Auersperg

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Family coat of arms of those of Auersperg

Auersperg ( Slovenian Turjaški ) is the name of a noble family that branched out in Austria and belongs to the ancient nobility . As generals , politicians and statesmen, its relatives influenced and helped determine the fate of the Austrian Empire .

In the 16th and 17th centuries in particular, they played an important role as commanders in chief on the Croatian military border in the Turkish wars and as promoters of Protestantism , literature and the arts. With the elevation of the panracian line to the princehood in 1653 and the subsequent acquisition of imperial direct dominions, this line also belonged to the high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire . Descendants of the sex live today in Austria, Slovenia , Italy , Germany , England , the USA , Canada and countries in South America .

history

Auersperg Castle, today "Grad Turjak"
Auersperg Castle
"Auersberg", copper engraving by Valvasor 1689
Palais Auersperg in Vienna

Origin and possessions

As a noble family, the von Auersperg family originally came from Ursberg Castle near Mindelheim in Swabia . It is assumed that the von Ursperch (Ursberg) were one of the noble families who settled after the decisive defeat of the Hungarians in the battle on the Lechfeld in 955 in the course of the Bavarian colonization of the areas that became free, including the areas of Carniola - a part of today's Slovenia - belonged to have settled.

They built their ancestral castle Ursperg, later Auersperg (Slovenian Turjak) in Lower Carniola, where their first estates were then; they extended from the Groslup valley basin ( Grosupeljska kotlina ) in a southerly direction via Großlassitsch / Großlaschitz ( Velike Lašče ) to Reiffnitz ( Ribnica ). According to the current state of research, Engelbertus de Ursperch , who appears as a witness in a document issued in St. Veit an der Glan in Carinthia in 1162 , was the first Auersperg mentioned in a document.

This noble family died out around the middle of the 13th century. The succession was a ministerial family , which named itself after the castle Auersperg and was probably awarded the coat of arms of the extinct family.

Auersperg Castle headquarters in Lower Carniola

Auersperg Castle, which was built in the shape of a massive triangle on the plateau of a steeply west-sloping wooded slope due to the terrain, is located in Lower Carniola in the municipality of Velike Lašče, about 25 km southeast of Ljubljana (German Laibach), close to the road which leads from there to Kočevje (Eng. Gottschee). Its forerunner was the Lower Auersperg Castle , also called Altauersperg , and stood on a slightly lower rock ledge below the new building. It is not documented when the two castles were built. On the mighty bastion , the so-called Ochsenturm, in the eastern part of the upper castle is a stone slab with the following inscription:

ANNO DOMINI 1067 IAR IS AURSPERG THROUGH HERN CONRAT FROM AUERSPERG BEGIN TO PAUN AFTER THROUGH THE EARTH PUDDEM IN 1511 IAR BUT THROUGH ME TROIAN FROM AUERSPERG OBRISTIN ERB CAMRER IN CRAIN AND THE WINDISH IEN PAGE BEGIN FROM 1520 TO BEGIN IN NEW MARKRO
Anno domini 1067, Mr. Konrad von Auersperg began building Auersperg. Later destroyed by the earthquake in 1511, but by me, Trajan von Auersperg, the Chief Chamberlain in Carniola and Windische Mark, the foundation walls were torn down and new ones started to be built in 1520. 

This upper castle first appeared in a document in 1220, when Engelbertus de Owersperch issued a certificate “in castro meo Owersperch”. The fact that there were two castles emerges from the document from 1318, when Emperor Friedrich III. the brothers Volkard and Herbard von Auersperg enfeoffed "ober hus ze Ursperg and daz nider swaz si da hant gebuwen or still buwen wellent" (the upper house in Auersperg and the lower house that they built or plan to build). Altauersperg, of which there are still four meter high walls in places, has not been inhabited since the first half of the 15th century. Both fortresses are said to have been sacked in the course of the inheritance dispute between Pilgram II von Auersperg and his brother-in-law Count Otto von Ortenburg in 1140. Half a century later they were rebuilt by Adolph II von Auersperg . In another feud, which Adolph's son Otto von Auersperg is said to have led in 1200 against the Count of Gorizia , the Count of Ortenburg and the Patriarch of Aquileja , the fortresses were destroyed again. In 1270, the brothers Peter and Wolfgang von Auersperg sold the restored castles to their cousins. They in turn sold these to Balthasar von Auersperg , the chancellor of the Patriarch of Aquileja. Although Balthasar was an illegitimate son, probably Herward von Auerspergs , he also enjoyed a high reputation within the family.

