Leeds United F.C. and George Emil Palade: Difference between pages

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{{Recent death|Palade, George Emil|date=October 2008}}
{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Football club
{{Infobox Scientist
|name = George Emil Palade
| clubname = Leeds United A.F.C.
|box_width =
| current = Leeds United A.F.C. season 2008-09 |
|image =George Emil Palade.jpg
| image = [[Image:Leeds United Logo.gif|emblem]]
|image_size =150px
| fullname = Leeds United Association Football Club
|caption =Dr. Palade won the Nobel Prize in 1974.
| nickname = ''The Whites,<br>United,<br>The Peacocks''
|birth_date = [[November 19]], [[1912]]
| founded = 1919
| ground = [[Elland Road]]<br/>[[Leeds]], [[England]]
|birth_place = [[Iaşi]], [[Romania]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2008|10|8|1912|11|19}}
| capacity = 39,460<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.leedsunited.com/page/Records/0,,10273,00.html |title=Club Records |accessdate=2008-08-05 |publisher=LeedsUnited.com}}</ref>
|death_place =
| chairman = {{flagicon|England}} [[Ken Bates]]
|residence = |citizenship = [[United States]]
| manager = {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Gary McAllister]]
| league = [[Football League One|League One]]
|nationality = [[Romanian]]
|ethnicity =
| season = [[2007-08 in English football|2007-08]]
|field = [[cell biology|cell biologist]]
| position = [[Football League One|League One]], 5th
|work_institutions =
| pattern_la1=_blueshoulders|pattern_b1=_blueshoulders|pattern_ra1=_blueshoulders|
|alma_mater = [[Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|Carol Davila School of Medicine]]
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|doctoral_advisor =
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|known_for = [[Rough ER]]
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|influences =
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|influenced =
'''Leeds United Association Football Club''', commonly referred to as simply '''Leeds United''' or informally '''Leeds''', are an [[England|English]] [[Professional sport|professional]] [[football (soccer)|football]] club based in [[Leeds]], [[West Yorkshire]]. The club's home is the [[Elland Road]] stadium in [[Beeston, Leeds|Beeston]], where they have played since their foundation in 1919. The club has competed at the top level of [[English football league system|English football]] for the majority of its existence, following the disbanding of its predecessor [[Leeds City F.C.|Leeds City]]. However, Leeds competed in [[Football League One|League One]] for the [[2007-08 in English football|2007&ndash;08 season]]; the first time the club dropped below the top two tiers of [[Football in England|domestic football in England]], following severe financial turmoil.
|prizes = 1974 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
|religion = |footnotes = |signature =
}}'''George Emil Palade''' ([[November 19]], [[1912]] &ndash; [[October 7]], [[2008]]) was a highly regarded Romanian [[cell biology|cell biologist]]. In 1974, he shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Albert Claude]] and [[Christian de Duve]], for his discoveries concerning the structure and function of [[organelle]]s in [[Cell (biology)|biological cells]].
[[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png Nobel Medal]]


Dr. George E. Palade also received the U.S. [[National Medal of Science]] in Biological Sciences for " ''pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells...'' " in 1986.
Under the management of [[Don Revie]] during the 1960s and 1970s, Leeds won a number of domestic and European trophies. After Revie's departure to manage the [[England national football team|England]] team, Leeds were relegated to the [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] in [[1981-82 in English football|1982]], not returning to the top flight until [[1989-90 in English football|1990]], when they were managed by [[Howard Wilkinson]]. Leeds were [[English football champions|league champions]] two seasons later, in [[1991-92 in English football|1992]].


== Biography ==
The club's most common nicknames are "''Leeds''", ''"United"'' or ''"The Whites"''. Another nickname is ''"The Peacocks"'', though this is virtually obsolete. This term stems from the former name of the Elland Road, ''The Old Peacock Ground'', which was in turn named after ''The Old Peacock'' [[Public house|pub]] opposite Elland Road's South Stand.<ref name=WAFLL1>{{cite web |url=http://www.wafll.com/elland-road/elland-road-history.html |title=WAFLL - Elland Road History |accessdate=2007-05-08 |publisher=WAFLL}}</ref>.
George Palade received a [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] in 1940 from the [[Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|Carol Davila School of Medicine]] of the [[University of Bucharest]], [[Romania]]. He was a member of the faculty of that famous school until 1945 when he went to the United States for postdoctoral studies. There, he joined Prof. [[Albert Claude]] at the [[Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research]].
Although the club name bears the "AFC" suffix<ref>{{cite web |url=http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:vMco5ZgZH4oJ:www.mightyleeds.co.uk/history/unitedbirth.htm+%22Leeds+United+Association+Football+Club%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6 |title=History of the Club - the birth of Leeds United |accessdate=2006-12-26 |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref>, the current badge displays "LUFC". However, previous badges have included the official suffix in its entirety<ref>{{cite web |url=http://silverfox.infopop.cc/badges.htm |title=Leeds United Fan Club - Club Badges |accessdate=2006-09-11 |date=2000 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=LeedsUnitedFanClub.com}}</ref>.


