Huysburg

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The Huysburg Monastery is a Benedictine monastery ( Benedictine priory of the Assumption of Mary into Heaven ) on the Huy , a wooded ridge north of the Harz Mountains and nine kilometers northwest of Halberstadt in the Harz district of Saxony-Anhalt .

Constitutionally, the municipality Huy assigned to the Benedictine monastery Huysburg belongs canonically to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Magdeburg , however, is the fact exemt . The patroness is Maria . The Huysburg is the first stop on the Way of St. James in the Harz region and is located on the southern route of the Romanesque Road .

Huysburg, aerial photo (2015)
Monastery complex with Ekkehard house (guest house)

history

After Charlemagne had subjugated the Saxons , the Franks built a military station on the Huy around 790. It served to secure the region against the Slavs . The remains of a ring wall can still be seen in the forest. Ceramic finds indicate a settlement as early as the Bronze Age.

After the expansion of Magdeburg by Emperor Otto the Great , the Huysburg lost its strategic importance. On April 20, 977, Emperor Otto II gave Bishop Arnulf von Halberstadt sovereignty over the forests of Hakel, Huy, Fallstein, Asse, Elm and Nordwand. This is also the first documented mention of the Huys. The lordship of the monastery and its possessions follows the general history of the monastery within the framework of the Prince Diocese of Halberstadt . The Huy ridge was owned by the Bishops of Halberstadt from 977 .

founding

The small farmyard on the Huy, consisting of a stone house and some half-timbered buildings, now became the bishop's court. Bishop Burchard I von Halberstadt built a two-story chapel, which was consecrated in 1058 with the participation of Archbishop Engelhard von Magdeburg. In this chapel there was an altar of Mary and a crypt. In the following founding process, no spiritual or secular donor appeared. Bishop Burchard II , also known as Buko, gave permission from 1070 for hermit women to settle near the small church. The first were the nuns Bia (Pia) and Ida from Quedlinburg and Adelheid from Gandersheim . Dissatisfied with the decaying monastic discipline in Gandersheim, Adelheid left the Marienkonvent there in 1076 to help build the reform monastery on the Huy. The Huysburg conventuals around 1070 were the monks Thizelin and Mainzo (Meinhold) from the Johanniskloster on the mountain in front of Magdeburg.

The Halberstadt canon Ekkehard was entrusted by Bishop Burchard II with the care of the Huysburg chapel and the small community. On December 24, 1080 Ekkehard was appointed head of the monastery, and on June 21, 1081 the Halberstadt bishop donated him the ordination of the abbot. He was the first abbot of the monastery, but resigned his office on August 18, 1083 and died on June 28, 1084.

With Ekkehard, the founding process of the Benedictine monastery on the Huy ended.

Frauenklause on the Huysburg

The three female hermits , who settled on the Huysburg in 1070 and 1076, lived in the episcopal buildings from the time of Burchard I and used the chapel there, which was looked after by the Halberstadt canon Ekkehard. The inclusa Bia (Pia) came with the permission of the Abbess Luthmodis of the Benedictine convent of St. Maria zu Quedlinburg. An ancilla Dei was invited to the Huysburger Klause by Ekkehard from the monasterio in Gandersheim. Apparently during the time of the Abbatiates von Ekkehard, a third clerk named Ida, also from the Quedlinburg monastery, was accepted by him. The recluses were not Inklusinnen , not walled, because the nuns Bia and Adelheid participated in the founding of the reform monastery Lippoldsberg in 1100 personally participate.

It was not noted after 1084 whether the female clergy helped found the Benedictine monastery on the Huysburg. On June 11, 1156, Pope Hadrian IV asked Bishop Ulrich von Halberstadt to abolish the women's convent on the Huysburg and to cease care by the monks. But in 1158 the female hermits still lived there, and Bishop Dietrich von Krosigk had a donation of two Hufen zu Badersleben for the matron Adelheid. Further news about the financial security of the hermits are handed down in 1314, 1316 and 1323. With the death of the last female hermit in 1411, the women's community on the Huysburg ended. Since no women's monastery recognized under diocesan law and no second cloister had passed on the Huysburg, the widespread designation as a double monastery is incorrect.

Economic conditions

The Huysburg monastery owed the basic inventory of its property to the bishops Burchard II and Reinhard . Bishop Burchard II issued a first and quite comprehensive deed of ownership on November 1, 1084. The new monastery received the buildings on Mount Huy, a large part of the forest on the Huy and the entire surrounding area with the land-cultivating owners. The document also shows the donation of the chapel on the Huy, built by Bishop Burchard I in 1058. Between 1114 and 1118 further, targeted donations were made by Bishop Reinhard von Blankenburg. There were new acquisitions in 1138 by Bishop Rudolf I of Halberstadt and in 1156 by Bishop Ulrich. In 1195 there were confirmations of ownership by Bishop Gardolf von Harbke ; thereafter the increase in property stagnated.

Copiarium monasterii Huysburg

At the end of the 13th century there was a financial crisis, but the church economy stabilized again in the middle of the 14th century. Abbot Jasper Edler von Berwinkel created the oldest surviving copy of the monastery in 1403 . Through his notarius publicus Sparenberg, the abbot had all documents, agreements and events from the foundation up to his time described and transsumed. At the beginning of the reform period around 1450, under Abbot Dietrich Brand, a comprehensive registrum censum with assigned documents for the individual locations was created.