In September 1943, in the course of several days of fighting between the partisans and the White Guards ( Domobranci ), Auersperg was reduced to rubble and ashes by the heavy artillery and mortar fire, including its inventory. The older part of the Auerspergs' extensive family archive had already been brought to Udine , to the family seat there, by the owners at the time. Other sparse remains are now kept in the Archives of Slovenia in Ljubljana. It was not until 1962 that the conservation and restoration of the ruined castle began. The building is now considered a cultural monument of Slovenia. It has been restored to the point where it can be viewed again.

Other former property in Slovenia, Austria, Bohemia and Moravia

In the former Duchy of Carniola the von Auersperg rulers owned.

Slovenia: (See also: List of castles and chateaus in Slovenia )

Austria:

Bohemia and Moravia:

Present ownership

The following castles are currently still owned by the Auersperg family:

Lineage and name bearers

Prancraz and folk main lines

A first division of the sex took place by the brothers Volkhard (* 1401; † 1461) and Engelhard I (* 1404; † 1466), whereby the descendants of the former died out in 1604. Engelhard I in turn had two sons named Pankraz II (* 1441; † 1496) and Volkard VIII. (* 1443; † 1508), who established two further main lines.

The Herward XII brothers (* 1574; † 1618) and Dietrich II. (* 1578; † 1634) from the Pancrazine line founded two branches, both of which were raised to the rank of count in 1630. Her distant cousin Wolfgang Siegmund (* 1543; † 1598) from the Volkhardischen line continued this in the baron class, she also attained the count status at the end of the 17th century and went out in the male line with Ferdinand (* 1906; † 1944) at Ernegg Castle .

The older panracian branch remained in the count's estate and was based in Krain at Auersperg Castle until 1945, the younger branch split up several times; to him belonged Johann Weikhard von Auersperg , who in 1653 by Emperor Ferdinand III. was raised to the rank of imperial prince . In 1654 the Emperor enfeoffed him in his capacity as King of Bohemia with the Silesian Duchy of Münsterberg and the city of Frankenstein .

Heinrich Josef von Auersperg , 4th Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Münsterberg, served under Charles VI. until 1738 as Oberhofmarschall , then until 1765 as head stable master and chief chamberlain at the court of Maria Theresa and became a close friend of Emperor Franz Stephen . He married Marie Dominika von und zu Liechtenstein (* 1698, † 1724) in 1719 and Maria Franziska Antonia von Trautson in 1726 .

His eldest son from his first marriage, Karl Josef Anton von Auersperg (* 1720; † 1800), 5th Prince, married Maria Josepha Rosalia Countess von Trautson (* 1724; † 1792), the older daughter of Johann Wilhelm 2nd Prince of Trautson, Count zu Falkenstein (* 1700; † 1775), with whom this family died out. The younger son from their marriage, Prince Karl (* 1750, † 1822), became the main heir to Trautson's fortune after the death of his grandfather and took the name Auersperg-Trautson . There was an inheritance dispute with Prince Johann Nepomuk Friedrich von Lamberg , who was also married to a daughter of the second Prince Trautson. As a result of the dispute, the Falkenstein estate in Lower Austria was sold in 1799. Since Prince Karl had remained childless, the rest of the Trautson inheritance went to the descendants of his older brother Wilhelm von Auersperg (1749–1822), the 6th Prince of Auersperg. The former Trautson holdings at Goldegg Castle in Lower Austria and the Tyrolean castles Sprechenstein and Trautson still belong to the Auersperg-Trautson family today.

After the First Silesian War and the constitutional transfer of most of Silesia to Prussia in 1742 , the Auersperg retained the Duchy of Münsterberg, which was converted into a civil status. In 1791 Prince Karl Joseph Anton sold the property to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II.

