel of the Order of St. John

Romanesque two-storey church with an eastern semicircular apse and two apses in the side aisles. The dating of the building is not completely clear. The building was probably built from the middle of the 12th century or in the 13th century. The hospital room on the upper floor remained unfinished and was completed in the 16th century with a flat ceiling on wooden beams. From 1868 the Komturkirche was restored by Hugo von Ritgen .

14th to 18th century

Old Town Hall

The old town hall at Butzbacher Straße 2 dates from 1555. Rebuilt in 1860, the schoolhouse was added at right angles in 1887.

Manor of the Johanniter

The mansion was built in 1780. In 1913 it was extended at an angle to meet the hospital's larger space requirements. Stylistically, the extensions have been aligned with the central building.

Half-timbered farms in the old town center

In the center of Nieder-Weisel you can still find well-preserved farms as partly plastered half-timbered buildings from the 17th to 20th centuries. The old town center is a listed building as a whole.

Nieder-Weisel military cemetery

German soldiers from defensive battles against the Americans in the area rest in this cemetery, but also many dead from western Thuringia, such as 78 dead from the battle of Struth and 47 dead from Dörna on April 7, 1945.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Street

Nieder-Weisel is located west of the federal motorway 5 at exit 13 Bad Nauheim . In the north the federal highway 3 leads past Nieder-Weisel.

Public transport

The route of the Main-Weser Railway cuts the outskirts in the west. The next stop is in neighboring Ostheim. Nieder-Weisel is part of the Rhein-Main transport association . The bus line FB-56 runs through Nieder-Weisel. This is operated by HLB Hessenbus GmbH .

education

  • The evangelical parish Nieder-Weisel runs a kindergarten.
  • The Haingrabenschule ( elementary school ) is located in Nieder-Weisel .

Sons and daughters of the place

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Nieder-Weisel, Wetterau district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of April 17, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Population of the individual city districts. In: Internet presence. City of Butzbach, archived from the original ; accessed on May 22, 2018 . (archived numbers)
  3. ^ The Nieder-Weisel-Story ( Memento from May 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ^ History of the Komturkirche ( Memento from June 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ From the Chronicle of the Voluntary Fire Brigade ( Memento from October 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ The synagogue in Nieder-Weisel near Alemannia Judaica
  7. ^ Incorporation of the communities Hoch-Weisel, Nieder-Weisel, Ostheim and Pohl-Göns into the town of Butzbach in the Friedberg district on December 10, 1970 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1970 No. 52 , p. 2447 , point 2466 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.8 MB ]).
  8. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 360 .
  9. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 103 kB) § 5. In: Website. City of Butzbach, accessed February 2019 .
  10. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 22, 439 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  15. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Part 1 . tape 2 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  16. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  17. ↑ Announcement, the allocation of the places Södel and Niederweisel with Hausen and Oes to the district and the district court Friedberg on November 30, 1836 ( Hess. Reg. Bl. P. 544 )
  18. ^ Announcement regarding the establishment of a new regional court in Butzbach on June 1, 1840 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 195–196)
  19. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  20. ^ Karl Ernst Demandt , Otto Renkhoff : Hessisches Ortswappenbuch. C. A. Starke Verlag, Glücksburg / Ostsee 1956, p. 131.
  21. ↑ Authorization to carry a coat of arms to the community Nieder-Wesel in the district Friedberg, administrative district Darmstadt from September 24, 1953 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1953 No. 41 , p. 892 , item 1163 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,4 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Local Advisory Boards as of June 2016 (PDF; 46 kB)
  23. ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Complete system Nieder-Weisel In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse
  24. ^ Website of the Rhein-Main Verkehrsverbund

Web links

Commons : Nieder-Weisel  - Collection of images