In the course of the 15th and 16th centuries, the loan, interest and lease registers were continuously improved. The focal point of the church economy in the 15th century were the large monastery courtyards in Eilenstedt , Dingelstedt , Badersleben , Anderbeck and Sargstedt . The Röderhof on the northern slope of the Huys was built in the area of ​​the deserted Neudorf . The large courtyards were as free farms are held by the sovereign taxes and services.

The peasant unrest in 1525 and the Schmalkaldic War in 1547 caused economic difficulties for the monastery. The military invasions in the semi-urban country between 1626 and 1648 severely damaged the monastery and the monastery rule. It was only after 1677 that Abbot Nikolaus von Zitzewitz brought the monastery back to new prosperity and a further expansion of its property. This was very scattered in the country. The main courtyards Röderhof and Eilenstedt were managed by monastic provisional agents. In 1804 the monastery was closed and converted into a state domain .

Buildings

Three mediaeval sources attest to the constructional development of the monastery from a relatively short period of time. The Annalista Saxo describes Huysburg as locus excelsus for the year 1070/71 and notes that there is a capella built by Bishop Burchard I of Halberstadt . The Gesta Episcoporum Halberstadensium name a capella in a palacium Huiesburch Bishop Burchard I in 1046. According to the Chronicon Hujesburgens , the two superius Quidam altars in the chapel are said to have been consecrated between 1051 and 1059 by Archbishop Engelhard von Magdeburg . It is also reported that the first abbot Ekkehard had a second capella built in the eastern part of the civitas . Under the second abbot, Alfried, the original chapel was demolished while the sanctuarium was preserved and a new one was built. The consecration was carried out by the Merseburg bishop Werner von Wolkenburg. This ecclesia , a three-aisled complex with two floors, was partially demolished under Bishop Reinhard von Blankenburg and rebuilt as an elaborate cathedral monastery until 1121 .

The monastery area, which is over six hectares in size, is surrounded by a quarry stone wall and is located at the highest altitude of the Huywald. To the west on the hill are the monastery buildings with church and enclosure. The farm buildings and the monastery garden are located in the area almost four meters lower to the east. In 1967 the transformer house and the sewage treatment plant and in 1979 the new staircase were built.

You enter the cloister courtyard on the southwest corner through the gatehouse, which was completed in 1786 with three arches . The inscription in the upper arch on the courtyard side indicates this as a sign of the veneration of the Triune God:

saCra deodorant trIno trIpLICI patet absIDe porta, ter trIa fata foras proVIDa Verte trIas.
“The gate is open with a triple arch and is consecrated to the Triune God. Keep away threefold, preserving Trinity, the three evil powers! "

Meaning the three are Fates , the Roman goddesses of fate, the deadly disaster symbolize. It is a chronogram whose capital letters, each representing a Roman numerical value, add up to the year 1768. In that year the restoration of the monastery complex was completed.

On the north side of the courtyard is the cross-shaped, around 48-meter-long monastery church . It is not exactly geosted, but has an alignment of the choir to the southeast. To the east of the church is the two-storey, elongated, baroque convent building , the former dormitory , from the 16th century. In front of it is the monastery square. In its single-storey west wing, built in 2005, there is the consulting room and the sacristy next to the monastery gate .

The Romanesque refectory has been preserved from the south wing of the monastery square, the so-called central building. The library was set up in this hall during the Baroque period . Archaeological and architectural studies in the years 1994 to 1996 and 2006 and 2007 prove that this is an important testimony to Romanesque monastery architecture. Because in the north wall remains of a first building around 1130 have been preserved and the remains of a cloister can be seen. Around 1160 a larger and wider, two-storey building was erected with the two large, one above the other, two-aisled and six bays long halls.

After the nursing home had been relocated, the gutting of the partition walls in the so-called library in the south wing of the enclosure, which was drawn in in 1953, began in 1993. In 1994 extensive construction work began on the northern wing of the enclosure. The magnificent hall on the upper floor of the south wing from the Romanesque period, which was restored in 2008, suggests a high phase in the history of the monastery. The Romanesque hall is accessible again by adding a staircase. The subsequent new building for the administration and guest rooms, completed in 2008, completed the cloister-like structure of a claustrum in 2009.

Today's wide cloister courtyard is flanked in the south by the representative baroque buildings of the former guest house from 1746, also called the abbey guest house , and by the farm building from 1748 with a bakery and butchery. The art-savvy Abbot Arnold Brickwedde had the guest house built by Heinrich Beyer from Halberstadt with cellarist Conrad Nolten. The elaborate, two-storey building has a three-axis central projection with a curved gable. Under the main portal there are coats of arms and inscriptions in the front gable. The Latin inscription See the building listed here under the victory of the Prussian armies. According to the Friedensbund you, oh God, only deserve the honor relates to the Dresden Peace of December 1745 - the chronogram of the inscription is 1746. The house is characterized by a generous room layout. In the ballroom, the so-called Imperial Hall, on the ceiling paintings, which the Halberstadt painter Schape made, are Emperor Franz I and Emperor Joseph II, the kings Frederick the Great and Frederick William II, as well as their wives, including Empress Maria Theresa see. The first restoration work in the imperial hall, on the central painting and stucco additions were carried out in 1965. The bronze plate of the first abbot Ekkehard, who died in 1084, is on the west side of the staircase. In the narrow field of view, surrounded by an inscription, the abbot can be seen in full regalia .

