Palatinate-Simmern
Pfalz-Simmern was a branch of the Palatinate Wittelsbach family . From 1559 to 1685 they took over the rule as Count Palatine and Elector in Heidelberg after the older line had died out.
possession
The actual Principality of Simmern consisted of:
- City of Simmern : In 1358 the Raugrafen (or their heirs) sold the city to the Palatine. Simmern only became a residence under Friedrich I. For this reason, extensive construction work was carried out on the town and castle.
- Provost Ravengiersburg : After the death of the last Waldgraves of Kyrburg 1408, the area was called up as a completed fiefdom of King Ruprecht and given to the new Pfalz-Simmern 1410th This is the largest area complex.
- Old court: The old court comprised the towns of Rheinböllen , Ellern , Dichtelbach , Erbach and Klein-Weidelbach.
- New dish: It consisted of the villages of Mörschbach , Schnorbach , Wahlbach and Mutt Various .
- Schultheisserei Klosterkumbd (actually Kumbd): Originally bailiwick and court around the monastery of the same name . In 1420, Count Palatine Stephan bought the district from Bertam von Vilbel and the Lords of Schöneberg . The Schultheisserei included the localities Klosterkumbd (place and monastery), Georgenhausen, Bergenhausen , Budenbach , RayIEL and Benzweiler .
- Laubach , Bubach and Horn . The three places came to the Palatinate County after 1302 and were originally imperial territory. Laubach and Horn received extensive freedoms in 1360 and 1368, respectively.
- Schöneberg court with the town of Riegenroth . Schöneberg was a court square with a church and cemetery, north of Steinbach .
history
The Palatinate line of the Wittelsbacher divided after the death of the Count Palatine and King Ruprecht III. from the Palatinate in 1410 in four lines
- the eldest son Ludwig sets the Kurlinie the residence Heidelberg continues
- Johann establishes the Pfalz-Neumarkt line
- Stephan donates the Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken line with the Simmern residence
- the youngest son Otto becomes Count Palatine in Mosbach
The founder of the Simmern-Zweibrücken line was Count Palatine Stephan . He was born around 1385 as the third son of King Ruprecht. In 1410 he married Anna von Veldenz , the heir to the county of the same name (and half of the county of Sponheim ). It was already clear at the time of marriage that this inheritance would fall to Stephan (or his children) if the last Count of Veldenz died. In 1459 his sons Friedrich and Ludwig divided the paternal property again. Ludwig received the Duchy of Zweibrücken and the Veldenzian inheritance and founded the Palatinate-Zweibrücken line . Friedrich I received the Principality of Simmern and the share of the County of Sponheim from the Veldenzer legacy, which he ruled from Kastellaun since 1444, after the death of the last Veldenzer . He is therefore the actual founder of the Pfalz-Simmern line.
The Heidelberg line died out in 1559 with Ottheinrich , whereupon the Reformed Pfalz-Simmern line took over the inheritance in the Electoral Palatinate .
The Pfalz-Simmern line expired in 1685 with Karl II, Liselotte's brother of the Palatinate . It was followed by the Pfalz-Neuburg line , which was detached from the Pfalz-Zweibrücken line in 1569 and acquired Jülich and Berg in 1614 .
The Palatinate-Simmern line provided the electors
- Friedrich III. of the Palatinate (1515–1576)
- Louis VI. of the Palatinate (1539–1583)
- Frederick IV of the Palatinate (1574–1610)
- Frederick V of the Palatinate (1596–1632), 1619–1620 King of Bohemia (Winter King)
- Karl I. Ludwig of the Palatinate (1617–1680)
- Charles II of the Palatinate (1651–1685)
Also became known
- Friedrich I of Pfalz-Simmern (1417–1480), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern (1444–1480)
- Ruprecht von Pfalz-Simmern (1420–1478) , Prince-Bishop of Strasbourg
- Stephan von Pfalz-Simmern (1421–1485), Canon in Strasbourg, Mainz and Cologne (1441–1484)
- Johann von Pfalz-Simmern (around 1429–1475), Bishop of Münster (1458–1466) and Archbishop of Magdeburg (1466–1475)
- Ruprecht von Pfalz-Simmern (1461–1507) , Prince-Bishop of Regensburg
- Johann II of Pfalz-Simmern (1509–1557), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- Katharina von Pfalz-Simmern (1510–1572), abbess in the Kumbd monastery
- Johanna von Pfalz-Simmern (1512–1581), abbess in the Marienberg monastery
