United Wallfisch colliery

United Wallfisch colliery
General information about the mine
Shaft house of the United Wallfisch colliery
other names	United Wallfisch colliery civil engineering Wallfisch colliery civil engineering United Wallfisch & Dickebank colliery
Funding / year	up to 75,074 t
Information about the mining company
Employees	up to 388
Start of operation	1832
End of operation	1898
Successor use	Colliery United Hamburg & Franziska
Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
Hard coal
Seam name	Old Steinbergerbank
Seam name	New Steinbergerbank
Seam name	Trestle wood bench
Seam name	Girondelle 3
Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 27 '37 "  N , 7 ° 21' 3"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 27 '37 "  N , 7 ° 21' 3"  E
Location United Wallfisch colliery
Location	Stockum
local community	Witten
District ( NUTS3 )	Ennepe-Ruhr district
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

The United Wallfisch colliery is a former hard coal mine in Witten-Stockum . The mine was also known under the names Zeche Vereinigte Wallfisch Tiefbau , Zeche Wallfisch Tiefbau and Zeche Vereinigte Wallfisch & Dickebank . It arose from the consolidation of several independent mines. The name of the mine was probably derived from the constellation whale . The union of the United Wallfisch colliery was one of the founding members of the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate .

history

The beginnings

In August 1832 the mines Wallfischbänke (below the tunnel sole ), Steinbergerbank , Stephansbank , including the Stephani Erbstollen, and Margaretha consolidated into the United Wallfisch colliery. The main trades were the brothers Carl Liebrecht and Friedrich Wilhelm Liebrecht. At that time the Sophia and Eduard shafts were in operation. Despite the consolidation, the difficulties with the owners of the mine fields and the coal buyers continued, which repeatedly required the intervention of the weather ministry, especially at the Steinbergerbank colliery. So there were still complaints due to late deliveries and poor coal quality. In 1835 the Johann, Eduard and Reserve shafts were in operation. In 1838 the mine was named in the annual report of the Märkisches Bergamt under the name Zeche Vereinigte Wallfischbänke. In 1840 the Reserve and Liebrecht shafts were in operation. On November 6th of the same year the mine was closed. In the following year, the remaining rights (above the tunnel sole) were taken over by Wallfischbänke. In the same year, the upper seams of the Alte Steinbergerbank, Neue Steinbergerbank and Bockholzbank above the bottom of the tunnel were dismantled to the great Rüdinghauser fault. In 1842 the mine was held in time . In January 1846 the mine was put back into operation. It was the previously unworked coal seam thickness bank in Verhieb taken. The promotion was carried out by the Steinberger bankers studs. The further transport took place over days by means of carts via today's Walfischstrasse to the Mülensiefen glass factory. In the same year, the Laura shaft was sunk. In 1847 the Laura mine was in operation. In the middle of 1849, the Mülensiefen brothers' glass factory, which was the main buyer of Wallfischen coals, applied to the mining authorities to close the United Wallfisch colliery. The reason was a long interruption in production in the glass factory. The mine was initially shut down and resumed in September of the same year.

The other years

From 1850, the demand for coal increased. For this reason, a new mining field was opened further east. On April 30 of the same year, the Längenfelder Wallfisch, Stephansbank including the Stephani-Erbstolln and Steinbergerbank, as well as the Geviertfelder Crengendanz No. I-III were merged. The ceremony this Berechtsame done as square boxes United Wallfisch I, II, III and IV. In 1854 was dismantling nearly finished on the Steinberger bankers lug sole. In 1855, planning began for the transition to civil engineering . That same year was the sinking work for tonnlägigen started Schacht Theodor. The shaft was needed for further tunnel construction. The bottom of the tunnel in this area was ten meters deep . The shaft was set up on today's Wilhelmshöhe Street. It was equipped with a single horse peg, which was then used to lift the shaft. In addition, the sinking work for two additional tonnage shafts began this year. These shafts were needed for civil engineering. In the following year, the first level was set at a depth of 57 meters and in the further course of the year the second level was set at a depth of 106 meters. This year, the rights covered an area of ​​6.5 km ² . In the same year work began on installing a powerful, direct-acting dewatering machine. In addition, the construction of a connecting line to the Bergisch-Märkischen-Eisenbahn started this year . In 1857, the third level was set at a depth of 146 meters. The two tonneau shafts had meanwhile reached a shallow depth of 68 puddles. However, the shafts were not yet penetrated with any of the inserted soles . The connecting railway was completed in the same year. The dewatering machine was also put into operation. In 1861 the Theodor shaft, which took several tons, was sunk deeper. In the following year, the Theodor shaft was sunk to a shallow depth of 45 puddles below the bottom of the tunnel. In the same year mining began in the Crengeldanz field. In 1862 the Theodor shaft was penetrated with the second level. In 1865 the sinking work for the Seigeren shaft 1 began. The shaft should be used as a delivery shaft .