The renovation and restoration of the buildings and the furnishing of the conference and guest house with the name Ekkehard-Haus cost around 17 million euros up to 2008, to which the EU made a substantial contribution with funding.

Like the church itself, the cloister courtyard with its buildings is a successful mixture of architectural styles from the 12th century to the late 18th century. The stately Baroque seems to particularly emphasize the grandeur of the earlier monastic buildings of the Benedictine monks.

Behind the two-storey present-day convent house in the north-western corner of the courtyard there is a small cemetery on the cloister wall up to the west towers of the church.

Monastery church

Building history

The St. Maria monastery church, consecrated in 1121, is an important monument of Lower Saxon architecture between early and high Romanesque architecture. The building history of the church stretches from the Romanesque building phase of the 12th century to a late Gothic building phase at the end of the 15th century and to a baroque building phase in the 18th century. However, there still seems to be a need for research for some time periods. The construction phases from 1083 to 1088 and from 1106 to 1123 are occupied.

Gate tower passage, guest area, parish hall and church

After the destruction during the wars in the 17th and 18th centuries, the church was given a late baroque interior. The architectural changes included the new aisle walls with enlarged arched windows . The main entrance was redesigned in 1756 with a rectangular vestibule. In the west, a projecting organ gallery was built inside the church in 1767. In 1727 the choir was given a doorway on its north and south wall and the Lady Chapel received a new portal.

1974–1977 the church was repainted on the basis of the repairs carried out in 1929. The wall surfaces became white, the architectural parts were kept stone-transparent. Ceiling paintings from 1729 have been cleaned. In 1979 the floor was renewed with red and white sandstone slabs. 1978–1979 a new sacristy was built on the south wall of the choir and the north cloister wing was extended to the transept.

Outside

Floor plan of the monastery church

In its current form, the monastery church is a three-aisled, cruciform basilica with a flat-roofed central nave and aisles with ribbed vaults. It was built from yellowish shell limestone that is available on the building site. While the tall nave wall, the crossing , the two choir apses are made using excellent house stone technology, the other parts of the building are made of rough, hammer-right hand block masonry . 1975–1976 the masonry was re-grouting.

The two towers of the massive west building with the steep Gothic spiers were added in 1487. The copper weather vanes have the representations of the Mother of God and St. Benedict. Both west towers and the crossing tower were re-covered with copper sheet in 1975–1976. The gable roof and the gable were raised in 1492 and provided with a roof turret.

Inside

The main entrance of the church opens into a wide vestibule in the western yoke of the southern aisle. A semicircular apse forms the west choir. An organ loft with an inwardly curved parapet protrudes to the west into the second nave yoke. The elevation of the nave of the monastery church is divided into two floors. The arcature consists of three large round arches, each stretched from pillar to pillar. Between the pillars, a column is set in the middle, which in turn carries two round arches that are recessed in the wall thickness. The resulting differentiated, six-part row of arches gives the church space its lightness and tranquility as a Rhenish column change. The only ornamentation is on the capitals of the pillars of the blind arcades. The six capitals of the nave in Corinthian shapes can still be experienced in situ. There are similarities here to capitals in the Corvey westwork . The capitals in the Marienkapelle are also similar to those in the Ilsenburg monastery church and those in the Michaelstein refectory .

The Marienkapelle was originally the prayer room for the hermits at the service. The statue of Our Lady is a copy of the Romanesque Madonna from the paradise portal of the cathedral in Paderborn . This figure was donated by Cardinal Lorenz Jaeger in 1952 as a sign of solidarity across the border at the time.

The room is filled with light through the large cliff windows . The arched windows in the north aisle are walled up. The eastern parts of the church consist of a very long, rectangular choir and a semicircular apse. To the north, in the original side choir, is today's Marienkapelle.

The baroque porch as today's church entrance has replaced the Romanesque portal. The year of construction ANNO MDCCLVI , i.e. 1756 , is written above the door .

Furnishing

The church furnishings include important pieces from all epochs of the monastic period. The flat ceiling of the church bears a large, baroque ceiling painting by an unknown master from 1729 and was painted over in 1815. During a comprehensive restoration of the church in 1930–1931 and 1933–1934 by Fritz Lewecke, the paintings were also partially restored. The scenes refer to the work of God through Jesus Christ with the sequence of images seen from the high altar:

  • Revelation of the Triune God, whose presence is experienced and venerated in the sacrament of the Eucharist , the Lord's Supper.
  • Annunciation of the birth of Jesus through the angel appearing to Mary.
  • The angels announce to the shepherds in a field near Bethlehem that the Savior of the world has been born.
  • Bodily acceptance of Mary into heaven.
  • Adoration of the baby Jesus by the three wise men from the east.
  • Overcoming Satan, evil will be finally destroyed. Battle of the Archangel Michael with the dragon according to the Revelation of John.

