Asters

Asters
	Mountain aster ( Aster amellus )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Asteroideae
Tribe :	Astereae
Genre :	Asters
Scientific name
	aster
	L.

The asters ( Aster ) are a genus within the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The approximately 152 species of the genus Aster s. st. are widespread in Eurasia . Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

description

Illustration of mountain aster ( Aster amellus )

Basal, simple leaves of Aster tenuipes

Flower head with bluish ray and yellow tubular flowers of Aster koraiensis

Illustration from Addisonia , plate 066 from Aster tataricus

Achenes with pappus of the alpine aster ( Aster alpinus )

Vegetative characteristics

Aster styles are usually persistent, sometimes one or two year, herbaceous plants , rarely half-shrubs or shrubs , and reach stature heights of 3 centimeters to 3 meters. They often have rhizomes .

Often, the sheets are both in basal rosette arranged (rosette leaves, basal leaves) and alternate at the stem (stalk leaves). The alternate leaves can be stalked or sessile. The leaf blades are simple. The leaf edges can be smooth or serrated.

Generative characteristics

The cup-shaped inflorescences can stand individually or in groups on a stem. The flower heads (rarely double row) contain a single-row ring of usually 14-55 (rarely 100 to 150) florets (also called ray florets) and the center of from 20 to about 100 usually yellow tubular flowers (also called disc florets). The color spectrum of the ray florets includes white, red, blue, pink and purple.

There are achenes usually with a pappus formed.

ecology

The flower heads, they are pseudanthia , so ecological " flowers ".

Illustration of mountain aster ( Aster amellus )

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine, London. , Volume 143 (= Series 4, Volume 13), 1917, plate 8728 by Aster fuscescens

Systematics and distribution

The genus Aster was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 872. Aster amellus L. was established as the lectotype species in 1913 . The Latin derivation of the generic name Aster is astrum for "star", "star" and refers to the radial arrangement of the ray or ray flowers.

The tribe Astereae was reorganized, so that today the genus Aster has a completely different scope than before and only species from the Old World are included in the genus. This genus, which consisted of around 500 to 600 species according to the old system, was distributed in Eurasia , Africa and above all in the New World . According to a narrower view, only species of the Old World belong to the genus Aster . The only species that is native to North America and still belongs to the genus in the more recent extent is Aster culminis .

The genus Aster s. st. contains about 123 species in China and Taiwan, 82 of which are only found there.

The North American species of the genus Aster s. l. are not closely related to the Eurasian, but form a monophyletic group belonging together with other genera - such as the genera professional herbs ( Erigeron ) and the goldenrod ( Solidago ) - from North America . Guy L. Nesom then proposed a subdivision into further genera in 1994, which is supported by DNA analyzes . The previous North American aster species can now be found in the genera Eurybia and Symphyotrichum . Ornamental plants such as smooth- leaf aster ( Symphyotrichum novi-belgii ) and Raubl-leaf aster ( Symphyotrichum novae-angliae ) are also frequently used . Due to the great popularity of the name Aster and the identical German and scientific names, the new naming has not yet become widespread among recreational and commercial gardeners. The African species of the genus Aster s. l. were placed in a new genus Afroaster .

Synonyms of Aster L. s. st. are: Alkibias Raf. , Anactis Raf. , Bellidiaster Dumort. , Bindera Raf. , Brachyaster Ambrosi , Chlamydites J.R.Drumm. , Deinosmos Raf. , Diplactis Raf. , Linosyris Cass. , Bellidastrum Scop. , Lasallea Greene

Aster ageratoides var. Leiophyllus with the butterfly Pterodecta felderi

Aster albescens

Aster flaccidus

Aster himalaicus

Aster kantoensis

Aster komonoensis

Aster koraiensis

Aster microcephalus var. Ovatus

Aster pinnatifidus

Aster rugulosus buds and open flower head

Aster scaber

Aster sedifolius

Aster semiamplexicaulis

Aster spathulifolius

Aster tataricus

Aster taiwanensis

Aster thomsonii

Aster tongolensis

Aster viscidulus

Aster willkommii

Aster yomena

There are in the genus Aster s. st. about 152 species (as of 2011 and 2015):

Aster ageratoides Turcz. : It occurs in India , Bhutan , Myanmar , Thailand , China, Taiwan , Japan , Korea and in Russia's Far East . Numerous varieties have been described, this species complex is controversial, the whole species is often synonymous with Aster trinervius Roxb. ex D.Don .