Palade was married to [[Marilyn Farquhar]], a cell biologist at the [[University of California, San Diego]].
==History==
{{Main article|History of Leeds United A.F.C.}}
<!-- This section is meant to be just a summary. Please do not add further detail to existing information - the [[History of Leeds United A.F.C.]] article is intended for detailed additions. -->
===Pre-Leeds United===
Leeds United's predecessor team [[Leeds City F.C.|Leeds City FC]] was formed in 1904, but was forcibly disbanded by [[The Football League]] in 1919 in response to allegations of illegal payments to players during the [[First World War]]. A new club, Leeds United, was formed and the club received an invitation to enter the [[Midland Football League|Midland League]] from the league secretary, Mr. J Nicholson. Leeds United were voted into the Midland League on 31 October 1919, taking the place vacated by Leeds City Reserves. [[Yorkshire Amateur F.C.|Yorkshire Amateurs]], who occupied [[Elland Road]], offered to make way for the new team under the management of former player [[Dick Ray]].
The chairman of [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]], Mr. [[Hilton Crowther]] loaned Leeds United [[Pound sterling|£]]{{formatnum:35000}}, to be repaid when Leeds United won promotion to [[Football League First Division|Division One]]. He brought [[Barnsley F.C.|Barnsley]]'s manager [[Arthur Fairclough]] to Leeds and on 26 February 1920, Dick Ray stepped down to become Fairclough's assistant.


In 1952, Palade became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States. He was a Professor at the Rockefeller Institute (1958-1973), [[Yale University]] Medical School (1973-1990), and [[University of California, San Diego]]([[UCSD]];(1990-2008). At UCSD, Dr. Palade was Professor of Medicine in Residence (Emeritus) in the
===1920-1959===
Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, as well as a Dean for Scientific Affairs (Emeritus), in the School of Medicine at La Jolla, California.<ref>http://cmm.ucsd.edu/palade/ The home page of (fmr.) Professor George E. Palade
On 31 May 1920, Leeds United were elected to the Football League.
at UCSD (USA)</ref>


In 1970, he was awarded<ref>http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/</ref> the [[Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]] from [[Columbia University]] together with [[Renato Dulbecco]] co-winner of 1974 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine "''for discoveries concerning the functional organization of the cell that were seminal events in the development of modern cell biology''.",<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/</ref>, related to his previous research carried out at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research<ref>http://www.rockefeller.edu/nobel.html</ref>. His Nobel lecture, delivered on December 12th, 1974, was entitled: " ''Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Secretion,'' "<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html</ref>, published in 1992 by the Nobel Prize Foundation <ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.pdf The Nobel Prize Lecture of George E. Palade is in Text Format
Over the following few years, Leeds consolidated their position in the [[Football League Second Division|Second Division]] and in [[1923-24 in English football|1924]] won the title and with it promotion to the [[Football League First Division|First Division]]. However, they failed to establish themselves and were relegated in [[1926-27 in English football|1926-27]]. After being relegated Fairclough resigned which paved the way for Ray to return as manager. In the years up until the start of [[World War II]] Leeds were twice relegated, both times being instantly re-promoted the following season. On 5 March 1935 Ray resigned and he was replaced by [[Billy Hampson]], who remained in charge for 12 years. In the [[1946-47 in English football|1946-47 season]] after the war, Leeds were relegated again with the worst league record in their history.
Pdf 3.78 MB, Copyright©1974 by The Nobel Foundation, ISBN 981-02-0791-3</ref>,
After this season, Hampson resigned (he stayed with Leeds as their chief scout albeit for only 8 months) and was replaced in April 1947 by [[Willis Edwards]].
<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/publications/lectures/WSC/physio-71-80.html .</ref>
===Alongside the Nobel Award===
Dr.George E. Palade received the [[National Medal of Science]] in Biological Sciences for "''pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells through studies combining electron microscopy and biochemistry. These contributions stimulated the growth of the field of cell biology, which he continues to inspire through his own research and leadership, active collaboration, and the training of new investigators''." (Presented by President Reagan at a White House Ceremony on March 12, 1986).
<ref>http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=266</ref>


At the Rockefeller Institute, Palade used [[electron microscopy]] to study the internal organization of such cell structures as [[mitochondria]], [[chloroplast]]s, the Golgi apparatus, and others. His most important discovery was made while using an experimental strategy known as a [[pulse-chase analysis]]. In the experiment Palade and his colleagues were able to confirm an existing hypothesis that a secretory pathway exists and that the [[Rough ER]] and the [[Golgi apparatus]] function together.<ref>[[Biological Science]]</ref>
In 1948 Sam Bolton replaced Ernest Pullan as the chairman of Leeds United.
Edwards was moved to assistant trainer in April 1948 after just one year as manager. He was replaced by [[Frank Buckley (footballer)|Major Frank Buckley]].


His name has become [[eponym|attached to]] the [[Weibel-Palade bodies]] (a storage organelle unique to the [[endothelium]], containing [[von Willebrand factor]] and various proteins) which he described together with the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] anatomist [[Ewald R. Weibel]] (Weibel ER, Palade GE. New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia. ''J. Cell. Biol.'' 1964, '''23''': 101-112).<ref>http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/1/101</ref>
They remained in the Second Division until [[1955-56 in English football|1955-56]], when Leeds once again won promotion to the First Division, inspired by Welsh legend [[John Charles]]. However, Charles was hungry for success at the highest level, and manager [[Raich Carter]] was unable to convince him that Leeds could satisfy his ambitions. Charles was sold to [[Juventus F.C.|Juventus]] for a then world record of £65,000; the loss of such a key player led to Leeds' decline, and the team was relegated to the Second Division in [[1959-60 in English football|1959-60]].