At the same time as the ceiling and wall painting , the church received a new high altar in the east apse . It consists of a six-column colonnade of Corinthian order and magnificent entablature. The high altar with the life-size figure decoration was created under Abbot Engelbert Engemann 1777–1787 by the Halberstadt sculptor Stubenitzki. On the north side, the Holy Pope Gregory the Great appear as patron of the monastery, Stephanus as patron of the former diocese of Halberstadt and the abbot Ekkehard. To the south are St. Mary Magdalene as the patroness of the hermit women, the hermit Pia von Quedlinburg and Bishop Burchard I. von Halberstadt as the builder of the first church on the Huy. Saint Benedict and Saint Scholastica can be seen above. The high altar is crowned by the representation of the Triune God in symbols: God the Father with a scepter, Jesus (Son of God) with a cross and the Holy Spirit represented as a dove.

Altar in the Huysburg Church

The altar painting of the Assumption of Mary with floating angels and apostles was created by the Paderborn painter Anton Joseph Stratmann in 1781–1796 . His son Anton Ferdinand designed the two side altars as a painter, later he became police commissioner, together with the carpenter Eilenkötter from Hildesheim and the wood sculptor Hinse from Söder near Hildesheim in 1793. The northern altar painting shows Mary trampling the serpent, the southern Christ on the cross with Mary, John and Mary Magdalene. They were painted by Anton Joseph Stratmann. The two carved figures on the side of the two side altars represent (unknown) holy abbots.

The carved Baroque pulpit on the north-eastern nave wall dates from 1767. Maria and Mauritius are depicted on the pulpit cage, the coat of arms is assigned to Abbot Matthias Hempelmann (1723–1733) and Abbot Conrad Nolten (1756–1781). The main altar in the crossing was designed in 2006 by Werner Nickel from Nienburg and made in sandstone by Frithjof Meussling from Pretzien. The four bases are found objects from the east wing of the enclosure. The column shafts come from the old foundation walls. Only the cafeteria , the tabletop, was made new .

The tomb of Abbot Ekkehard in the north transept has been preserved from the Gothic interior. It was redesigned in 2004 and is adorned with the word of St. Ambrose: Christ is everything to us. Next to it is the grave of the Magdeburg bishop (from 1970 to 1990) Johannes Braun from 2004. The inscription reads: I believed, that's why I talked. In the southern transept is the grave of Abbot Nikolaus von Zitzewitz (1676–1704), the second founder of the monastery. He had rebuilt the monastery after the turmoil of the Thirty Years War. The large epitaph shows Lazarus being raised from the dead by Jesus. The family coat of arms with the double-headed eagle can be seen at the bottom.

Organ in the Huysburg Church

In the west apse is an early baroque sandstone baptism in the shape of a chalice. Its cup is decorated with angels and fruit festoons in high relief. The scene on the high wooden lid depicts the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist in the Jordan.

The only rosary bell from 1695, 44 inches and 900 kg, still preserved from the baroque peal, was created by Wolfenbüttel caster Heiso Meyer .

Near the exit and the organ staircase there is a Romanesque lintel fragment with an angel holding a banner and announcing a message. It probably comes from the stone choir screens from the Romanesque period that were destroyed around 1170.

organ

The organ on the west gallery was built in 1760 by the master organ builder Adolar Papenius . The Halberstadt sculptor Bartholdi made the organ front with Rococo sculptures of angels playing music on a gallery that was curved several times and also carved at the bottom. Badly damaged by improper restoration in the 19th century, the organ was replaced in 1983 by a new one with 27 registers and mechanical action from the organ building company Eule from Bautzen . It has the following disposition :

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Reed flute 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Pointed flute 4 ′
6th Chamois fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
7th Flat flute 2 ′
8th. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
9. Mixture V 2 ′
10. Trumpet 8th'
Tremulant
II Upper / Swell C-g 3
11. Far-drawn 8th'
12. Viola da gamba 8th'
13. Principal
(in the prospectus,
not in the sill)		 4 ′
14th Fugara 4 ′
15th Wooden flute 4 ′
16. octave 2 ′
17th Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
18th Scharff IV 1'
19th Wooden dulcian 16 ′
20th Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
21st Principal bass 16 ′
22nd Sub bass 16 ′
23. Octave bass 8th'
24. Covered bass 8th'
25th Choral bass 4 ′
26th Rauschwerk IV 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
27. trombone 16 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
  • Swelling step

Until the abolition of the monastery

Bishop Ernst assigned the so-called Abbot Court in Halberstadt to the Huysburg Monastery under Abbot Jasper

Bishop Burchard II certified on November 1, 1084 that the monastery was his personal foundation and an episcopal monastery. Under Abbot Alfried, the monastery was elevated to the status of an abbey with the right to freely elect a abbot. He had the old monastery buildings demolished and houses built better suited to the monk's class. The enlarged, today's monastery church was consecrated on August 1st, 1121 and the abbey was completed in 1133. From 1290 the monastery suffered more and more from financial hardship, but it was not until 1398 under Abbot Jasper Edler von Berwinkel that it was able to increase its holdings again.

During the reform of Benedictine monasticism , the Huysburg Monastery was accepted as the third monastery in the Bursfeld Congregation on March 14, 1444 and remained in the papacy . Under Abbot Dietrich Brand, the Huysburg Convent grew strongly in 1470 with 31 new monks, which can also be seen in the structural changes in the Gothic style.