Aster aitchisonii Boiss. : It occurs in Pakistan .

Aster alatipes Hemsl. : It thrives at altitudes of 800 to 1600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Henan , northwestern Hubei , southern Shaanxi and Sichuan .

Aster albescens (DC.) Wall. ex Hand.-Mazz. : The tenor sovarieties are found in Pakistan, India , Myanmar and China.

Aster albescens (DC.) Wall. ex Hand.-Mazz. var. albescens (syn .: Aster cabulicus Lindl. , Aster ferrugineus Edgeworth not HLWendland , Aster ignoratus Kunth & CDBouché )
Aster albescens var. Discolor Y.Ling (Syn .: Aster harrowianus var. Glabratus Diels , Aster albescens var. Levissimus Hand.-Mazz. )
Aster albescens var. Glandulosus Hand.-Mazz.
Aster albescens var. Gracilior hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Aster limprichtii var. Gracilior Hand.-Mazz. , Aster harrowianus Diels )
Aster albescens var. Limprichtii (Diels) Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Aster limprichtii Diels )
Aster albescens var. Megaphyllus Y.Ling : This endemic occurs only in Mao in Sichuan.
Aster albescens var. Niveus Hand .-- Mazz. : It occurs only in the Indian provinces of Himachal Pradesh , Jammu and Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh .
Aster albescens var. Pilosus Hand .-- Mazz.
Aster albescens var. Rugosus Y.Ling
Aster albescens var. Salignus Hand .-- Mazz. (Syn .: Aster harrowianus var. Glabratus Diels )

Aster × alpinoamellus Novopokr. ex Tzvelev

Alpine aster , also called Himalayan aster ( Aster alpinus L. )

Aster altaicus Willd. : It occurs in the temperate areas of Asia and in India, Nepal and Pakistan. There are several varieties, for example:

Aster altaicus Willd. var. altaicus (Syn .: Aster gmelinii exchange ): It is in Kashmir , Kazakhstan , Siberia , Mongolia , Inner Mongolia , Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Jilin , Liaoning , Ningxia , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi , northwestern Sichuan and Xinjiang .

Aster altaicus var. Canescens (Nees) Sergievskaya (syn .: Aster canescens (Nees) Fisjun non Pursh , Aster pyropappus Boissier , Aster spatioides C.B.Clarke ): She is on Iran , Kazakhstan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan , Afghanistan , Pakistan , Northwestern India , Mongolia, western Siberia and northern Xinjiang.

Aster altaicus var. Hirsutus Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on grasslands and on open slopes at altitudes of 2200 to 3500 meters in western Sichuan ( Garzê , Jinchuan , Kangding ) and northwestern Yunnan.

Aster altaicus var. Millefolius (Vaniot) Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Aster millefolius Vaniot ): This common species occurs in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang , Liaoning , Shaanxi and Shanxi .

Aster altaicus var. Scaber (Avé-Lallemant) Hand.-Mazz. : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Shanxi.

Aster altaicus var. Taitoensis Kitam. : This endemic thrives in sandy locations near rivers only in Taidong , Taiwan.

Mountain aster or lime aster ( Aster amellus L. ): There are about three subspecies:

Aster amellus L. subsp. amellus : It is widespread in large parts of Europe and in the Caucasus as well as in Turkey.
Aster amellus subsp. bessarabicus (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Soó (Syn .: Aster scepusiensis Kanitz , Aster bessarabicus Bernh. ex Rchb. ): It occurs in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Moldova and the Caucasus.
Aster amellus subsp. ibericus (M.Bieb.) VEAvet. (Syn .: Aster ibericus M.Bieb. ): It occurs in the Ukraine, in Russia and in the Middle East .

Aster ananthocladus Hilliard & BLBurtt (Syn .: Afroaster ananthocladus (Hilliard & BLBurtt) JCManning & Goldblatt ): It occurs only in KwaZulu-Natal .

Aster andringitrensis Humbert

Aster arenarius (Kitam.) Nemoto : It occursonly in Putuo in Japan and in Zhejiang .

Aster argyi H.Lév.