Karl Auersperg (* 1859; † 1927), the 10th Prince, married Eleonore Countess von Breunner-Enckevoirth (* 1864; † 1920). Her older son Adolf Karl (* 1886; † 1923) continued the (princely) main line, the younger son Karl (* 1895; † 1980) took the name Prince von Auersperg-Breunner and founded this branch, which also exists today.

Josef Tominz , Portrait of Cäcilia Countess von Auersperg, née Baroness von Bilichgrätz, 1822 (mother of the poet Anastasius Grün )

Well-known namesake

The princes of Auersperg

Heads of families since 1927:

  • Karl Adolf Auersperg (* 1915; † 2006), buried in the Wolfern-Losensteinleithen mausoleum
  • Adolf Auersperg (* 1937)

Status surveys

  • Pancreatic line
    • Imperial Barons , Vienna, March 14, 1550, with von and zu Auersperg for Herwart von Auersperg
    • Reichsgrafenstand , Regensburg, September 11, 1630, with "Well-born" and improved coat of arms for cousins ​​Dietrich and Hans Andreas Freiherr von Auersperg
    • Count of Gottschee, Laibach, July 9, 1641
      • Imperial Princes ( Primogeniture ) with “Hochgeboren” and “Our Uncle” as well as Palatinat , Regensburg, 17./18. September 1653, for Johann Weikhard Counts of Auersperg
      • Enfeoffment with the Duchy of Münsterberg and Frankenstein in Silesia, Ebersdorf, July 30, 1654
      • mortgage as acquisition of domination Thengen, Innsbruck, October 24, 1663
      • Elevation to the princes of Regensburg, March 14, 1664
      • Colonel Hereditary Land Marshal in Tyrol, September 7, 1780
      • (The title of Duke of Münsterberg and Frankenstein expired with the sale of the Duchy to Prussia in 1791)
      • Duke of Gottschee, Vienna, November 11, 1791
      • Reichsfürstenstand, Vienna, December 21, 1791, extension with "Hochgeboren" to all descendants with the predicate " Highness ". The later born bear the name Prince or Princess von Auersperg (Highness).
  • Volkhard line
    • Imperial Baron, Laxenburg, July 23, 1573 for Siegmund v. A.
    • Imperial count status with "high and well-born" and improved coat of arms with that of the expired barons Sesima von Austj, Vienna, July 15, 1673, for Karl Freiherrn v. A.

Entry in the estate register of the nobility of Krain from 1824

“Auersperg, von, now princes and counts; Herr Georg provincial governor in Carniola, 1425 according to Perizhoff's directory, without indication. Mr. Octavian, then Christoph and Andreas von Auersperg, in the von Perizhoffischen directory under the year 1507, without evidence. Mr. Hanns and Dietrich von Auersperg sit in the Landtag in 1566, Prot: No 1, Fol: 254. Mr. Weikhard Freiherr von Auersperg, Governor in Krain 1576, Prot: No 2, Fol: 197. Prince Karl Joseph, Duke of Gottschee, becomes on June 25, 1792 on his request as a prince duke, for himself and his successors in the duchy Gottschee, at daily meetings, if the same or his successors live in this personal one, a special seat, and the privilege of the first vote, immediately after Granted to the Prince-Archbishop of Laibach and the gentlemen appointed, therefore before all other princes, counts, barons and knights. Fasc: Landmannsbriefe Litt: A, No 10.

Auersperger, Hanns, appears in the landscape coat of arms of 1463. "

coat of arms

Coat of arms of those von Auersperg in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch , 1904

Of the numerous coats of arms variants, only the most common are listed here.

Family coat of arms

Blazon : In the red shield a golden auroch growing out of a green mountain of three (later a striding auroch with silver horns). Growing on the helmet with red and gold covers of the aurochs.

Count's coat of arms

Pancratic Line (1630)

Blazon: square shield with heart . On the heart in the silver shield a gold crowned red lion ( Gottschee ). In fields 1 and 4 in red a golden bull (Auersochs) with a gold nose ring striding inwards on green ground, in fields 2 and 3 in gold an inward-looking, gold-crowned black eagle with gold fangs standing on a silver bench (Schönberg). On the shield there are three crowned spangle helmets with blankets and crests . Middle: black and white blankets with a gold-crowned double - headed eagle on the bench; right: red-gold covers with growing bull ; left: red-silver blankets with growing lion .

