District of Guhrau
The district of Guhrau was a Prussian district in Silesia and existed from 1742 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Guhrau . The former district area is now in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
Administrative history
Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation
After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.
In the Principality of Glogau , Prussian districts were formed from the six existing old Silesian soft images Freystadt, Glogau, Grünberg, Guhrau, Schwiebus and Sprottau, including the district of Guhrau. The district was originally subordinate to the Glogau War and Domain Chamber or, from 18xx, the Liegnitz government , but was added to the Breslau administrative district of the province of Silesia in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815 .
During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the district of Breslau, the district of Guhrau received the city of Herrnstadt and the villages of Austen, Bartschdorf, Bobiele, Brenowitz, Bronau, Buschen, Corangelwitz, Duchen, Geischen, Gewehrsewitz, Globitschen, Gohle, Gorkau, Groß Räudchen, Groß Saul, Groß Wiersewitz, Heidchen, Herrndorf, Herrnlauersitz, Hochbeltsch, Irrsingen, Kaltvorwerg, Klein Beltsch, Kleinlauersitz, Klein Saul, Klein Räudchen, Klein Wiersewitz, Königsbruch, Königsdorf, Lübchen, Oderbeltsch, Porlewitz, Rützen Stadt, Saborwitz, Sackern including Zapplauerling , Sandeborske and Wehrse, Sandewalde, Schätz, Ober, Mittel u. Nieder Schlaupe, Schubersee, Schwinaren, Sophienthal, Stadtherrnstadt, Stadtvorwerk, Triebusch, Tscheschenheyde, Tscheschkowitz, Tschistey, Waldvorwerk, Wendstadt, Wikoline, Wilhelmsbruch, Woidnig, Zechen, Züchen from the Wohlau district . The district of Guhrau in turn gave the town of Köben and the villages of Brödelwitz, Guhren, Köben Dorf, Läskau, Mühlgast, Nutrschütz, Radschütz and Ristitz to the Steinau district and the villages of Alt Herdau, Ibsdorf, Neu Heydau, Neu Vorwerk, Rauschen, Schleswig Vorwerk, Schmögerle and Wischütz to the district of Wohlau.
North German Confederation / German Empire
Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz . When the Versailles Treaty came into force on January 10, 1920, the rural communities of Gabel, Katschkau, Roniken and Triebusch as well as the manor districts of Gabel, Roniken and Triebusch from the Guhrau district fell to Poland .
On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the district of Guhrau as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On October 1, 1932, the district area was enlarged through the reclassification of the rural communities Akreschfronze, Alt Neu Heidau, Dahsau, Gimmel, Groß Tschuder, Hengwitz, Hünern, Kadlewe, Kamin, Klein Peterwitz, Klein Tschuder, Kutscheborwitz, Lendschütz, Leubel, Neuvorwerk, Osselwitz, Ostrawe, Peiskern, Pluskau, Schmögerle, Tscheschen, Tschilesen and Wehlefronze from the district of Wohlau to the district of Guhrau.
On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the district of Guhrau was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.
In January – February 1945 the residents gathered and fled in treks from the advancing Red Army and the fighting to the west. In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . In the following period, the returned German population was out of the circle area sold .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1795 | 21,387 | |
1819 | 31,999 | |
1846 | 37,971 | |
1871 | 36,694 | |
1885 | 36,955 | |
1900 | 33,426 | |
1910 | 33,775 | |
1925 | 34,818 | |
1939 | 39,028 |
District administrators
- 1742– Johann von Stentsch
- 1747 George Abraham von Lestwitz
- 1748–1751 August Constantin von Schlichting
- 1750–1753 Friedrich Rudolph von Tschammer
- 1753–1777 George Ludwig von Haugwitz
- 1777–1782 Friedrich von Dyhrn
- 1782–1806 Carl Ludwig Ewald von Massow (1748–1808)
- 1815-1835 Hans von Carmer
- 1835–1855 Ernst von Köckritz
- 1855-1892 Eugen von Goßler (1823-1892)
- 1893–1920 Kurt von Ravenstein
- 1920–1927 Curt Hoffmann
- 1927–1930 Hermann Neumann
- 1930–1932 Ernst von Windheim (1891–1946) ( substitute )
- 1932–1933 Adolf von Thielmann (1879–1948)
- 1933–1943 Friedrich Stucke
- 1943–1945 Wilhelm Eckmann (1897–1945)
Local constitution
Since the 19th century, the district of Guhrau has been divided into the cities of Guhrau, Herrnstadt and Tschirnau, into rural communities and into manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; As in 1881, the district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.
Communities
The district of Guhrau last comprised three cities and 107 rural communities:
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The following municipalities lost their independence by 1929:
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Place names
In 1936 and 1937 several parishes were renamed:
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Personalities
- Konrad Tag (1903–1954), glass artist and engraver
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 188-189, item 2.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 48–57 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
- M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- Lucia Brauburger (author) and Hanns Tschira (illustrator): Farewell to Lübchen: Pictures of an Escape from Silesia (hardcover).
- Jürgen W. Schmidt: The district administrators of the district of Guhrau (1854-1945) . In: Schlesische Geschichtsblätter , Vol. 42 (2015), Heft 1, pp. 1–25 (Part 1), and Heft 2, pp. 45–73 (Part 2).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
- ↑ a b Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th Century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
- ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Rolf Straubel : Biographical handbook of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
- ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
- ↑ a b Territorial changes in Germany
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform in the Liegnitz administrative district, p. 257 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
- ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 36 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 86 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. guhrau.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).