===1960-1982===


<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Leeds United 1969-70.jpg|thumb|right|350px|The first Leeds squad to win the League Championship]] -->
In March 1961 the club appointed [[Don Revie]] as manager. His stewardship began in adverse circumstances; the club was in financial difficulty<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ozwhitelufc.net.au/1957-1963.php |title=1961-62 |accessdate=2006-11-26 |work=Tony Hill |publisher=ozwhitelufc.net.au}}</ref> and in [[1961-62 in English football|1961-62]] only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation to [[Football League Third Division|Division Three]]. Revie turned the team around, winning promotion to
the First Division in [[1963-64 in English football|1963-64]]. Between 1965 and 1974, Revie's Leeds never finished outside of the top four, won two League Championships ([[1968-69 in English football|1968-69]] and [[1973-74 in English football|1973-74]]), the [[FA Cup]] ([[1972 FA Cup Final|1972]]), the [[Football League Cup|League Cup]] ([[1968 Football League Cup Final|1968]]) and two [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]s ([[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1967-68|1968]] and [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970-71|1971]]). Set against the success was an unenvied record of second places; during the same period Leeds were runners up in the League five times, losing finalists in the FA Cup three times, runners up in the Fairs Cup once, and losing finalists in the [[European Cup Winners Cup]]. Revie's last season at Elland Road was in 1974, and he left Leeds to take up the role of managing the English national team.


===Dr. Palade's collaborative research in the 60's===
[[Brian Clough]] was appointed as Revie's successor. This was a surprise appointment, as Clough had been an outspoken critic of Revie and the team's tactics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sport.scotsman.com/topics.cfm?tid=1193&id=1105802004 |title=The manager with the Midas touch |accessdate=2006-12-28 |date=21 September 2004 |work=Tom Lappin |publisher=scotsman.com}}</ref> The team performed poorly under Clough, and after only 44 days<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/people/faculty/pdfs/hope_when_sack_manager.pdf |title=When should you sack the manager? (Page 17) |accessdate=2006-10-22 |date=April 2002 |work=Chris Hope |publisher=www.jbs.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> he was dismissed and replaced by former England captain [[Jimmy Armfield]]. Armfield took Revie's ageing team to the [[1975 European Cup Final|final]] of the [[European Cup 1974-75|1974-75]] [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]], where they were defeated by [[Bayern Munich]].<ref name=WTER>"Welcome To Elland Road", Les Rowley & James Brown (1999), IFG Publishing, ISBN 0953633802</ref> Assisted by coach [[Don Howe]], Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, it remained in the top ten for subsequent seasons. However, the board was impatient for success and dismissed Armfield, replacing him with [[Jock Stein]], who also lasted just 44 days before leaving to manage [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]]. The board turned to [[Jimmy Adamson]] but he was unable to stop the decline. In 1980 Adamson resigned and was replaced by former Leeds and England star [[Allan Clarke (footballer)|Allan Clarke]]. Despite spending freely on players, he was unable to stem the tide and the club was relegated at the end of [[1981-82 in English football|1981-82]]. Clarke was replaced by former team-mate [[Eddie Gray]].
The following is a concise excerpt from Dr. George E. Palade's Atuobiography
appearing in the Nobel Award documents:<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-autobio.html</ref>


"''In the 1960's, I continued the work on the secretory process using in parallel or in succession two different approaches. The first relied exclusively on cell fractionation, and was developed in collaboration with Philip Siekevitz, Lewis Greene, Colvin Redman, David Sabatini and Yutaka Tashiro; it led to the characterization of the zymogen granules and to the discovery of the segregation of secretory products in the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. The second approach relied primarly on radioautography, and involved experiments on intact animals or pancreatic slices which were carried out in collaboration with Lucien Caro and especially James Jamieson. This series of investigations produced a good part of our current ideas on the synthesis and intracellular processing of proteins for export. A critical review of this line of research is presented in the Nobel Lecture''."<ref>http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html</ref>
===1983-1995===


===Dr. Palade's Photograph in 1974 <ref>http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/7/7d/Palade.jpg/180px-Palade.jpg </ref>===
With no money to spend on team building,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ozwhitelufc.net.au/1982-1988.php |title=1983-84 |accessdate=2006-11-26 |work=Tony Hill |publisher=ozwhitelufc.net.au}}</ref> Gray's concentrated on youth development, but was unable to guide them to promotion from the Second Division. The board again became impatient and sacked him in 1985, replacing him with another former Revie star, [[Billy Bremner]]. Bremner carried on where Gray had left off, but found it just as difficult to achieve promotion, though he did bring the club close; Leeds got to the 1987 [[Football League Championship playoffs|play-off]] final but were defeated by [[Charlton Athletic F.C.|Charlton Athletic]] after [[extra time]], a result which prevented Leeds from winning promotion and ensured that Charlton avoided relegation. Leeds also endured a near miss in the [[FA Cup]], losing to [[Coventry City]]<ref>http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/626551</ref> in the semi-finals.


== References ==
In October 1988, with the team 21st in the Second Division, Bremner was fired to make way for [[Howard Wilkinson]], who oversaw promotion back to the First Division in [[1989-90 in English football|1989-90]]. Under Wilkinson the club finished 4th in [[1990-91 in English football|1990-91]] and then won the title in [[1991-92 in English football|1991-92]]. However, the [[1992-93 in English football|1992-93]] season was a poor one, with Leeds exiting the [[UEFA Champions League 1992-93|Champions League]] in the early stages, and eventually finishing 17th in the League, narrowly avoiding relegation. Wilkinson's Leeds were unable to provide any consistent challenge for honours, and his position was not helped by a poor display in the [[Football League Cup Final 1996|1996 League Cup final]] which Leeds lost to [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Leeds could only finish 13th in [[1995-96 in English football|1995-96]], and after a 4-0 home defeat to [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] early in [[1996-97 in English football|1996-97]], Wilkinson had his contract terminated.
{{Reflist}}
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== External links ==
===1996-2003===
* [http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-autobio.html Autobiography written in 1974 for the Nobel Prize]
* Professor Palade's [http://cmm.ucsd.edu/palade/ current webpage] at University of California, San Diego
* George Palade biography and images, [http://cellimages.ascb.org/u?/p4041coll1,110 Image & Video Library] of [http://www.ascb.org The American Society for Cell Biology]
* [http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/ The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize]