During the Peasants' War , the Huysburg was plundered and set on fire on May 5, 1525 by a peasant army passing by. The church was not destroyed and the convent remained largely together.

It was not until the Thirty Years War that there was great destruction and devastation in the monastery. With the victory of the Swedes at Breitenfeld in 1631, the great flight from Sweden began among the Catholic priests and religious . The Huysburg monks mostly went to Hildesheim . In 1648 the Peace of Westphalia guaranteed the existence of the Huysburg and ten other monasteries in the area around Halberstadt. The Halberstadt diocese was converted into a principality, and the Huysburg became the center for the Catholic minority in the Magdeburg area.

There was a new upswing in the monastery from 1677 onwards from the abbot Nikolaus von Zitzewitz, who was born in Bessnitz in Pomerania. As a law graduate, he was distinguished by an excellent ecumenical disposition. Under his guidance, the annual dues rose considerably and he was able to introduce 37 confreres to the monastery. His grave and epitaph are in the south transept of the monastery church.

Today's baroque buildings such as the guest house, the farm buildings with the gatehouse and the interior of the church were built under his successors.

The incorporation of the Minden monastery

In medieval times the Huysburg monastery did not maintain any provosts. But on September 5, 1696, at the instigation of Abbot Nikolaus von Zitzewitz, the impoverished Minden Benedictine monastery St. Mauritius was incorporated into the abbey on the Huy with the consent of the Bursfeld Union . After 1690 the Minden monastery no longer had an abbot, consisted only of seven monks and was in great financial difficulties. The incorporation into the Huysburg monastery was confirmed by the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich III. on February 14, 1697. The management of this monastery was from then on a prior appointed by the Huysburg abbot . This Huysburg priory lasted until 1810 after the abolition of the monastery. In 1801 the Huysburg-Minden monastery had 15 monks in Huysburg and six in Minden.

Library history

Huysburg Abbey was looted in 1525. The library was also destroyed in the process, but there is evidence that several books, such as manuscripts and prints, survived the fire and robbery, including some that were bound on the Huysburg. During the Abbatiates (term of office) of Abbot Nikolaus von Zitzewitz, the library expanded again in 1693. Even after the abolition of the monastery in 1804, a considerable number of books and manuscripts reflected the heyday of the monastery and its library. The Huysburg library had about 4,000 printed books and several hundred manuscripts. By far the largest part of the Huysburg book inventory that has been preserved and known so far comes from the end of the Middle Ages. After the abolition of the monastery, the university in Halle (Saale) received its first access in 1810. Six boxes with prints from Huysburg arrived there in 1810, often with the notation Monasterii B: M: V. quod est diocoesis Halberstadensis in Huissburgk. A larger part of over 50 manuscripts and early prints ended up in the hands of the former Benedictine priest (pastor, priest), theology professor, Bible translator and book collector Leander van Ess, a cousin of Huysburg prior Carl van Ess. A large part of it later found its way to the English Sir Thomas Philipps , the greatest manuscript collector of all time.

Verifiable Huysburg manuscripts and books in today's libraries:

A large part of Huysburg's manuscripts and prints are now scattered in several libraries in Europe and America, including:

  • Between 1836 and 1840 the British Museum, British Library , London acquired 13 manuscripts Nos. 26–38 from the 12th to 15th centuries.
  • A manuscript from the 14th century, Cantica canticorum with the number 39, is owned by the Public Library in New York.
  • Most books from the 12th – 15th centuries Century, No. 40–55, are in the Union Theological Seminary - The Burke Library in New York . These include the fragments of the Bible and breviary printed in Paris in 1512 , the Necrologium of the nuns of Hadmersleben , which ran until 1710 , the Martyrologium et Regula Sancti Benedicti printed in Strasbourg around 1500 and the Breviarium Benedictinum Congregationis Bursfeldensis printed in Speyer in 1496 .

Abbots and monasteries

Published chronology and listing also in Leuckfeld (1714), Mertens (1885), Schrader (1978) and Scheib (2009).

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as dept .

  • 1080-1083 Ekkehard
  • 1083-1134 Alfried
  • 1135–1155 Egbert I.
  • 1155-1162 Degeno
  • 1162-1180 Otto
  • 1182-1194 Reimbold
  • 1194–1197 Heinrich I.
  • 1197-1216 Ropert
  • 1216–1219 Matthias I.
  • 1219–1239 Siegfried I.
  • 1240–1252 Ludolf
  • 1252–1257 Konrad I, resigned
  • 1257–1258 Hugo, resigned
  • 1258–1281 Werner von Schermke
  • 1281–1290 Heinrich II.
  • 1290–1300 Bruno, resigned
  • 1300–1303 Conrad II.
  • 1303-1326 Ditmar
  • 1326-1329 Burchard
  • 1329–1334 Egbert II.
  • 1334-1336 Ulrich
  • 1336-1353 Conrad III.
  • 1353-1380 Gottfried
  • 1380–1398 Siegfried II of Dahlheim
  • 1398–1423 Jasper Edler von Berwynkel ( Berwinkel )
  • 1423–1427 Henry III. Dingelstedt
  • 1427–1440 Heinrich IV Schwegerken
  • 1440-1458 Johannes I. Oldenroth
  • 1458–1483 Dietrich Brand
  • 1483–1505 John II Stoppel
  • 1505–1506 Conrad IV of Minden
  • 1506–1547 Hermann Eike von Unna
  • 1547–1568 Johann III. Eike
  • 1568–1583 Johann IV. Köpen
  • 1583–1590 Georg Püstermacher
  • 1590–1598 Jakob Hildesheim
  • 1598–1633 Heinrich von Dellwig
  • 1633–1643 Johannes von Gronenberg, resigned
  • 1643–1647 Sebastian Horn, deposed
  • 1643–1650 Adam Adami , resigned
  • 1650–1677 Sebastian Horn, again
  • 1677–1704 Nikolaus von Zitzewitz
  • 1704–1714 Jodokus Maes
  • 1714-1723 Placidus Conzen
  • 1723–1733 Matthias II Hempelmann
  • 1733–1756 Arnold Brikwedde
  • 1756–1781 Konrad von Nolten
  • 1781–1796 Engelbert Engemann
  • 1796–1804 Isidor Hagspiel