- Brigitta von Pfalz-Simmern (1516–1562), abbess in the Neuburg monastery
- Elisabeth von Pfalz-Simmern (1520–1564), by marriage Countess von Erbach
- Reichard (Pfalz-Simmern-Sponheim) (1521–1598), Count Palatine and Duke of Pfalz-Simmern, Duke of Simmern (1569–1598)
- Dorothea von Pfalz-Simmern (1581–1631), by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Dessau
- Ludwig Philipp von Pfalz-Simmern (1602–1655), guardian of the electoral prince (1632–1649) and administrator of the Electoral Palatinate
- Ruprecht von der Pfalz (1619–1682), Duke of Cumberland, generalissimo of all English armies and Lord High Admiral of the royal fleet
- Moritz von der Pfalz (1621–1652), electoral prince of the Palatinate from the Pfalz-Simmern line
- Eduard von der Pfalz (1625–1663), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- Philipp von der Pfalz (1627–1650) , Elector Palatine and Count Palatine of the Rhine from the Pfalz-Simmern line
- Elisabeth Marie Charlotte von Pfalz-Simmern (1638–1664), by marriage to the Duchess of Brieg
- Ludwig Heinrich (Pfalz-Simmern) (1640–1674), Duke of Simmern-Kaiserslautern
- Luise Marie von der Pfalz (1647–1679), Countess Palatine near Rhine from the Pfalz-Simmern line and by marriage Princess of Salm
- Anna Henriette von Pfalz-Simmern (1648–1723), Countess Palatinate near Rhine from the Pfalz-Simmern line and by marriage Princesse de Condé
- Elisabeth Charlotte, known as Liselotte of the Palatinate (1652–1722), by marriage to the Duchess of Orléans
Master list (incomplete)
-
Stephan († 1459), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern-Zweibrücken
-
Friedrich I († 1480), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- A: Johann I († 1509), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- B: Johann II. († 1557), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- C: Friedrich III. († 1576), Elector Palatinate
- D: Ludwig VI. († 1583), Elector Palatinate
- E: Anna Maria († 1589), Countess Palatine
- E: Friedrich IV. († 1610), Elector Palatinate
- F: Friedrich V († 1632), Elector Palatinate
- G: Karl I. Ludwig († 1680), Elector Palatinate
- H: Karl II. († 1685), Elector Palatinate
- H: Elisabeth Charlotte († 1722), Countess Palatine
- G: Elisabeth († 1680), Abbess of Herford
- G: Ruprecht († 1682), Duke of Cumberland
- G: Louise Maria († 1709), Abbess of Maubuisson
- G: Eduard († 1663), Count Palatine
- G: Sophie († 1714), Countess Palatine
- G: Karl I. Ludwig († 1680), Elector Palatinate
- F: Elisabeth Charlotte († 1660), Countess Palatine
- F: Ludwig Philipp († 1655), administrator of the Electoral Palatinate
- F: Friedrich V († 1632), Elector Palatinate
- D: Johann Kasimir († 1592), administrator of the Electoral Palatinate
- D: Ludwig VI. († 1583), Elector Palatinate
- C: Georg († 1569), Duke of Simmern
- C: Reichard († 1598), Duke of Simmern
- C: Helena († 1579), Countess Palatine
- C: Friedrich III. († 1576), Elector Palatinate
- B: Johann II. († 1557), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
- A: Johann I († 1509), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
-
Friedrich I († 1480), Count Palatine and Duke of Palatinate-Simmern
coat of arms
The Pfalz – Simmern line carried the coat of arms of the Wittelsbach Palzgrafen , supplemented with the coat of arms of the front county of Sponheim . The coat of arms shows in a quartered shield, the Wittelsbacher diamonds and the electoral Palatinate lion. The coat of arms of the front county of Sponheim (chessboard blue in gold) is applied as a heart shield . The helmet wears a golden crown . The helmet cover is black on the outside and yellow (gold) on the inside. As crest appear buffalo horns with blue and white diamonds and a crowned lion with hervorwachsendem peacocks Wedel (Wedel Peacock belongs to the crest of the Sponheim Arms).
See also
literature
- Wilhelm Fabricius : The Palatinate Oberamt Simmern. In: West German magazine for history and art. No. 28 1909, pp. 70-131.
- Willi Wagner: The Wittelsbachers of the Pfalz-Simmern line. Their ancestors, their families and their grave monuments. Simmern 2003.
- Rudolf Zimmer: Count Palatine Friedrich II of Pfalz-Simmern (1557-1559). Spätreformation und Politik , in: Jahrbuch für Westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 39 (2013), pp. 187–212 (on the introduction of the Reformation in Pfalz-Simmern).