{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1951-1975}}
Leeds appointed [[George Graham (footballer)|George Graham]] as Wilkinson's replacement. The appointment was controversial<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ozwhitelufc.net.au/1996-2006.php |title=1996-97 |accessdate=2006-11-26 |work=Tony Hill |publisher=ozwhitelufc.net.au}}</ref> as Graham had previously received a one year ban from the [[The Football Association]] for receiving illegal payments from a Football Agent. Graham made some astute purchases, and by the end of the season Leeds had qualified for the following season's [[UEFA Cup]]. In October 1998 Graham moved on to become manager of [[Tottenham Hotspur]], and Leeds opted to replace him with assistant manager [[David O'Leary]]. O'Leary introduced promising youngsters, and under the coaching of [[Eddie Gray]] Leeds secured 3rd place in the league, sending the club into the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Unfortunately, Leeds' image was tarnished when players [[Jonathan Woodgate]] and [[Lee Bowyer]] were involved in an incident which left an Asian student in hospital with severe injuries. The resulting courtcase took nearly two years to resolve; Bowyer was cleared, and Woodgate convicted of [[affray]] and sentenced to community service.
{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|biological}}


{{Lifetime|1912|2008|Palade, George Emil}}
In the [[UEFA Cup]], Leeds reached their first [[UEFA Cup 1999-00|European semi-final]] in 25 years and were paired against Turkish champions [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] in [[Istanbul]]. Leeds lost the game, but the result was overshadowed by the death of two Leeds fans, Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight, who were stabbed to death before the game.<ref>{{cite web | title=Fans killed in Turkey violence | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/703283.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=2006-09-17 |date= 6 April 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Turk 'admits' stabbing Leeds fan | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/704680.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2006-09-17 |date= 7 April 2000}}</ref> Leeds were only able to draw the return leg at Elland Road, thus going out of the competition. A minute's silence<ref>{{cite web | title=Silence for killed Leeds fans | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/706936.stm |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2006-09-17 |date= 9 April 2000}}</ref> is held every year at the match closest to the anniversary of the incident to remember Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight.
[[Category:American biologists]]
[[Category:American physicians]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:People from Iaşi]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Star of Romania Order]]
[[Category:Romanian academics]]
[[Category:Romanian biologists]]
[[Category:Romanian physicians]]
[[Category:Romanian-Americans]]
[[Category:Yale University faculty]]


[[ca:George Emil Palade]]
O'Leary's Leeds never finished outside of the top five, but following their appearance in the [[UEFA Champions League 2000-01|UEFA Champions League 2001]] semi-final against [[Valencia, CF|Valencia]] their fortunes began to change. Under chairman [[Peter Ridsdale]], Leeds had taken out large loans against the prospect of the share of the TV rights and sponsorship revenues that come with [[UEFA Champions League]] qualification and any subsequent progress in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/10/29/story992865683.asp |title=McKenzie sees rosy future for troubled Leeds |accessdate=2006-11-26 |date=29 October 2003 | work=Ian Parkes |publisher=Irish Examiner}}</ref> However, Leeds narrowly failed to qualify for the Champions League, and as a consequence did not receive enough income to repay the loans. The first indication that the club was in financial trouble was the sale of [[Rio Ferdinand]] to [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] for approximately £30m. Ridsdale and O'Leary publicly fell out over the sale, and O'Leary was sacked and replaced by former [[England national football team| England]] manager [[Terry Venables]]. Leeds performed badly under Venables, and other players were sold to repay the loans, including [[Jonathan Woodgate]] whom Ridsdale had promised Venables would not be sold. Tensions mounted between the pair, eventually resulting in the sacking of Venables, who was replaced by [[Peter Reid]]. By this time Leeds were in danger of relegation, but Reid saved Leeds from the drop in the penultimate game of the season. During this time Ridsdale had resigned from the Leeds board, and was replaced by economics expert Professor [[John McKenzie]]. An unsuccessful start to the [[2003-04 in English football|2003-04 season]] saw [[Peter Reid]] dismissed, and head coach [[Eddie Gray]] took over as caretaker manager until the end of the season.
[[de:George Emil Palade]]

[[es:George Palade]]
[[Gerald Krasner]], an [[insolvency]] specialist, led a [[consortium]] of local businessmen which took over Leeds and under his chairmanship oversaw the sale of the clubs' assets, including senior and emerging youth players of any value. [[Caretaker manager]] Gray was largely blameless for the performance of the team during the [[2003-04 in English football|2003-04 season]] as the majority of the squad was sold out from underneath him and despite his best efforts, Leeds were relegated after 14 years in the top flight. Following relegation, Gray's reign as caretaker manager was terminated, and [[Kevin Blackwell]] was appointed manager. Most of the remaining players were sold or released on free transfers to further reduce the wage bill. Leeds were eventually forced to sell both their training ground, for £4.2m,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3948841.stm |title=Leeds hopeful over new investors |accessdate=2006-10-31 |date=24 October 2004 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and their [[Elland Road]] stadium<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3995041.stm |title=Leeds sell ground after bid fails |accessdate=2006-10-31 |date=12 November 2004 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> in the autumn of 2004.
[[fr:George Emil Palade]]