Tyniec Priory

(Affiliated with Tyniec Abbey , Poland)

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as prior .

  • 1972–1981 Father Alfred Goebel OSB
  • 1981–1984 Father Paulus M. Hauke ​​OSB

Independent priory

( Congregation for the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary )

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as prior.

  • 1984–1989 Father Paulus M. Hauke ​​OSB
  • 1989–1991 Father Benedikt Morawez OSB

Conventual Priory

(affiliated with Trier, St. Matthias Abbey )

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as prior.

  • 1991–1993 Father Petrus Henke OSB
  • 1993–2003 Father Dr. Athanasius Polag OSB

Trier Priory, St. Matthias

Convent seal of the Huysburg monastery

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as prior.

  • 2003–2005 Father Dr. Athanasius Polag OSB
  • since 2005 Father Antonius M. Pfeil OSB

Convention seal

The round convent seal of 7.5 cm, which has been documented since 1264, shows the enthroned Mother of God with a child in her left arm, and St. Gregory with miter and crook in his right hand and an open book in his left, St. Maria Magdalena with raised right hand. The legend to be reconstructed from two seals from 1340 and one from 1400 reads:

+ SIGILLUM.SANCTE.MARIE.IN.HUYSBURCH.

The inner transcriptions:

S ( ANCTUS ). G ( R ) EGORIUS: S ( ANCTA ). MARIA.MAG ( DALENA ).

There is still a small convent seal from 1597 and abbot seals from 1263, 1277, 1290, 1340, 1400, 1436, 1452 and 1465.

After secularization until the end of World War II

In the course of secularization , the Huysburg Monastery was opened on October 2, 1804 in the name of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. declared by the war council Krieger as dissolved and converted into a Prussian domain. When the monastery was dissolved, the parish of Huysburg was assigned the abbey church and the west wing of the farm buildings from the gate to the church. The prior of the abbey, Carl van Ess, was appointed pastor of the new Huysburg parish, and the remaining monks were given living space in the west wing. From 1851 the parish was able to set up a Catholic school in the former north wing of the enclosure.

King Friedrich Wilhelm III. In 1823 he gave the Huysburg domain and the Röderhof estate with 342 hectares of arable land to his later General and Field Marshal General Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck . With this donation, the King of Prussia recognized Knesebeck's outstanding achievements in the wars against Napoleon . From 1826, large parts of the monastery square were demolished by the new owner. Some of the building material was used to build a country house, the Röderhof Castle in the Röderhof community . The former cloister of the monastery as well as Romanesque windows and portals can be found there . Some of the Romanesque capitals of the cloister later came to Berlin museums and has been on display in the Bode Museum since 2007 . Gut, the brewery and castle in Röderhof were owned by the Hahn family in 1878 and then finally by the Schliephake family.

From 1929 on, Caritas Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis who were involved in family work, nursing and youth work. The school was closed in 1939 and then used as a training and military training camp for the Hitler Youth.

The Huysburg after the Second World War and a new beginning

During the years of Soviet occupation 1945–1949, a commandant's office was housed in the baroque farm buildings. The Schliephake and von dem Knesebeck families were expropriated. The Huysburg buildings, which had been owned by the von dem Knesebeck family, were occupied in 1949 by a nursing home for the district of Oschersleben and then for the district of Halberstadt. This area was bought by the Magdeburg Episcopal Office in 1992 and the St. Pia Caritas Home was built in Dingelstedt in 1998 for the care facility .

The new transverse wing on the non-public part of the monastery grounds

The Archdiocese of Paderborn established a branch of the seminar on May 11, 1952 Paderborn a seminary for the past in the GDR parts of the diocese. It served the pastoral training of theology students. The former school was used as a living and teaching area for the alumni. The seminary became the focal point of the Huysburg as a church location. Since July 2, 1951, there have been pilgrimages by the communities of the Paderborn Commissariat Magdeburg to Huysburg. The seminary was closed after the reunification in 1993 and the training of priests was concentrated in Erfurt. The baroque buildings were expanded into a family education center and a church center.

