Kladno

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Kladno
Kladno coat of arms
Kladno (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Bohemia
Region : Středočeský kraj
District : Kladno
Area : 3696 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 9 '  N , 14 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '35 "  N , 14 ° 6' 19"  E
Height: 381  m nm
Residents : 69,054 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 272 01
License plate : S.
traffic
Railway connection: Prague – Chomutov
Kralupy nad Vltavou – Kladno
structure
Status: Statutory city
Districts: 6th
administration
Mayor : Milan Volf (as of 2015)
Address: nám. Starosty Pavla 44
272 52 Kladno
Municipality number: 532053
Website : www.mestokladno.cz
Location of Kladno in the Kladno district
map

Kladno (German Kladen ) is an industrial city in the Central Bohemian Region in the Czech Republic . It is located 25 km northwest of Prague and was only named a statutory city in 2000.

history

Ironworks (around 1930)

The place Kladno was mentioned for the first time in 1318. In 1561 it was raised to městys (i.e. a market town ), with which the privilege of authorizing two annual and weekly markets was connected. The coat of arms awarded to the city showed half a silver eagle and a lynx in natural colors on a blue field. The eagle was taken from the coat of arms of the then owners, the Žďárští ze Žďáru . The lynx pointed to the abundance of game in the surrounding forests.

The city remained rather insignificant until the beginning of the 19th century, it was only the discovery of hard coal in the 1820s by the miner Johann Wania that made it an industrial center. In 1830 the second public horse-drawn tram was put into operation on the European mainland between Weiche / Vejhybka near Maßhaupt (today Kladno-Výhybka), which was taken over by the Buschtěhrad Railway in 1863 and replaced by a steam train. The Lucerna coal mine was opened in 1850, and the Poldi Hütte steelworks in 1889 . In the meantime, in 1870, Kladno had also received town charter. A little later, the city's coat of arms was supplemented by the graphic symbols of mining, namely mallets and irons . The city became a center of industrialization in Bohemia and also had a very active labor movement . Many strikes and demonstrations took place here from 1918 to 1920. Around 1900 there was also the Kübeck coal mine in Kladno . A model of the shaft ("Kübeckschacht bei Kladno of the kk Priv.State-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft") of this pit is in the Sokolov Castle Museum (District Museum of the Karlovy Vary Region).

town hall

The repression in Kladno was particularly severe during the German occupation . After the drunken police sergeant major Wilhelm Kniest was killed by the two resistance fighters František Petr and Jan Smudek on the night of June 7th to 8th, 1939, martial law was imposed on the city on June 8th. 107 people were arrested, including all members of the city council and the mayor František Pavel. He committed suicide in detention on June 11 by jumping out of the window.

The murder of the population in the nearby village of Lidice became particularly well known .

In 1950 Vrapice and in 1980 Švermov were incorporated into Kladno. On August 21, 1968, Kladno was occupied by the Soviet Army as part of a military intervention as a result of the Prague Spring .

Districts

  • Dubí (oaks)
  • Kladno (Kladen) - city
  • Kročehlavy (main measure)
  • Rozdělov (Markscheid)
  • Švermov (formed in 1957 by merging Hnidousy (Nidaus) and Motyčín (Motitschin))
  • Vrapice (Rapitz)

traffic

Urban passenger transport

The urban public transport is the company ČSAD MHD Kladno as, a subsidiary Arriva performed operated which is also non-urban regional bus services. The city buses are on lines 601 to 616 (lines 608 and 615 do not exist).

Rail transport

Kladno is on the railway line 120, which goes from Prague to Rakovník , from which in Kladno the line 093 goes to Kralupy nad Vltavou .

Town twinning

education

Kladno is the location of the Faculty of Biomedical Engineering of the Czech Technical University .

Attractions

Kladno Castle
Houses in Rozdělov from 1953–1957
  • The castle was originally a fortified complex, of which the Gothic cellar vault was preserved. In the 1560s, the Lords Žďárský von Žďár built a three-wing complex in the Renaissance style, which was given its current baroque appearance from 1738–1740 under the supervision of the architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer . In the west wing there is one dedicated to St. Laurentius chapel with frescoes by JK Kolář. The castle houses the City Palace Gallery and the Kladno Local History Museum as well as a branch of the City Library. There is a bear kennel in the castle garden.
  • The town hall was built between 1897 and 1898 in the neo-Renaissance style. The gable is adorned with a triptych showing figures from the mining and metallurgical industries. It is the seat of the administration of the statutory town of Kladno.
  • The Church of the Assumption of Our Lady ( Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie ) was built at the end of the 19th century on the site of a Gothic church from the 14th century. It was built as a three-aisled basilica in the neo-Romanesque style.
  • The almost 30 m high Marian column was created by the sculptor Karl Joseph Hiernle in the years 1739–1741 based on a design by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer . The pillory used to be at this point.
  • The fountain with a figure of St. John of Nepomuk was renewed in 2003. The original from 1706 was destroyed in 1819; the remains were then in the dean's garden until a restoration in 1968
  • Kladno Brewery
  • Poldi-Muzeum
  • The guest house of the Poldi Hut ( Dům hostů Poldiny hutě , also "Poldihaus" ) on Příční ulice by Josef Hoffmann , architect of the Wiener Werkstätte , from 1903
  • Waldl ​​Monastery in the area, built according to plans by Carlo Lurago
  • Former synagogue (built 1884/85) and Jewish cemetery .

Sports

Kladno is home to the Rytíři Kladno ice hockey club and the SK Kladno football club .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Lived and worked in the place

  • Rudolf Battěk (1924–2013), sociologist, dissident and politician
  • Marie Majerová (1882–1967), prose writer, journalist, spent her youth in Kladno, in 1947 she was honored as a national artist
  • Svatopluk Karásek (* 1942), evangelical pastor, songwriter and member of parliament, worked in local mines
  • Miroslav Kárný (1919–2001), historian and Holocaust researcher
  • Jiří Kolář (1914–2002), poet and visual artist
  • Ota Pavel (1930–1973), writer, sports journalist, narrator and journalist, persecuted as a "half-breed" during the war, lived nearby and worked at times as a miner
  • Karl Wittgenstein (1847–1913), Austrian entrepreneur, founded the Poldihütte in Kladno in 1889
  • Karl Adalbert Lanna (1805–1866), Bohemian industrialist
  • Jiří Dienstbier (* 1969), son of the eponymous politician Jiří Dienstbier (1937–2011) and also a politician.

Web links

Commons : Kladno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ Antonín Profous : Místní jména v Čechách. Jejich vznik, původ, význam a změny. Volume 1-5. Česká akademie věd a umění, Prague 1947–1960.
  3. ^ History of Kladno on the homepage of the town of Kladno (Czech), accessed June 30, 2018
  4. ↑ From the Protectorate . In: Druckerei Moldavia (ed.): Agrarian Post . No. 24 . Moldavia printing works, Vienna May 17, 1939, p. 3 , col. 1 ( onb.ac.at [accessed October 15, 2018]).
  5. ↑ The murder of Kladno . Sorry from the Czech Prime Minister. In: Linzer Tages-Post . No. 131 . Linz on the Danube June 12, 1939, p. 3 , col. 1 ( onb.ac.at [accessed October 15, 2018]).
  6. ↑ MěstoKladno.cz: Partnerska města Kladna
  7. ↑ http://www.pivovarkladno.cz/pivovar/budoucnost.html  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.pivovarkladno.cz