[[hr:George E. Palade]]
===2004-present===
[[id:George Palade]]

[[it:George Emil Palade]]
The board finally sold the club to [[Ken Bates]] for £10m.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/4191871.stm |title=Bates completes takeover of Leeds |accessdate=2006-10-31 |date=21 January 2005 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Blackwell stabilized the team by signing players on free transfers and low wages and Leeds finished the [[2004-05 in English football|2004-05]] season mid-table in the [[Football League Championship|Championship]]. In the [[2005-06 in English football|2005-06 season]] Leeds finished in the top 6 and made the [[Playoff#English League promotion playoffs|promotion playoff]] final, which they lost to [[Watford F.C.|Watford]]. On 10 September 2006, [[Kevin Blackwell]] announced that within a year the club would be debt-free.<ref name=BBC1>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/5332286.stm |title=Leeds may be debt-free in a year |accessdate=2006-09-11 |date=10 September 2006 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> However, the [[2006-07 in English football|2006-07]] season started badly and on 20 September 2006 [[Kevin Blackwell]]'s contract as manager of Leeds United was terminated. [[Dennis Wise]] was eventually installed as his replacement after a month without a permanent manager, but was unable to lift the team out of the relegation zone for much of the season, despite bringing a number of experienced loan players into the squad . With relegation virtually assured, Leeds entered a Company Voluntary Arrangement ([[Administration (insolvency)|administration]]) on 4 May 2007, thus incurring a league imposed 10 point deduction which officially relegated the club to the third tier of English football.
[[he:ג'אורג'ה אמיל פאלאדה]]
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6624731.stm |title=Leeds Utd calls in administrators |accessdate=2007-05-04 |date=4 May 2007 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6625751.stm |title=Relegated Leeds in administration |accessdate=2007-05-04 |date=4 May 2007 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref>.
[[sw:George Palade]]

[[nl:George Emil Palade]]
The CVA was due to end on 3 July 2007 which would have allowed Bates to regain full control of the club. However [[Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs|HM Revenue & Customs]] challenged the CVA, a decision which could ultimately have resulted in the [[liquidation]] of the club<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6266508.stm |title=HM Revenue to challenge Leeds Utd |accessdate=2007-07-03 |date=3 July 2007 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>. Under league rules, if the club were still in administration at the start of the next season, Leeds would have been prevented from starting their campaign by the Football League<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6277752.stm |title=Leeds 'may not start next season' |accessdate=2007-07-06 |date=6 July 2007 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/sport/2007/07/27/leeds_united_the_unanswered_qu.html |title=Leeds United: the unanswered questions |accessdate=2007-07-27 |date=27 July 2007 |author=David Conn and Matt Scott |publisher=Guardian Unlimited}}</ref>. Following the challenge by HMRC, the club was put up for sale by [[KPMG]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6279340.stm |title=Debt-ridden Leeds put up for sale |accessdate=2007-07-07 |date=6 July 2007 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>, and once again Ken Bates' bid was accepted<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6292746.stm |title=Leeds United resold to Ken Bates |accessdate=2007-07-11 |date=11 July 2007 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>. The league eventually sanctioned this under the "exceptional circumstances rule" but imposed a 15 point deduction due to the club not following football league rules on clubs entering administration<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6920103.stm |title=Leeds hit with 15-point penalty |accessdate=2007-08-04 |date=4 August 2007 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>. On 31 August 2007 HMRC decided not to pursue their legal challenge any further<ref>{{cite web
[[ja:ジョージ・エミール・パラーデ]]
|url=http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/leeds-united-news/Taxman-pulls-out-of-Leeds.3163456.jp |title=Taxman pulls out of Leeds United court challenge |accessdate=2007-08-31 |date=31 August 2007 |author=Paul Robinson |publisher=Yorkshire Evening Post}}</ref>.Wise guided Leeds to the play-off places at the start of 2008, despite the 15 point deduction. However, he controversially quit as manager on 28 January to take up a position in [[Kevin Keegan]]'s new set-up at {{fc|Newcastle United}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7213096.stm |title=Wise quits Leeds for Magpies role |accessdate=2008-01-28 |date=28 January 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>. The following day former club captain [[Gary McAllister]] was appointed as manager of the club<ref>{{cite web
[[no:George Emil Palade]]
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/7215732.stm |title=McAllister named new Leeds boss |accessdate=2008-01-29 |date=29 January 2008 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref>. In spite of this mid-season managerial change, plus the well-publicised 15-point deduction, Leeds went on to secure a play-off place with one game to spare. They were however beaten 1-0 in the final by [[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]] in their first appearance at the new [[Wembley Stadium]].
[[oc:George Emil Palade]]

[[pl:George Emil Palade]]
==Colours and badge==
[[pt:George Emil Palade]]
{{Football kit box |
[[ro:George Emil Palade]]
align = left|
[[ru:Паладе, Джордж]]
pattern_la=_blue_stripes|
[[sk:George Emil Palade]]
pattern_b =_whitestripes|
[[fi:George Emil Palade]]
pattern_ra =_blue_stripes|
[[sv:George E. Palade]]
leftarm = FFFFFF |
[[zh:喬治·埃米爾·帕拉德]]
body = 0000FF |
rightarm = FFFFFF |
shorts = FFFFFF |
socks = 000080
| title = Leeds' first home colours
}}
{{Football kit box |
align = right |
pattern_la = |
pattern_b = _bluehalf|
pattern_ra = |
leftarm = FFCC00 |
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rightarm = 0000FF |
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| title = Leeds' home kit before changing to all white. 1934-1950
}}
In Leeds' first fifteen years the club kit was modelled on [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]]'s blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and dark blue socks with blue and white rings on the turnovers,<ref name=Kit1>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Leeds_United/Leeds_United.htm |title=Leeds United |accessdate=2006-10-13 |date=August 2006 |work=Dave Moor |publisher=Historical Kits}}</ref><ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref> because Huddersfield's chairman [[Hilton Crowther]] was attempting to merge the two clubs.<ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref>. He eventually left Huddersfield to take over at Leeds.