With the support of the Polish Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec near Krakow , a Benedictine cella was built on the Huysburg on September 14, 1972 under the title Assumption of Mary in Heaven . The Tyniec Abbey was monastically responsible for it and the Bishops' Office in Magdeburg was responsible for the organization. The former Görlitz pastor and Father Alfred Goebel was appointed as subprior of the cella. The first interested in religious life there were sent to the novitiate in Tyniec. It was the only Benedictine monastery in the GDR alongside the Alexanderdorf Benedictine monastery. During the Solidarność movement in Poland, contact conditions with Tyniec Abbey became more difficult. Therefore the Huysburg became an independent priory on September 8, 1984 with Paulus M. Hauke ​​as its first prior.

In the Romanesque monastery church of the Assumption of Mary with baroque furnishings is the grave of the first abbot of Huysburg, Ekkehards von Huysburg († 1084). The monastery guest house was named after him as the Ekkehard House . In July 2004, at his own request, the former apostolic administrator of Magdeburg, Bishop Johannes Braun , who helped re-establish the Benedictine community on the Huysburg in 1972, found his final resting place in the monastery church. After the diocese of Magdeburg was elevated to an independent diocese in 1994, the Huysburg developed into one of the central pilgrimage sites thanks to the annual family pilgrimage of the diocese of Magdeburg on the first Sunday in September .

The reunification in 1990 brought new opportunities, because the isolation of the priory was now over. After intensive negotiations, on June 1, 1992, all buildings and parcels within the monastery walls that were not owned by the church were acquired by the Episcopal Office in Magdeburg. Associated with this was the development of an overall plan for the Huysburg and the commission of the episcopal office (since 1994 diocese of Magdeburg ) to the Benedictine priory to look after the Huysburg as a church site of the diocese. As early as May 13, 1991, Abbot Ansgar Schmidt from the Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias in Trier took over the management of the Huysburg priory as administrator. On September 8, 2004, the general chapter of the congregation approved the merger of the convent of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias in Trier and the convent on the Huysburg to form a monastic community. Since then the monastery on the Huysburg has had the status of a dependent priory.

The Klosterverwaltung Huysburg GmbH was founded for the monastery administration , which also carries out renovation and expansion work and, as a commercial enterprise, is entitled to receive appropriate EU subsidies.

The building projects on the Huysburg as well as the church and cultural work of the monks and the diocese of Magdeburg are financially supported by the Förderverein Huysburg eV .

Sources and literature

Unprinted and Printed Sources

  • Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt , Magdeburg department, U 8 a monasteries, monasteries, towns, villages and manors in the Halberstadt monastery, A 15 g Huysburg monastery.
  • Document book of the city of Halberstadt, volume I, edited by Gustav Schmidt (historical sources of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas 7.1-2), 1878, p. 150, no. 129.
  • The documents of the Benedictine Abbey S. Mariae zu Huysburg , in excerpts by H. Beyer, communicated by Ms. LB von Medem, and again compared with the copy used for these excerpts and provided with some notes and registers by Friedrich Wiggert (1838) .

literature

in alphabetical order

  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Saxony-Anhalt I, administrative district Magdeburg. Munich, Berlin 2002.
  • Theodor Eckart: History of the Huysburg Monastery. A. Limbach, Braunschweig 1892, Franke, Leipzig 1905. Digitized
  • Karl van Eß : A short history of the former Benedictine abbey Huysburg together with a painting of the same and its surroundings . Halberstadt, office. f. Lit. and Art, 1810. ( digitized version )
  • Eberhard Karnatzki: The Benedictine monastery church Huysburg. A contribution to the history of the Romanesque in Lower Saxony. Attempt at an interpretation. Dissertation Berlin 1943.
  • Johann Georg Leuckfeld: Antiquitates Halberstadenses, or historical description of the previous bishopric Halberstadt and the bishops who lived in it… Explained from old and new historicis… Wolfenbüttel 1714, pp. 687–693.
  • Daniel Lorek: In nomine Domini! The Huysburg - On the history of the seminary. Leipzig 2004.
  • Anne Mueller von der Haegen: The Benedictine monastery Huysburg. Munich, Berlin 1997.
  • Athanasius Polag OSB: Huysburg, Benedictine monastery. Passau 2008.
  • Barbara Pregla, Reinhard Schmitt: New findings on the history of the monastery on the Huysburg and its predecessor buildings. In: Preservation of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. Issue 2, 1996, Berlin 1997, pp. 110-116.
  • Christof Römer : Benedictine monasteries in the Harz Mountains, monastery reform and dynastic interests in the southern area of ​​the Halberstadt diocese in the 10th – 16th centuries. Century. In: Harz-Forschungen 22. 2006, pp. 21-49.
  • Christof Römer, Alexander Dylong, Petrus Henke, Frank Högg, Antonius Pfeil, Wolfgang Milde, Ralf Lusiardi : Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Bd. X-1, The Benedictine monasteries in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony. St. Ottilien 2012, ISBN 978-3-8306-7571-6 , pp. 627-696.
  • Otto Scheib: The chronicles of the Benedictine monastery Huysburg near Halberstadt. On the content, history and locations, especially the annals of Franz Bouvelett OSB and Christian Paullini. In: Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches 120, 2009, pp. 161–184.
  • Franz Schrader: St. Maria on the Huysburg. With a contribution "Tour through the Huysburg" by Johannes Schirpenbach. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1984.
  • Berent Schwineköper (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 11: Province of Saxony Anhalt (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 314). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-520-31402-9 , pp. 223-225.

