University of Hamburg in the post-war period (1945–1951)

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Seal of the University of Hamburg

In the immediate post-war period , in the 1945 summer semester, the Hamburg University remained closed. In the winter semester 1945/46 it was reopened as the University of Hamburg . During the period in question, administrative responsibility for the university lay with the Hamburg school authorities headed by Senator Heinrich Landahl . The university officer was the Briton Mister Edwards.

Rectors

The first rector after the end of the Second World War and the collapse of the National Socialist state was the Anglist Emil Wolff , appointed by the British occupying power . He was followed by the legal scientist Rudolf Laun , the physical chemist Paul Harteck and the psychosomatic scientist Arthur Jores .

Teachers

Supporters, opponents and victims of National Socialism taught at the University of Hamburg in the first years after the end of the war: Curt Bondy and Siegfried Landshut were persecuted by National Socialism. Alfred Marchionini had lived in exile in Turkey from 1938 . Rudolf Degkwitz and Bruno Snell were among the opponents of the National Socialists. Hans Demme , Fritz Fischer and Paul Harteck were temporarily in detention or in automatic detention . Wilhelm Felgentraeger was one of the founding members of the Notverbandes the amtsverdrängten university lecturer , later Notverbandes displaced professors . The example of the literary scholar Walter A. Berendsohn testifies to the difficulty in dealing with university professors who had to give up teaching in 1933 at the University of Hamburg .

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Faculty members of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences were the anthropologist Walter Scheidt , the astronomer Otto Heckmann , the botanist Gustav Bredemann , the chemists Kurt Heyns , Hans Heinrich Schlubach and Heinrich Remy , the forest scientist Franz Heske , the geographer Albert Kolb , the mathematicians Wilhelm Blaschke , Max Deuring , Helmut Hasse , Erich Hecke , Ernst Witt and Hans Julius Zassenhaus , the meteorologist Paul Raethjen , the mineralogist Hermann Rose , the natural scientist Adolf Meyer-Abich , the physicists Erich Bagge , Rudolf Fleischmann , Pascual Jordan , Wilhelm Lenz and Heinz Raether , the Physical chemist Paul Harteck, the economic geographers Erich Otremba and Gottfried Pfeifer and the zoologists Berthold Klatt and Herbert Weidner .

Medical school

The medical faculty was taught by the surgeons Georg Ernst Konjetzny and Albert Lezius , the dermatologists Joseph Kimmig and Alfred Marchionini, the gynecologist Theodor Heynemann , the neurologists Hans Demme and Heinrich Pette , the pediatricians Rudolf Degkwitz and Karl-Heinz Schäfer , the pharmacologist Eduard Keeser , the psychiatrist Hans Bürger-Prinz , the psychosomaticist Arthur Jores, the radiologist Hermann Holthusen , the forensic doctor Erich Fritz , the social hygienist Hans Harmsen and the tropical medicine specialist Ernst Georg Nauck .

Philosophical Faculty

The lecturers at the Philosophical Faculty included the Africanist August Klingenhaben , the English scholar Emil Wolff, the classical archaeologists Gerhard Kleiner and Eugen von Mercklin , the ethnologist Franz Termer , the historians Hermann Aubin , Fritz Fischer, Paul Johansen , Walther Lammers , Hans Rudolph and Egmont Zechlin , the Indologists Ludwig Alsdorf and Walther Schubring , the art historian Wolfgang Schöne , the orientalist Bertold Spuler , the pedagogues Wilhelm Flitner , Walther Merck and Hans Wenke , the classical philologists Ulrich Knoche , Ulrich Pretzel and Bruno Snell, the philosophers Josef König and Kurt Leese as well as Kurt Stavenhagen , the phoneticians Giulio Panconcelli-Calzia and Otto von Essen , the political scientist Siegfried Landshut, the psychologist Curt Bondy, the Romanist Hellmuth Petriconi , the sinologists Wolfgang Franke and Fritz Jäger and the folklorist Walter Hävernick .

Faculty of Law and Political Science

The professors for business administration Curt Eisfeld and Hans Seischab , the legal scholars Wilhelm Felgentraeger, Rudolf Laun and Leo Raape and the economist Karl Schiller taught at the law and political science faculty.

Students

Hamburg 1947, students go to England

In the first post-war semester, 2,872 students were enrolled in the four faculties of Hamburg University : 952 (33.14%) in medicine, 812 (28.27%) in law and political science and 601 (20.92%) in philosophy Faculty. In 1945/46, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences alone had fewer admissions than the Philosophical Faculty with 506 (17.61%) students.