In 1934 Leeds switched to blue and yellow halved shirts incorporating the city crest badge, white shorts and blue socks with yellow tops.<ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref> The kit was worn for the first time on 22 September 1934.<ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref> The club also adopted their first badge in 1934, using the city crest as Leeds City had. In 1950 Leeds switched to yellow shirts with blue sleeves and collars, white shorts and black, blue and gold hooped socks. In 1955 Leeds changed again to royal blue shirts with gold collars, white shorts, and blue and yellow hooped socks, thus echoing the original Leeds City strip.<ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref>
[[Image:Leedscitycouncil.gif|thumb|float|left|110px|Leeds City Council coat of arms]]
[[Image:LeedsUnitedB.gif|thumb|float|130px|Leeds' badge 1984-1998]]

In 1961 Don Revie introduced a plain white strip throughout, in the hope of emulating Spanish side [[Real Madrid]]. A perching owl was added the strip in 1964 as the clubs emblem. The design was a surprise, given Revie's superstition about the symbolism of birds. The owl came from the city crest, which itself was based on the crest of [[Sir John Saville]], the first [[alderman]] of Leeds. In the late 1960s and early 1970s Leeds used the LUFC script found running down the centre of the current badge, however this was presented in a diagonal fashion rather than the current vertical. In 1973 came the embodiment of seventies imagery with the iconic LU smiley badge. Revie's predilection for gimmicks was years ahead of its time, and done with the explicit intention of gaining acceptance from a public outside West Yorkshire.<ref name=mighty>{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/misc/kits.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2006-12-25 |date=2006 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref>

In 1977 the smiley badge was reversed from yellow with blue smiley to blue with yellow smiley and the following year it was back to yellow but enclosed in a circle with the words Leeds United Afc surrounding it.

In 1978-79 a new badge was adorned which was similar to the previous season's smiley but had the design of a peacock.

In 1984 a new club badge was introduced, lasting until 1998, making it the longest lived of the modern era. The rose and ball badge was distinctive, in the traditional blue, gold and white, incorporating the white rose of [[Yorkshire]], together with the club's name.

==Stadium and supporters==
{{Main article|Elland Road}}
[[Image:Ellandrd.jpg|thumb|left|Leeds United's home ground, Elland Road]]
Elland Road was sold by the club in October 2004 with a 25-year sale-lease back deal being agreed. A commercial buy-back clause was also included for when the club’s finances improve. According to a recent Board of Directors statement, Leeds United should have become debt free in the 2006/07 season. However, the club went into administration at the end of the [[2006-07 in English football|2006-07]] season.

Initially the ground was the home of the Holbeck Rugby Club who played in the northern rugby union, the forerunner of the rugby football league.<ref >{{cite web |url=http://www.mightyleeds.co.uk/history/footballinyorks.htm |title=Mighty Mighty Whites|accessdate=2007-01-27 |date=2007 |work=Leeds United Fan Club |publisher=mightyleeds.co.uk}}</ref>. One of Leeds' first nicknames, 'The Peacocks', comes from the original name of Elland Road - 'The Old Peacock ground'. It was named by the original owners of the ground, Bentley's Brewery, after their pub 'The Old Peacock' which still faces the site.<ref name=WAFLL1/>

When Leeds United were formed, the council allowed the new club to rent the stadium until they could afford to buy it themselves. With the exception of periods from the 1960s until 1983, and from 1997 to 2004, the council has owned the stadium<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/jboocock/lufc/briefing.htm |title=Fan’s Briefing Paper |accessdate=2007-07-02 |date=13 August 2001 |work=John Boocock |publisher=Leeds Sporting PLC}}</ref>. It is however owned by a leasing company at present. The stadium is currently the 10th largest football stadium in England.

The most recent stand at Elland Road is the East or Family Stand, a [[cantilever]] structure completed during the [[1992-93 in English football|1992-93]] season, and which can hold 17,000 seated spectators. It is two tiered stand which continues around the corners, and is the largest part of the stadium. The Don Revie Stand was opened at the start of the [[1994-95 in English football|1994-95]] season, and can hold just under 7,000 seated spectators.{{Specify|date=May 2007}} The roof of the West Stand holds a television commentary gantry and walkway for TV personnel.