Aster argyropholis hand.-Mazz. : There are three varieties:

Aster argyropholis hand.-Mazz. var. argyropholis : It occurs in Tibet and western Sichuan .
Aster argyropholis var. Niveus Y.Ling : It occurs in southwest Sichuan only in Yanyuan and in northwestern Yunnan only in Lijiang .
Aster argyropholis var. Paradoxus Y.Ling : This endemic occurs only in Barkam in north-central Sichuan.

Aster armerioides (Nutt.) Kuntze

Aster asagrayi Makino (Syn .: Aster ciliosus (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. Non Kitam. ): It occurs in Japan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong and Hainan .

Aster asteroides (DC.) Kuntze (Syn .: Aster hedinii Ostenf. , Aster heterochaeta Benth. Ex CBClarke nom. Illeg. Superfl., Aster likiangensis subsp. Hedinii (Ostf.) Onno ): It occurs in India, Bhutan , Nepal and in China.

Aster auriculatus Franch. : It thrives at altitudes of 800 to 3000 meters in Tibet (only Zayü ) and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan.

Aster baccharoides (Benth.) Steetz (Syn .: Aster brevipes Benth. ): It thrives at altitudes from 0 to 1000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong , eastern Guangxi , Hunan , Jiangxi and Zhejiang.

Aster bachtiaricus Mozaff.

Aster barbellatus Grierson : It occurs in the Himalayas in Sikkim , Bhutan, Nepal and in southern Tibet .

Aster batangensis Bureau & Franch. : There are two varieties:

Aster batangensis Bureau & Franch. var. batangensis : It thrives at altitudes of 3400 to 4600 meters in eastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southwestern to western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
Aster batangensis var. Staticifolius (Franch) Y.Ling (Syn .: Aster staticifolius Franch. ): It thrives at altitudes of 2500 to 4000 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan only in Lijiang .

Aster bergianus Harv.

Aster offers Franch. (Syn .: Aster mekongensis Onno ): It occurs in northwestern Yunnan and in eastern Tibet.

Aster bipinnatisectus Ludlow ex Griers. : This endemic thrives on rocks at altitudes of around 3200 meters only in suction in Tibet.

Aster boweri Hemsl. : It thrives at altitudes of 2200 to 5200 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Gansu, Qinghai, Yunnan and Xinjiang.

Aster bowiei Harv.

Aster brachytrichus Franch. (Syn .: Aster bodinieri H.Lév. ): It occurs in northern Myanmar and in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan and northern to northwestern Yunnan.

Aster brevis hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives on alpine slopes at altitudes of around 3900 meters only in Zhongdian in northwestern Yunnan.

Aster bulleyanus Jeffrey ex Diels : It thrives on subalpine to alpine meadows and on the banks of flowing waters at altitudes of 2800 to 4300 meters only in northwestern Yunnan.

Aster capusi Franch.

Aster caricifolius Kunth

Aster chimanimaniensis W.Lippert

Aster chingshuiensis Y.C.Liu & CHOu (Syn .: Aster hualiensis S.S.Ying ): This endemic only thrives in limestone crevices and rubble at altitudes of 2000 to 2200 meters in Taiwan.

Aster ciliosus Kitam.

Aster coahuilensis S.F. Blake

Aster comptonii W.Lippert

Aster confertifolius Hilliard & BLBurtt

Aster crenatifolius Franch. : It occurs in Nepal, in eastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei , Ningxia , Qinghai , Shaanxi, Sichuan and in northwestern Yunnan.

Aster decumbens (Schltr.) GLNesom

Aster diplostephioides (DC.) CBClarke (Syn .: Aster delavayi Franch. , Aster diplostephioides var. Delavayi (Franch.) Onno , Aster vilmorinii Franch. ): It occurs in the Himalayas in Bhutan, Nepal, India, Kashmir and northern Pakistan, in southern Tibet and the Chinese provinces of western Gansu, eastern Qinghai, southwest to western Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.

Aster dolichophyllus Y.Ling : It was first described in 1985. This endemic thrives only on moss-covered rocks along the banks of running waters in forests only in Longsheng in northern Guangxi.

Aster dolichopodus Y.Ling : It was first described in 1985. It thrives at altitudes of 2400 to 3500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, southern Shaanxi, northwest to western Sichuan.