Between 1945 and 1950, a total of 10,565 applicants received a place at the University of Hamburg: 2,655 women and 7,910 men. The proportion of women among the total number of those admitted was 25%.

At the time of enrollment between 1945 and 1950, an average of 83% (8742) of the students were single . 14% (1428) were married .

The majority of the students, 83% (8797), belonged to the Protestant Church , the second largest part, 9% (935), to the Catholic Church .

39% (4091) of the students were born in Hamburg or in the areas that were incorporated into the Greater Hamburg Law in 1937/38 . 28% (2936) came from the areas of flight and displacement .

30% (3251) of the students stated that their father had attended a university. 12% (1293) answered yes to the question about their grandfather going to university.

Those enrolled at the University of Hamburg in the post-war period included Conrad Ahlers , Hans-Christian Albrecht , Burchard Franck , Günter Harte , Helmuth Kern , Jürgen Ponto , Horst Sanmann , Helmut Schmidt and Peter Weinert. Weinert was one of the founding members of the German Committee of the World University Service , which was established in 1950 .

Membership in national socialist organizations

From 1945 to 1950, students who had already studied at Hamburg University during National Socialism registered in 1984. For these, information can be given regarding their membership in National Socialist organizations : More than 60% of the aforementioned 1984 were demonstrably members of at least one National Socialist organization.

Student representation

On May 15, 1945, about 20 students formed a representation who had already been enrolled during the Nazi era. In August 1945 this was recognized by the British occupying forces. At the same time, the occupying power gave the order to prepare democratic elections for representation. Elections were made in Hamburg at the end of 1946. The first student representation to be elected was called the Central Committee of the Student Associations in Hamburg or the Central Committee of the Hamburg Student Union . One of the initiators of the so-called ZA was Hoimar von Ditfurth . In the spring of 1947 the name of the General Student Committee (AStA) of the University of Hamburg was adopted. AStA chairmen were u. a. Ernst-Georg Pantel and Ingeborg Retzlaff .

Student Associations

In 1948 the following student associations existed at Hamburg University:

  • Political groups ( Socialist German Student Union , Liberal Student Group Hamburg, Communist Student Group Hamburg, Student Working Group for International Law and Peace Policy , International Student Working Group of Opponents of War (IAK) - University Group Hamburg),
  • Christian groups ( Protestant student community , Catholic student community , SMD Hamburg ),
  • so-called foreigner clubs (international student association at the University of Hamburg (association of foreign students at the University of Hamburg)),
  • Associations similar to those (Student Club "Hansea", Catholic Student Association "Albingia", Scientific Catholic Student Association Petrus Canisius ),
  • Cultural groups (Hamburger Studentenbühne) and
  • other associations (Hamburg Academic Club, student union).

Historical club

At the end of 1949, students founded the so-called Historians Club, which was renamed the Historischer Club in 1951 . Its members made it their task to give assistance to new students. Lectures and discussion events carried out or attended jointly by club members, as well as excursions, should help create a sense of community. We also kept in touch with exmatriculated students of history . The club established in the post-war period existed until 1969.

Hamburg Academic Review

The first student magazine to be licensed in the British occupation zone was the Hamburger Akademische Rundschau . On June 6, 1946, the German studies student Karl Ludwig Schneider , who was enrolled at the University of Hamburg, received his license from the military government. Schneider had belonged to the White Rose Hamburg . Hans-Joachim Lang was also part of the editorial team of the magazine . The Hamburger Akademische Rundschau was published until January 1950.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ingo von Münch : Promotion , 3rd edition, Mohr Siebeck , Tübingen 2006, page 156.
  2. a b c d e f g h i cf. 1. Uta Krukowska: Democratic initiative and reactionary spirit in the Hamburg student body 1945–1949 . Hamburg 1987. 2. This: The students at the University of Hamburg in the years 1945–1950 . Hamburg 1993.
  3. Helga Bauer , Gerlinde Supplitt: Some aspects of the development of the Hamburg student body 1919-1969 . In: Universität Hamburg 1919-1969 , published by Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 1969, pages 311-332, here: page 319.
  4. ^ Rainer Hering : The Historical Club 1949-1969 . In: Stefan Micheler and Jakob Michelsen (eds.): The research? The teaching? Of education? - Knowledge is power! Student counterparty publication for the university anniversary , Hamburg 1994, pages 219–236.
  5. Bernd M. Kraske: The brave "academic". Reminder of a magazine that is out of the ordinary . In: Die Zeit of June 13, 1986.