[[Image:Elland Road 4.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Elland Road from the East]]
[[Alex Ferguson]] has said that Elland Road has one of the most intimidating atmospheres in European Football.<ref>{{cite news |last =Shaw|first =Phil| title =Football: Ferguson prepared for Elland Road examination| work =[[The Independent]]| publisher =findarticles.com| date =[[1997-09-27]]| url =http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970927/ai_n14131572| accessdate =2006-12-26}}</ref> Leeds are 10th in the all time average attendance figures for the [[The Football League|Football League]] & [[FA Premier League|Premier League]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nufc.com/html/attendance-all-time.html |title=All Time League Attendance Records |accessdate=2006-09-12 |date=4 September 2006 |work=Niall Mackenzie |publisher=Newcastle's Unofficial Fans Collaboration}}</ref>. They have the third most rivalries in the English League<ref name=FFC1>{{cite web |url=http://www.footballfanscensus.com/issueresults/Club_Rivalries_Uncovered_Results.pdf |title=Rivalry Uncovered! |accessdate=2006-09-12 |date=2004 |work=[[Football Fans Census]] |publisher=footballfanscensus.com}}</ref> but however are the most hated club in English football as of the start of the 2008-09 season<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article1535214.ece |title=Survey says: We all loathe Leeds United! |accessdate=2008-08-18 |date=2008-08-09 |work=Alastair Taylor |publisher=[[The Sun]]}}</ref>. [[Peter Reid]] commented after being relieved of his managerial duties at Elland Road that "In 30 years I've never seen support like I did at the Arsenal game [at Elland Road] a couple of weeks ago. The fans at Leeds are fantastic." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/3261069.stm |title=Reid reveals regret |accessdate=2007-05-05 |date=11 November 2003 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Reid was also joined by two other previous managers on the eve of Leeds' first appearance in the third tier. Reid said that "the support is fantastic" and "incredible", Blackwell said "fans will follow them everywhere" and O'Leary commented "There is an immense fan base and they are still with the club"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/l/leeds_united/6932029.stm |title=Ex-bosses tip fans to boost Leeds |accessdate=2007-08-05 |date=5 August 2007 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref>.

=== Music ===
{{main|Marching On Together|Glory Glory Leeds United}}
In April 1972 the Leeds squad released a single, "''Leeds United''" with the b-side being [[Marching On Together|"Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!"]] (commonly known as "''Marching On Together''"). It was issued to coincide with the team reaching the [[FA Cup Final 1972|1972 FA Cup Final]]; the vocals on the original recording were by the Leeds team. The record reached number 10 in the [[UK singles chart]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Guinness British Hit Singles 12th Edition||ISBN=0-85112-092-X |publisher=Guinness Publishing}}</ref> Whilst it is not officially the club anthem, "''Marching On Together''" is played before every home game. Unlike many football songs that are just new words set to existing music, "''Leeds Leeds Leeds''" is an original composition by [[Les Reed]] and [[Barry Mason]], purposely written for Leeds United. The song ''Strings for Yasmin'' by [[Tin Tin Out]] is played before kick off at Elland Road, whilst ''Nightmare'' by [[Brainbug]] is played before the second half.

==Current squads==
=== Current squad ===
:''As of 8 August 2008''.<!--N.B. Please update the date if you update the squad list.--><!--<ref name="Stats & Appearances">{{cite web
| title = Stats & Appearances
| url = http://www.leedsunited.com/page/PlayerProfiles/0,,10273,00.html
| publisher = Leeds United AFC
| accessdate = 2008-08-01}}</ref>--><ref name="SQUAD NUMBERS">{{cite news
| title = SQUAD NUMBERS
| url = http://www.leedsunited.com/page/NewsroomDetail/0,,10273~1355522,00.html
| publisher = Leeds United AFC
| date = [[2008-08-01]]
| accessdate = 2008-08-01}}</ref>
{{football squad start}}
<!-- For help using the below template, please see [[Template talk:Football squad player]] -->
{{fs player| no=1 | nat=DEN | pos=GK | name=[[Casper Ankergren]]}}
{{fs player| no=2 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Frazer Richardson]]|other=[[Captain (football)|captain]]}}
{{fs player| no=3 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Paul Huntington]]}}
{{fs player| no=4 | nat=IRE | pos=MF | name=[[Jonathan Douglas]]}}
{{fs player| no=5 | nat=ANG | pos=DF | name=[[Rui Marques]]}}
{{fs player| no=6 | nat=SVK | pos=DF | name=[[Ľubomír Michalík]]}}
{{fs player| no=7 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[David Prutton]]}}
{{fs player| no=8 | nat=AUS | pos=MF | name=[[Neil Kilkenny]]}}
{{fs player| no=9 | nat=ENG | pos=FW | name=[[Jermaine Beckford]]}}
{{fs player| no=10 | nat=ARG | pos=FW | name=[[Luciano Becchio]]}}
{{fs player| no=11 | nat=IRE | pos=DF | name=[[Alan Sheehan]]}}
{{fs player| no=12 | nat=ENG | pos=GK | name=[[David Lucas (footballer)|David Lucas]]}}
{{fs player| no=14 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Jonathan Howson|Jonny Howson]]}}
{{fs player| no=15 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Fabian Delph]]}}
{{fs player| no=16 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Bradley Johnson]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{fs player| no=17 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Scott Gardner]]}}
{{fs player| no=18 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Andy Robinson (footballer)|Andy Robinson]]}}
{{fs player| no=19 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Ben Parker (footballer)|Ben Parker]]}}
{{fs player| no=21 | nat=NGR | pos=FW | name=[[Enoch Showunmi]]}}
{{fs player| no=22 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Andrew Hughes (footballer)|Andy Hughes]]}}
{{Fs player| no=23 | nat=SCO | pos=FW | name=[[Robert Snodgrass]]}}
{{fs player| no=24 | nat=SCO | pos=MF | name=[[Peter Sweeney]]}}
{{fs player| no=25 | nat=SCO | pos=GK | name=[[Alan Martin (footballer born 1989)|Alan Martin]]}}
{{Fs player| no=26 | nat=SCO | pos=DF | name=[[Paul Telfer (footballer)|Paul Telfer]]}}
{{fs player| no=29 | nat=ENG | pos=FW | name=[[Tom Elliott (footballer)|Tom Elliott]]}}
{{fs player| no=30 | nat=ENG | pos=GK | name=[[Jonathan Lund]]}}
{{fs player| no=31 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Jonathan Webb (footballer)|Jonathan Webb]]}}
{{fs player| no=32 | nat=ENG | pos=DF | name=[[Aidan White (footballer)|Aidan White]]}}
{{Fs player| no=37 | nat=ENG | pos=MF | name=[[Ian Westlake]]}}
{{Fs end}}