In 1867, shaft 1 was penetrated with the second level. In 1869 the production shaft and the drainage shaft were sunk deeper. The purpose of this sinking work was to align the second underground level. That same year, the sinking operation had in production well due to high water inflows deferred be. The sinking work on the drainage shaft was continued. In the same year, the drainage shaft reached a shallow depth of 201 meters at the end of the year. The third level was set at a shallower depth of 146 meters. In 1873 the sinking work for Seigeren shaft 2 began. The shaft was set up next to shaft 1 at a distance of 150 meters . In the same year, the construction of new day facilities began. In addition, the Geviertfelder Vereinigte Wallfisch Nr. I-IV including the right to inheritance under the name of Vereinigte Wallfisch were consolidated this year . In 1874, the two tonnage underground shafts from 1855 were dropped . In 1876, the 3rd level was initially set at a depth of 153 meters (−28 m above sea ​​level ) and the fourth level at a depth of 210 meters (−85 m above sea level) later in the year. A new drainage machine was installed above ground. In 1878, shaft 2 was put into operation as a delivery shaft. In the same year, the tonnage drainage shaft was dropped. In the following year, the mining operations ran without disruptions. In 1882 work began on digging shaft 2 deeper. In the following year, the 5th level was put into operation at a depth of 315 meters (−190 m above sea level). In 1884 the old Steinbergerbank and Neue Steinbergerbank seams were crossed on the 3rd and 4th level with the northern cross passage . In addition, the braking mountains on the 3rd level were completed. In 1892, five shafts were in operation, four of which were used as weather shafts in the mining departments. The weather bed was at depths of 10 m, 15 m, 20 m and 22 m. From the year 1889 one began to develop further coal reserves on the 4th level. For this purpose, crosscuts to the north and south were driven. The Girondelle 3 seam was approached with the southern cross passage. In 1893 six shafts were in operation, five of which were used as weather shafts. The following year, a broken weather shaft was put into operation in the northern field. In the same year an association was made with the United Franziska colliery. Nevertheless, both mines remained independent with separate operations.

The last few years

In 1895, the sinking work began for an experimental shaft that took several tons. The shaft was later referred to as the Franziska-Düren shaft. The test shaft was set up north of shaft 2. The hanging lawn bench was at +85 m above sea level. In the same year it was incorporated into the United Hamburg & Franziska colliery under the name Franziska-Düren. Nevertheless, the mines continued to be operated separately. To obtain an underground connection between the two mines, a cross-cut to the north was to the seams of the colliery Wallfisch on the 5th floor of Franziska ascended . In 1898, sinking work was stopped in the test shaft at a shallow depth of 28 meters and the shaft was covered. The reason for this was strong water inflows. On October 20, 1897, the north wing had to be abandoned and dammed due to an order from the north of the mountain . The reason for this arrangement was the frequent leakage with a dip of 88 Gon -bearing seams . In 1898, the south wing was no longer worth building on its own due to unclean coal . On March 31 of the same year, the United Wallfisch colliery was taken over by the United Hamburg & Franziska colliery. From April 1 of the same year, the coal from the Wallfisch construction field was mined underground to the Franziska site, where it was conveyed surface. The Wallfisch shaft was only used for rope travel and ventilation .

Promotion and workforce

Fine , low-quality fatty coal was extracted in the mine. The first production figures and workforce numbers come from the year 1838, at that time 18 miners were employed in the mine, who produced 47,344 bushels of hard coal . In 1846, 6–8 employees produced 22,634 bushels of hard coal. In 1855 a production of 31,884 Prussian tons of hard coal was achieved. This funding was provided by 75 employees. In 1865, 6,764 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1870, 118 miners produced 33,658 tons of hard coal. In 1875, around 42,000 tons of hard coal were extracted with 147 miners. In 1880, 149 miners produced 39,996 tons of hard coal. In 1885 175 miners were employed at the mine who produced 53,232 tons of hard coal. In 1890, 223 miners extracted 52,539 tons of hard coal. The maximum production of the mine was achieved in 1896. This year, 388 miners extracted 75,074 tons of hard coal. These are the last known sponsorship and workforce figures.

Current condition

The machine house of the first shaft of the United Wallfisch colliery still exists today; it is used as a residential building.

The machine house and colliery are part of the route of industrial culture .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from} Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Gerhard Koetter: Bituminous coal under Witten. 1st edition, Förderverein Westfälisches Industriemuseum Zeche Nachtigall, Witten 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-029412-9 , pp. 66–70, 126–132.
4. ^ ^{A b c} Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957, pp. 211, 513.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld: Early sites of the Ruhr mining industry. Monograph on the history of the Ruhr area, Gustav Adolf Wüstenfeld-Verlag, Wetter-Wengern 1975, ISBN 3-922014-01-1 , pp. 45–51.
6. ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. second completely revised and completed edition, publishing house of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874, p. 17.

Remarks

1. ↑ The name was spelled with two "l" in the old files . The trades also always used the spelling with two "l" in their letterheads . (Source: Gerhard Koetter: Steinkohle unter Witten. )

Web links

• Early mining in the Ruhr: United Walfisch colliery (accessed on July 15, 2016)
• Early mining on the Ruhr: Historical map around 1840 (accessed on July 15, 2016)
• Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed on July 15, 2016)
• Description of this sight on the route of industrial culturehttp: //vorlage.rik.test/~11~111022