First there was a preliminary round, in which the twelve teams were divided into three groups of four. The two best teams in each group played in the final group "everyone against everyone" for the title. The remaining teams played for positions seven to twelve. Results from teams that met in the preliminary round were carried over to the final round.
The Netherlands were set as hosts. The top five teams from the 1983 European Championship were also automatically qualified. These were the Soviet Union as defending champions, the second Poland , the third Bulgaria , the fourth Italy and the fifth Romania .
Fourteen teams played in three groups for six more places. The two best teams in each group qualified for the finals. In Group A, France and hosts Sweden prevailed over the GDR in Malmö . The Czechoslovakia and Greece qualified without a fight in Group B. From Group C, which played in Maribor , Spain and Yugoslavia, which played at home , qualified .