Aster eligulatus (Y.Ling ex YLChen, S.Yun Liang & KYPan) Brouillet (Syn .: Heteropappus eligulatus Y.Ling ex YLChen, S.Yun Liang & KYPan ): This new combination took place in 2011. It thrives on stony soils at altitudes of 3200 to 3900 meters in Tibet.

Aster ensifer Bosserdet

Aster erucifolius (Thell.) W.Lippert

Aster exilis Elliott

Aster falcifolius Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Aster brachyphyllus C.C.Chang non (Sonder) F.Mueller ): It thrives on slopes, at roadsides, banks of rivers and on rock outcrops at altitudes of 600 to 1800 meters in the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, western Hubei, southern Shaanxi as well as northwest to western Sichuan.

Aster falconeri (CBClarke) Hutch.

Aster fanjingshanicus Y.L.Chen & DJLiu : This endemic thrives on meadows on hills and in rocky locations at altitudes of 2000 to 2400 meters only in Fanjingshan in Guizhou.

Aster farreri W.W.Sm. & Jeffrey (syn .: Aster diplostephioides . Subsp farreri (WWSmith & Jeffrey) Onno , Aster nigrotinctus Y.Ling , Aster vilmorinii var. Nigrotinctus (Y.Ling) Y.Ling ): It grows at altitudes from 1,300 to 4,100 meters in the Chinese provinces of southeastern Gansu, northern Hebei, eastern Qinghai, Shanxi and western Sichuan.

Aster fastigiatus fish.

Aster filipes J.Q.Fu

Aster fischerianus DC.

Aster flaccidus Bunge : There are two subspecies:

Aster flaccidus Bunge subsp. flaccidus (Syn .: Aster flaccidus subsp. fructuglandulosus (Ostenfeld) Onno , Aster flaccidus var. fructuglandulosus Ostenfeld , Aster glarearum W.W. Smith & Farrer , Aster kansuensis Farrer , Aster tibeticus Hook. f. ): It is from Iran via Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan in eastern Siberia, northwestern India, Kashmir, Bhutan, Nepal to Pakistan, Mongolia, Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, northern Hebei, eastern Qinghai, southern Shaanxi, Shanxi, western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and northwestern Xinjiang.
Aster flaccidus subsp. glandulosus (Keissler) Onno (Syn .: Aster flaccidus var. glandulosus Keissler , Aster glandulosus (Keissler) Hand.-Mazz. non Labill. ): It occurs in northwestern India, Kashmir, Tibet and in southern Xinjiang.

Aster formosanus Hayata : It thrives at altitudes of 1400 to 2700 meters in Taiwan and Zhejiang.

Aster fulgidulus Grierson : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 2200 to 3000 meters only in Bomê in southeastern Tibet.

Aster fuscescens Bur. & Franch. : There are three varieties:

Aster fuscescens Bur. & Franch. var. fuscescens (Syn .: Aster doronicifolius H.Lév. ): It occurs in northeastern Myanmar, northeastern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.
Aster fuscescens var. Oblongifolius Grierson : It occurs in northern Myanmar and in eastern Tibet only in Qamdo .
Aster fuscescens var. Scaberoides C.C.Chang : It occurs in eastern Tibet and northwestern Yunnan.

Aster giraldii Diels : This endemic thrives in ravines and open forests at altitudes of 1800 to 2600 meters only in the Huxian and Taibai Shan in Shaanxi.

Aster glabrifolius (DC.) Rich

Aster glehnii F.Schmidt

Aster gouldii C.EC Fischer : It occurs in Bhutan, Sikkim, Tibet and in Qinghai .

Aster gracilicaulis Y.Ling ex JQFu : This endemic thrives on slopes, between bushes and in gullies at altitudes of 1000 to 1300 meters only in Huixian and Qingyang in southern Gansu.

Aster grisebachii Britton

Aster handelii Onno : It thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 3500 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.

Aster harveyanus Kuntze

Aster hayatae H.Lév. & Vaniot

Aster Helenae Merr.

Aster heliopsis Griers.

Aster henryi hemsl.

Aster hersileoides C.K. Schneid . : This endemic thrives on dry slopes on hills and on rock faces at altitudes of 1300 to 2800 meters only in Mao in western Sichuan.

Aster heterolepis Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on stony slopes at altitudes of 1500 to 2500 meters only in southern Gansu.