Web links

Commons : Huysburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Station on the Way of St. James
  2. ↑ Athanasius Polag OSB: Huysburg. Benedictine monastery. 2008, p. 2.
  3. ^ Paschasia Stumpf OSB: Gandersheim, St. Marien. In: Germania Benedictina. 1984, p. 223.
  4. ↑ Christof Römer: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 629.
  5. ^ UB Hochstift Halberstadt I, 1883, p. 281 no. 311.
  6. ↑ LHASA, MD, Copiar 754 b.
  7. ↑ Christof Römer: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 673.
  8. ^ UB Hochstift Halberstadt I, 1883, p. 73 No. 731.
  9. ↑ LHASA, MD, Copiar 753.
  10. ↑ LHASA, MD, Copiar 754 e.
  11. ↑ LASA, A 19, a XI. No. 276.
  12. ^ Annalista Saxo . In: Klaus Naß (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 37: Die Reichschronik des Annalista Saxo. Hannover 2006, p. 416 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ).
  13. ^ Gesta episcoporum Halberstadensium . In: Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in folio) 23: Chronica aevi Suevici. Hannover 1874, p. 95 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ).
  14. ↑ a b Chronicon Hujesburgense: Menzel 1934, p. 137.
  15. ↑ Figure.
  16. ↑ Athanasius Polag OSB: Huysburg. Benedictine monastery. 2008, p. 22.
  17. ↑ Barbara Pregla, Reinhard Schmitt: New findings on the monastery church on the Huysburg and its predecessor buildings. In: Preservation of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. Issue 2/1996, Berlin 1997.
  18. ↑ Huysburg Abbey near Halberstadt. In: Preservation of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. Berlin 1994, issue 2, p. 186.
  19. ^ Elisabeth Rüber-Schütte: A look into the Romanesque. For the repair of the cloister wing in the Benedictine monastery Huysburg. State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt. Halle (Saale) 2008.
  20. ^ Anne Mueller von der Haegen: The Benedictine monastery Huysburg. 1997, p. 25.
  21. ^ Reports of the district of Magdeburg, Dingelstedt, District Halberstadt, Huysburg Abbey Church . In: Monuments in Saxony-Anhalt. 1983, p. 528.
  22. ^ Frank Högg: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 682.
  23. ↑ Athanasius Polag OSB: Huysburg. Benedictine monastery. 2008, pp. 10-11.
  24. ↑ description of the church at huysburg.de ( Memento of 30 April 2016 Internet Archive ), accessed on April 30, 2016
  25. ↑ UB Hochstift Halberstadt I. 1883, p. 73 No. 106.
  26. ↑ LHASA, MD, A 13 Interrogation Protocols No. 625.
  27. ^ Walter Stephan: Benedictine sites in Germany. 1992, p. 196.
  28. ↑ Christof Römer: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 671.
  29. ^ Wolfgang Milde: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 674.
  30. ^ Wolfgang Milde: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 675.
  31. ^ Catalogs: Berlin Manuscripts. 1925, 1932, 1985, 1990.
  32. ↑ R. Schipke, K. Heydeck: Handschriftencensus the small collections in the eastern states of Germany. Berlin State Library, 2000.
  33. ^ M. Stähli: Manuscripts of the cathedral library in Hildesheim. Wiesbaden 1991.
  34. ^ Catalog: Manuscripts of the Saxon State Library in Dresden. 1982.
  35. ^ Catalog: Albrecht von Brandenburg . 1990, p. 211, No. 89.
  36. ↑ Short catalog: Manuscripts in Northern Germany. Wiesbaden 1993.
  37. ↑ Helga de Cuveland: The monastery-Huysburg-Herbarius in Wolfenbüttel. In: Die Gartenkunst 1 (1/1989), pp. 9–19.
  38. ^ E. Bodemann: The manuscripts of the Royal Public Library in Hanover. 1867.
  39. ^ List: List of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the years 1836–1840 London 1843.
  40. ↑ Christof Römer: Huysburg. Abbots and monasteries. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, pp. 686-687.
  41. ↑ a b c d Christof Römer: Huysburg. Abbots and monasteries. In: Germania Benedictina Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 687.
  42. ↑ LHASA, MD, U 5, XIII. No. 143, 144.
  43. ↑ LHASA, MD, U 5, IX. No. 137.
  44. ↑ Alexander Dylong: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, pp. 658-659.
  45. ^ Parish archive Huysburg: Copy of the endowment document, made on August 13, 1823.
  46. ↑ Röderhof at braunschweig-touren.de , accessed on March 4, 2016
  47. ↑ Hans Werner Dannowski: Forgotten Monasteries - Journey into the monastery landscape on the northern edge of the Harz Mountains. Schlütersche, Hannover 2010, p. 54. Excerpts from books.google.de
  48. ^ Father Alfred Goebel OSB: 10 years Benedictine monastery Huysburg. (Flyer) Huysburg 1982.
  49. ^ Petrus Henke, Antonius Pfeil: Huysburg . In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 661.
  50. ^ A b Petrus Henke, Antonius Pfeil: Huysburg. In: Germania Benedictina. Vol. X-1, 2012, p. 662.
  51. ↑ Monastery administration ( Memento from January 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ^ Page of the Friends' Association ( Memento from November 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 51 ° 57 ′ 36.7 ″  N , 11 ° 0 ′ 7 ″  E