Volkhard Line (1673)

Blazon: square shield with heart. A six-petalled blue rose († Barons Sesima v. Austj) in gold on the heart ; in fields 1 and 4 a black-armored golden bull (aurochs) with an iron nose ring walking inwards on a green three-mountain; in fields 2 and 3 in gold an inward-looking, gold-crowned black eagle with black fangs standing on a black bench (Schönberg). Three crowned helmets on the shield. Middle: red-silver covers with eagle, right: red-gold covers with growing bull; left: black and silver covers with a blue rose between a buffalo horn divided by silver and black and a buffalo horn divided by gold and red († Baron Sesima v. Austj).

Princely coat of arms

Blazon: Split and twice divided shield with a heart: On the heart in silver a crowned, red lion (Gottschee). Field 1 split: in a field split by gold and silver, an eagle split by black and red with a soaring, silver crescent moon on its chest; in red a silver lion. Field 2 divided by red and gold with a flooded blue bar , a striding, crowned silver lion in red, a black eagle in gold. Fields 3 and 6 in red a golden auroch with a nose ring walking inwards on green ground. Fields 4 and 5 in gold an inward-looking, gold-crowned black eagle with black fangs standing on a black bench (Schönberg). The shield is surrounded by a crimson coat of arms with a princely hat , decorated with ermine on the inside .

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Auersperg

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Auersperg, all lines in Carniola

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Auersperg, line to Burgstall and Waasen

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Auersperg, line to Peillenstein and St. Leonhard am Forst

  • Princely Auerspergian coat of arms in the history, gender and coat of arms calendar for 1737 , partially colored

  • Princely coat of arms of the Auersperg

  • Princely Auerspergian coat of arms in the register of arms of the Austrian monarchy (1831)

bibliography

swell

  • Genealogical manual of the nobility. Volume 1, 1951; Volume 10, 1955; Volume 14, 1956; Volume 25, 1961; Volume 47, 1970; Volume 50, 1971; Volume 53, (= Adelslexikon ) 1972; Volume 114, 1997; Volume 149, 2011.
  • Branko Reisp: Turjak [Auersperg Castle]. In: Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije (= cultural and natural monuments in Slovenia ). Volume 94, Ljubljana 1979.
  • Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem (= lords and rulers in the former Carniola ), Ljubljana 1982.
  • Polona Šega: Turjak skozi čas (Auersperg Castle over the years), Ljubljana 1988, ISBN 86-900991-1-5 .
  • Johann Weichard von Valvasor : The honor of the Hertzogthums Crain . Third part, Laybach - Nuremberg 1689, reprint Heppenheim 1971.

Lexical works

  • Gustav Adolf Metnitz:  Auersperg, from and to. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 435 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • W. Kleindel, H. Veigl (arrangement): The great book of the Austrians.
  • Slovenski biografski leksikon (Slovenian biographical lexicon), Volume 1, Reprint, Nendeln / Liechtenstein 1976.
  • Eduard Castle (Ed.): Anastasius Grün: Works. German publishing house Bong & Co. 5 volumes (including “Volkslieder in Krain”).
  • Gothaischer Hofkalender, princely houses. 1766-1942.
  • Almanac de Gotha. 1766-1944.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses. 1826-1942.