Aster himalaicus C.B. Clarke (Syn .: Aster mekongensis Onno ): It occurs in the Himalayas in Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, in northern Myanmar, in southern Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.

Aster hispidus Thunb. (Syn .: Aster batakensis Hayata , Aster fusanensis H.Lév. & Vaniot , Aster hispidus var. Decipiens (Maxim.) Y.Ling , Aster hispidus var. Heterochaeta Franch. & Savatier , Aster hispidus var. Mesochaeta Franch. & Savatier , Aster hispidus var. Microphyllus Pampanini , Aster oldhamii var. Batakensis (Hayata) Sasaki , Aster omerophyllus Hayata , Aster rufopappus Hayata ): It is found in Eastern Russia, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and large parts of the world China's spread.

Aster hololachnus Ling : This endemic thrives in glacier areas at altitudes of 5300 to 5400 meters only in Tingri in southern Tibet.

Aster homochlamydeus Hand.-Mazz. (Syn .: Aster ageratoides var. Grossedentatus (Thunb. Ex Diels) Kitamura , Aster trinervius var. Grossedentatus Thunb. Ex Diels , Aster trinervius var. Grossedentatus Franch. Ex Diels ): It thrives in subalpine to alpine mixed forests at altitudes of 3000 to 3700 meters in the Chinese provinces of southern Gansu, southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.

Aster hunanensis Hand.-Mazz. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 500 to 800 meters only in Anhua in southwestern Hunan.

Aster hypoleucus Hand .-- Mazz. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 3000 to 3700 meters only in the Zangbo Valley ( Gyaca , Nang Dzong , Mainling ) in southern Tibet.

Aster incisus fish. (Syn .: Aster incisus var. Australis Kitagawa ): There are two varieties:

Aster incisus fish. var. incisus : It occurs in eastern Russia, Japan, Korea, in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Liaoning .
Aster incisus var. Macrodon (Vaniot & H.Lév.) Soejima & Igari (Syn .: Aster macrodon Vaniot & H.Lév. ): This endemic occurs only on the Korean island of Cheju.

Aster iinumae Kitam. ex Hara

Aster indamellus Griers. (Syn .: Aster pseudamellus GHook. F. Non Wenderoth ): It occurs in Afghanistan, in the Himalayas in northwest India, in Kashmir, Nepal as well as Pakistan and in Yangsi in western Tibet.

Aster indicus L .: There are about three varieties:

Aster indicus var. Collinus (Hance) Soejima & Igari : It thrives at altitudes of 200 to 1700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Yunnan.
Aster indicus L. var. Indicus (Syn .: Aster cantoniensis (Lour.) Courtois , Aster ursinus H.Lév. Non ESBurgess , Aster yangtzensis Migo ): It occurs in eastern Russia, northern Myanmar, northern Thailand, northern Vietnam, Korea, India, Malaysia, southern Japan, Taiwan, much of China and perhaps Laos. It is used in folk medicine.
Aster indicus var. Stenolepis (Hand.-Mazz.) Soejima & Igari : It thrives in protected, shady habitats at altitudes of 200 to 1700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi , southwest Shaanxi, eastern Sichuan and Zhejiang.

Aster ionoglossus Ling : This endemic thrives on open alpine slopes at altitudes of 3100 to 3800 meters only in Yadong in southern Tibet.

Aster itsunboshi Kitam. : It thrives in rocky mountain locations in Taiwan.

Aster jeffreyanus Diels : It thrives on subalpine to alpine open slopes and on meadows at altitudes of 2800 to 3800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan (only Muli) and northwestern Yunnan (only Lijiang, Zhongdian).

Aster jishouensis W.P.Li & SXLiu

Aster juchaihu Z.Y.Zhu & BQMin

Aster kansuensis Farrer

Aster kantoensis Kitam.

Aster kayserianus Schur

Aster komonoensis Makino

Aster koraginensis Kom.

Aster koraiensis Nakai

Aster kyobuntensis Nakai

Aster laka C.B. Clarke

Aster langaoensis J.Q.Fu

Aster lasiocladus Hayata

Aster latibracteatus Franch. : It occurs in northern Myanmar and northwestern Yunnan in Dali , Dêqên and Gongshan .

Aster latisquamatus (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.

Aster lautureanus (Debeaux) Franch. : There are two varieties:

Aster lautureanus (Debeaux) Franch. var. lautureanus : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 2200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi and Zhejiang.
Aster lautureanus var. Mangtaoensis (Kitagawa) Kitagawa (Syn .: Aster mangtaoensis Kitagawa ): This endemic occurs only on the island of Xiaolongshan in Dalian , Liaoning .

Aster lavandulifolius Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives on subalpine rocky hills and on the banks of rivers at altitudes of 2000 to 2900 meters in the Chinese provinces in southwest to western Sichuan and Yunnan.

Aster Leonis Britton

Aster likiangensis franch. (Syn .: Aster asteroides subsp. Costei (H.Lév.) Grierson , Aster costei H.Lév. , Aster likiangensis subsp. Costei (H.Lév.) Onno ): It occurs in Bhutan, in southeastern Tibet and in the Chinese Provinces in southwest Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.

Aster limonifolius (Less.) B. Fedsch.

Aster limosus Hemsl. : This endemic thrives in swampy fields at altitudes of 1200 meters only in Yichang in western Hubei.

Aster lindenii Sch.Bip.

Aster lingulatus Franch. : It thrives on subalpine to alpine grass slopes at altitudes of 2600 to 3600 meters in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan.

Aster lipskii Komarov : Seeds were collected above 3800 meters near Qinghai Hu in eastern Qinghai. Specimens were cultivated from these seeds, on the basis of which the first description was made in 1921. Nothing is known of any further collections.

Aster lixianensis (JQFu) Brouillet, Semple & YLChen (Syn .: Gymnaster lixianensis J.Q.Fu ): This new combination took place in 2011. This endemic thrives at altitudes of 2600 to 2800 meters only in Barkam and Li in north-central Sichuan.

Aster longipetiolatus C.C.Chang (Syn .: Aster trichanthus Hand.-Mazz. ): It thrives at altitudes of around 2500 meters only in western Sichuan.

Aster lushiensis (JQFu) Brouillet, Semple & YLChen (Syn .: Gymnaster lushiensis J.Q.Fu ): This new combination took place in 2011. This endemic thrives on roadsides on mountain slopes at altitudes of around 800 meters only in Lushi in Henan.

Aster luzonensis Elmer

Aster lydenburgensis W.Lippert

Aster maackii rule (Syn .: Aster horridifolius H.Lév. & Vaniot , Aster kodzumanus Makino ): It occurs in eastern Russia, Korea, Japan, Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning and southern Ningxia .

Aster magnus Y.N. Lee & C.Kim

Aster mangshanensis Y.Ling : This endemic occurs only in the Mang Shan in Yizhang in southern Hunan.

Aster marchandii H.Lév. : It thrives at altitudes of 300 to 1400 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang. It is used as a medicinal plant.

Aster megalanthus Y.Ling

Aster methodorus (Benth.) Govaerts

Aster microcephalus (Miq.) Franch. & Sav. :

Aster microcephalus (Miq.) Franch. & Sav. var. microcephalus
Aster microcephalus var. Ovatus (Syn .: Aster ovatus (Franch. & Sav.) Mot.Ito & Soejima )
Aster microcephalus var. Ripensis Makino
Aster microcephalus var. Yezoensis (Kitam. & H.Hara) Soejima & Mot. Ito

Aster milanjiensis S.Moore

Aster miquelianus Hara

Aster miyagii Koidz.

Aster molliusculus (Lindl. Ex DC.) CBClarke

Aster morrisonensis Hayata

Aster motuoensis Y.L.Chen

Aster muliensis Hand .-- Mazz.

Aster mutabilis Vell.

Aster nakaoi Kitam.

Aster neoelegans Grierson

Aster nigrocinctus Ling

Aster nigromontanus Dunn

Aster nitidus C.C. Chang

Aster novopokrovskyi Ilyin

Aster nubimontis W.Lippert

Aster okanoganus piper

Aster oldhamii Hemsl.

Aster oreophilus Franch.

Aster outeniquae Fourc.

Aster ovalifolius Kitam.

Aster panduratus Nees ex Walp.

Aster peduncularis Wall ex Nees

Aster peglerae bolus

Aster perfoliatus olive.

Aster peteroanus Phil.