Further literature on Auersperg

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  • Nikola Andrić : Hrvatske narodne pjesme (Croatian folk songs) V. Zagreb 1909, p. 239 ff.
  • Count of Alexander Anton Auersperg (Anastasius Grün). In: Stefan Hock (Ed.): Political speeches a. Writings (= writings of the literary association in Vienna ). Volume V., Verlag des Literarisches Verein, Carl Fromme, Vienna 1906 ( archive.org ).
  • Heinrich Costa : Travel memories from Carniola . Laibach 1848, p. 123 ff.
  • Alfons Dopsch : A directory of the possessions of the Dukes of Carinthia in Carniola and the Mark (from 1311) , Mitthl. d. Institute f. Austrian history, BB II., Innsbruck 1901, p. 461.
  • Bogo Grafenauer : Kmečki upori na Slovenskem (Peasant uprisings in Slovenia) , Ljubljana 1962, p. 121.
  • Josip Gruden : Kosovega "Gradiva" tretja knjiga (Kos` "Material" third book), Cas 5, 1911, p. 416 ff.
  • Heinrich Georg Hoff : Hist.- statistical-topograph. Painting from the Duchy of Carniola, II. , Laibach 1808, p. 138 ff.
  • Gorg Frhr. v. Khisl: Herbardi Auersperg Baronis rerum Domi militiaeque Praeclare gestarum etc. (biography of Herwart VIII. Baron von Auersperg) . Laibach 1575; German translation by Hans Krazenpacher, Laibach 1576
  • Kidrič, Vraz in Grün (Vraz and Anastasius Grün), ČZN (Časopis za zgodovino in narodopisje - Newspaper for History and Ethnography), 1910, pp. 205–222, 320–321, 355, 368
  • Kidrič, Anastasius Grün in Matevž Ravnikar-Pozenčan (AG and Matevž / Matthias Ravnikar), Veda 1911, pp. 68–69
  • Vinzenz Fereri Klun: Contributions to the topography and statistics of Krain , Mittheilungen des historic Verein für Krain 10, 1855, p. 27 f.
  • Franz Komatar: Das Schloßarchiv in Auersperg , in: MMVK 18 (1905), pp. 108–187, 19 (1906), pp. 37–58, 99–140, 20 (1907), pp. 161–245; in: Carniola NF 1 (1910), pp. 20-34, 118-135, 226-243
  • Ivan Komelj: Srednjeveška grajska arhitektura na Dolenjskem, Zbornik za umetnostno zgodovino (Medieval castle architecture in Lower Carniola - anthology for art history) , nv 1, 1951, p. 37 ff.
  • Franc Kos : Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku (literature on the history of the Slovenes in the Middle Ages) , III., Ljubljana 1911, pp. XVI f.
  • Franc Kos: O najstarešjih Turjačanih (About the oldest Auersperg) , Carniloa, nv 3, 1912, p. 93 f.
  • Franc Kos: Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku IV. , (Material on the history of the Slovenes in the Middle Ages), Ljubljana 1920, pp. XXXIV, 224, 297, 313, 379
  • Franc Kos: Gradivo za zgodovino Slovencev v srednjem veku V. , Ljubljana 1928, pp. 164, 202 f.
  • Milko Kos : Zgodovina Slovencev od naselitve do petnajstega stoletja (History of the Slovenes from settlement up to the 15th century) , Ljubljana 1955, pp. 259 f., 286, 300
  • Grozdana Kozak : Ladislav Benesch, Ljubljana 1963
  • Friedrich Lanjus: The blossoming families of the Austrian nobility , in: Jhrb. the association cath. Noblemen in Austrian . 1931, pp. 87-94
  • Lokar: Anastasius Grüns letters to Prešeren and Bleiweis , Carniola 1908, pp. 197–210
  • Lončar, Dr. Janez: Bleiweis in njegova doba (Dr. B. and his time), ZMS (Zbornik slovenske matice - anthology of slovenian fund), 1909, pp. 151, 172, 188
  • Božo Otorepec : Iz zgodovine turjaškega gradu (From the history of Auersperg Castle), Kronika 21, 1973 p. 147 ff.
  • Stanko Petelin : Prešernova brigada (Die Brigade Prešeren) , Nova Gorica 1967 (Knjižnica NOV in POS, 11), p. 90 ff.
  • Stanko Petelin: Padec turjaškega gradu, Naša obramba 2 (Fall of Auersperg Castle - Our Defense) , 1970, St. 8/9, p. 6 ff.
  • Kazimir Petrić : Auersperg . In: The nobility in the Hzgt. Krain , 6 vol., Ljubljana 1970