Aster philippinensis S.Moore

Aster pinnatifidus (Mat.) Makino

Aster pleiocephalus (Harv.) Hutch.

Aster pluriflorus G.Don

Aster polios C.K. cutting.

Aster poliothamnus Diels

Aster popovii botsch.

Aster prainii (JRDrumm.) YLChen

Aster pseudobakeranus W.Lippert

Aster pseudodumosus (Thell.) Bergmans

Aster pujosii Quezel

Aster pycnophyllus Franch. ex Diels

Aster pyrenaeus Desf. ex DC.

Aster quitensis Willd. ex explos.

Aster retusus Ludlow

Aster rockianus Hand .-- Mazz.

Aster rugulosus Maxim.

Aster ruoqiangensis Y.Wei & CHAn

Aster salwinensis Onno

Aster sampsonii (Hance) Hemsl.

Aster sanczirii Kamelin & Gubanov

Aster satsumensis Soejima

Aster savatieri Makino

Aster scaber Thunb.

Aster sedifolius L.

Aster sekimotoi Makino

Aster semiamplexicaulis (Makino) Makino ex Koidz. (Syn .: Aster ageratoides var. Amplexicaulis Makino , Aster ageratoides var. Semiamplexicaulis (Makino) Ohwi , Aster trinervius subsp. Amplexifolius (Sieb. & Zucc.) Kitam. , Aster trinervius var. Semiamplexicaulis (Makino) Makino , Kalimeris amplexifolia Siebold & Zucc. ): It only occurs in Japan.

Aster senecioides Franch.

Aster setchuenensis Franch.

Aster shennongjiaensis W.P.Li & ZGZhang

Aster sikkimmensis Hook. f. & Thomson

Aster sikuensis W.W.Sm. & Farrer

Aster silenifolius Turcz.

Aster sinianus Hand .-- Mazz.

Aster sohayakiensis Koidz.

Aster souliei Franch.

Aster spathulifolius Maxim.

Aster stracheyi hook. f.

Aster striatus Champ. ex Benth.

Aster sugimotoi Kitam.

Aster taiwanensis Kitam. (Syn .: Aster baccharoides . Var kanehirae . Yamam , Aster scaberrimus Hayata , Aster trinervius var. Hayatae Yamam. , Aster trinervius var. Scandens Hayata ): It grows at altitudes from 100 to 3,000 meters in Taiwan.

Aster takasagomontanus Sasaki

Aster taliangshanensis Y.Ling

Aster tansaniensis W.Lippert

Aster taoyuenensis S.S.Ying

Aster tataricus L. f.

Aster techinensis Y.Ling

Aster tenuipes Makino

Aster thomsonii C.B. Clarke

Aster tianmenshanensis G.J.Zhang & TGGao : This endangered species was first described in 2015. So far, it has only been found at an altitude of around 1400 meters on the steep rock faces of the tropical karst of Mount Tianmen in the Chinese province of Hunan.

Aster tientschwanensis Hand.-Mazz.

Chinese early summer aster ( Aster tongolensis Franch. )

Aster tricapitatus Vaniot

Aster tricephalus C.B. Clarke

Aster trichoneurus Y.Ling

Aster trinervius Roxb. ex D.Don

Aster tsarungensis (Grierson) Y.Ling

Aster turbinatus S.Moore

Aster uchiyamai Nakai

Aster veitchianus Hutch. & JRDrumm. ex Y.Ling : It occurs in Sichuan.

Aster velutinosus Y.Ling : It occurs only in the Chinese province of Guangxi .

Aster vestitus Franch. : It occurs in Thailand, Myanmar, Sikkim, Bhutan and China.

Aster viscidulus (Makino) Makino : This endemic occurs only on the Japanese island of Honshu .

Aster vvedenskyi Bondarenko : It only occurs in Uzbekistan .

Aster willkommii Sch.Bip. : It only occurs in Spain .

Aster voroshilovii Zdor. & Schapoval : It occurs in Russia's Far East.

Aster yakushimensis (Kitam.) Soejima & Yahara : This endemic occurs only on the Japanese island of Kyoto .

Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda : It occurs in Japan in Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku.

Aster yoshinaganus (Kitam.) Mot.Ito & Soejima : This endemic occurs only on the Japanese island of Shikoku .

Aster yunnanensis Franch. : It occurs in three varieties in China.

Aster zayuensis Y.L.Chen : It occurs in Tibet.

Aster zuluensis W.Lippert (Syn .: Afroaster zuluensis (W.Lippert) JCManning & Goldblatt ): It occurs only in KwaZulu-Natal.

No more to the genus Aster s. st. belong:

Aster acuminatus → Oclemena acuminata

Aster albanicus (rapier) rapier → Galatella albanica rapier

Aster bakerianus Burtt Davy ex CASm. → Afroaster hispida (Thunb.) JCManning & Goldblatt

Alpen Maßliebchen (Syn .: Aster bellidiastrum ) → Bellidiastrum michelii

Gray aster ( Aster canus W. et K. ) → Galatella cana

Summer aster (Syn .: Aster chinensis ) → Callistephus chinensis

Veil aster (Syn .: Aster cordifolius ) → Symphyotrichum cordifolium

Aster divaricatus → Eurybia divaricata

Aster dumosus → Symphyotrichum dumosum

Pillow aster (Syn .: Aster dumosus -Hybr.) → Symphyotrichum dumosum -Hybr. = Symphyotrichum dumosum × Symphyotrichum novi-belgii

Myrtle aster or Erika aster (Syn .: Aster ericoides ) → Symphyotrichum ericoides

Aster laevis → Symphyotrichum laeve

Lancet-leaved aster (Syn .: Aster lanceolatus ) → Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom

Aster linariifolius → Ionactis linariifolia

Gold aster (Syn .: Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh. ) → Galatella linosyris

Aster nemoralis → Oclemena nemoralis

Raublatt aster or New England aster (Syn .: Aster novae-angliae ) → Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

Smooth-leaf aster (Syn .: Aster novi-belgii ) → Symphyotrichum novi-belgii

Small-flowered aster (syn .: Aster parviflorus ) → Machaeranthera parviflora Gray

Aster pilosus → Symphyotrichum pilosum

Aster ptarmicoides → Oligoneuron album

Aster savatieri → Gymnaster savatieri

Aster sibiricus → Eurybia sibirica

Aster subulatus → Symphyotrichum subulatum (Michx.) GL Nesom

Beach aster (Syn .: Aster tripolium ) → Tripolium pannonicum

Aster umbellatus ( Mill. ) → Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees

Japanese Schönaster ( Kalimeris incisa (fish.) DC. , Syn .: Aster incisus fish. )

use

Varieties of some species are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. (Attention, not everything that is called aster belongs to the genus Aster s. Str.)

The medicinal effects of some species have been studied.

The term "aster" in literature

Gottfried Benn used this plant name in his expressionist poems Kleine Aster und Astern , although it is not known whether he meant the genus Aster or one of the other genus that are called asters in German.

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literature

Luc Brouillet: Aster , p. 20 - same text online as printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 20 - Magnoliophyta: Asteridae (in part): Asteraceae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530564-7 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c GJ Zhang, HH Hu, CF Zhang, XJ Tian, H. Peng, TG Gao: Inaccessible Biodiversity on Limestone Cliffs: Aster tianmenshanensis (Asteraceae), a New Critically Endangered Species from China. In: PLoS One - eCollection. 26 August 2015, Volume 10, Issue 8: e0134895. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0134895
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl Yilin Chen, Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple: Aster Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.
↑ Aster at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 7, 2014.
↑ Guy L. Nesom: Review of the taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), emphasizing the New World species. In: Phytologia , Volume 77, 1994, pp. 141-297.
↑ ^a ^b The genus Aster s. st. according to Brouillet, Allen, Semple and Ito (2001): http://www.jcsemple.uwaterloo.ca/aster_ss.htm ( Memento from February 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
↑ ^a ^b Aster at Global Compositae Checklist . Last accessed January 7, 2014
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Aster in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Aster L. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ China Digital Herbarium: Species Distribution
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 120–122).
↑ Entries on Aster in Plants For A Future . Retrieved January 7, 2014.
↑ Gottfried Benn: Poems . Ed .: Christoph Perels. Reclam, Stuttgart 2012, p. 7, 77 .

Web links

Commons : Asters ( Aster ) - album containing pictures, videos and audio files

Entry in the Digital Flora of Taiwan (English)
To the Tribus Astereae (English)
Datasheet from Tela Botanica (French)