  • Miha Preinfalk : Auersperg . Story of a European family. Graz - Stuttgart 2006
  • Miha Preinfalk: Bizjak, Matjaž: Turjaška knjiga listin I. Listine zasebnih arhivov kranjske grofovske in knežje linije Turjaških (Auerspergov) 1 (1218–1400) . Ljubljana, Založba ZRC, 2008
  • Prijatelj, Kersnik I., p. 64
  • Peter von Radics : Die Auersperge in Krain , Blätter from Krain 5, 1861, pp. 71 f., 74 ff., 78 f., 82 f.,
  • Peter von Radics: Herbard VIII. Freiherr zu Auersperg (1528–1575) a Carniolan hero and statesman , Vienna 1862
  • Branko Reisp: Turjak (The Auersperg Castle) , Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije (Cultural and natural monuments in Slovenia), No. 94, Ljubljana 1979
  • Franz Xaver Richter: Die Krainische Aursperge , in: Archive for Geography, History, State and War Art (Vienna), 12, 1821, pp. 157 ff., 161 ff., 181 ff., 205 ff., 221 ff.
  • Franz Xaver Richter: The Princes and Counts of Aursperge , in: New Archive for History, State Studies, Literature and Art (Vienna) 2 (21), 1830, pp. 597 ff., 618 ff., 630 ff., 637 ff. , 649 ff., 656 ff., 665 ff., 674 ff., 688 ff., 696 ff., 706 ff., 712 ff., 720 ff., 743 ff., 777 ff., 784 ff., 792 ff., 707 (807!) ff. 715 (815!) ff., 821 ff.
  • Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem (Lords and Gülten in the former Carniola) , Ljubljana 1982
  • Polona Šega: Turjak skozi čas (Auersperg Castle over the years) , Ljubljana 1988, ISBN 86-900991-1-5
  • Johann Ludwig Schönleben : Genealogia illustrissimae familiae principum, comitum et baronum from Auersperg , Labaci 1681
  • Franz Schumi: Document and Regestenbuch des Duchy of Carniola, II. , Laibach 1884 a. 1887, pp. 209 f., 225, 229, 252 f., 292 f.
  • Nace Schumi ,: Arhitektura šestnajstega stoletja na Slovenskem (Architecture of the 16th Century in Slovenia) , Ljubljana 1966, p. 32
  • France stele: Gotsko stensko slikarstvo (Gothic wall painting) , Ljubljana 1972 (Ars Sloveniae), p. XXIV, CXVI f.
  • Rezka Traven: Ljubljana Vič-Rudnik, Vodnik po partizanskih poteh (On the routes of the partisans, guides) , Ljubljana 1978, p. 67
  • Johann Weichard von Valvasor : The Honor of the Duchy of Carniola, Part Three, Laybach - Nuremberg 1689, Reprinted by Heppenheim 1971
  • Wendel, From three cultures , pp. 201–209
  • Johann Baptist Witting : Auersperg . In: J. Siebmacher's great Wappenbuch, Volume 28, From Volume IV, 7th section , Neustadt ad Aisch 1979
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Biographical Lexicon d. Austrian Empire, Vol. 1, Vienna, 1856
  • Marijan Zadnikar : Romanska arhitektura na Slovenskem (Romanesque architecture in Slovenia) , Ljubljana 1959, p. 302 ff.

See also

Web links

Commons : Auersperg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Auersperg in the Topographia Austriacarum (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual notes and notes

  1. ↑ Collegium res nobilis Austriae : “The separation of the nobility into primeval nobility (before 1350) and letter nobility was never recognized as a Prussian chancellery invention of the 19th century in Austria. On the other hand, the barons, counts and princes were officially counted as belonging to the high nobility, and the other degrees of nobility to the lower nobility (1873). "
  2. ↑ Falk von Gagern: “Mokric. The home of Friedrich von Gagern ”. Paul Parey Publishing House, Hamburg and Berlin, (1962).
  3. ↑ Hans PIRCHEGGER, Lower Styria in the history of their lordships and Gülten, cities and markets (Munich, 1962), 255.
  4. ^ Franz Hadriga: The Trautson. Paladine Habsburgs , Styria, Graz et al. 1996, ISBN 3-222-12337-3 .
  5. ^ Prince Karl Joseph Franz von Auersperg.