===Currently out on loan===
{{football squad start}}
{{fs player| no=20 | nat=COD | pos=FW | name=[[Trésor Kandol]]|other=on loan at [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{football squad end}}

===Reserve and Youth team===
{{Main article|Leeds United A.F.C. Reserves and Youth Team}}

===Notable Players===
{{Main article|List of Leeds United A.F.C. players}}

==Personnel==
===Club officials===
{{Main article|Leeds United A.F.C. Personnel}}
{{fb oi header}}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=President |i='''[[George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood|The Right Honourable The Earl of Harewood]] <small>[[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] [[Doctor of Laws|LLD]]</small>'''}}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Directors |i='''[[Ken Bates]], Shaun Harvey, Mark Taylor''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Chairman |i='''[[Ken Bates]]''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Chief Executive Officer |i='''Shaun Taylor''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Catering Director |i='''Norbert Pinchler''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Head of Commercial |i='''Steve Lewis''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Marketing Manager |i='''Hayley Kelly''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Head of Advertising Sales |i='''Ian Smith''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Ticket Services Manager |i='''Katie Holmes Lewis''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Access Systems |i='''Mark Broadley''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Membership/Customer Services |i='''Lorna Tinkler''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg=y |id=Retail Manager |i='''Dan Jeffery''' }}
{{fb oi information |bg= |id=Head of Media |i='''Paul Dews''' }}
{{fb oi footer |u=8 Sep 2008 |s=Leeds United: The Next Chapter - Official Handbook 2008/09 }}

===Coaching and medical staff===
{{Fb cs header}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Manager |s={{flagicon|Scotland}} '''[[Gary McAllister]] <small>[[Order of the British Empire|MBE]]</small>'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Assistant Manager |s={{flagicon|Ireland}} '''[[Steve Staunton]]'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=1st Team Coach |s={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Neil McDonald]]'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Technical Director |s={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Gwyn Williams]]'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Goalkeeping Coach |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Andrew Beasley'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Academy Manager |s={{flagicon|England}} '''[[Neil Thompson]]'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Under 18s Coach |s={{flagicon|Wales}} '''[[Daral Pugh]]'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Head Physio |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Harvey Sharman}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Assistant Physio |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Paul Perkins'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Fitness Coach |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Matt Pears'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Performance Analyst |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Darren Mowbray'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Kit Man |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Chris Beasley'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Coaching Assistant |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Mick Walker'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg=y |p=Head of Recruitment |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Dave Harrison'''}}
{{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Groundsman |s={{flagicon|England}} '''Norman Southernwood'''}}
{{Fb cs footer |u=8 Sep 2008 |s=Leeds United: The Next Chapter - Official Handbook 2008/09}}

==Honours==
===Domestic honours===
[[Image:Leeds United League Position.jpg|thumb|500px|Leeds United's Historical League Position]]
<ref name="leedsfans">{{cite web |url=http://www.leedsfans.org.uk/leeds/history/Honours.html |title=leeds fans Honours |accessdate=2007-01-21 |date=2003-07-20 |publisher=leedsfans.org.uk}}</ref>

;League titles
*'''[[English football champions|First Division]]''' (Tier 1)
**'''Winners (3)''' [[1968-69 in English football|1968&ndash;69]], [[1973-74 in English football|1973&ndash;74]], [[1991-92 in English football|1991&ndash;92]]
**'''Runners-up (5)''' [[1964-65 in English football|1964&ndash;65]], [[1965-66 in English football|1965&ndash;66]], [[1969-70 in English football|1969&ndash;70]], [[1970-71 in English football|1970&ndash;71]], [[1971-72 in English football|1971&ndash;72]]

*'''[[List of winners of English Football League Championship and predecessors|Second Division]]''' (Tier 2)
**'''Winners (3)''' [[1923-24 in English football|1923&ndash;24]], [[1963-64 in English football|1963&ndash;64]], [[1989-90 in English football|1989&ndash;90]]
**'''Runners-up (3)''' [[1927-28 in English football|1927&ndash;28]], [[1931-32 in English football|1931&ndash;32]], [[1955-56 in English football|1955&ndash;56]]
**'''Play-Off Runners-up (1)''' [[1987 Football League Second Division playoff final|1986&ndash;87]]

*'''[[Football League Championship|Championship]]''' (Tier 2)
**'''Play-Off Runners-up (1)''' [[2006 Football League Championship playoff final|2005&ndash;06]]

*'''[[Football League One|League One]]''' (Tier 3)
**'''Play-Off Runners-up (1)''' [[Football League One play-offs#2008|2007&ndash;08]]

;Cups
*'''[[FA Cup]]'''
**'''Winners (1)''' [[FA Cup Final 1972|1972]]
**'''Runners-up (3)''' [[FA Cup Final 1965|1965]], [[FA Cup Final 1970|1970]], [[FA Cup Final 1973|1973]]

*'''[[Football League Cup|League Cup]]'''
**'''Winners (1)''' [[Football League Cup Final 1968|1968]]
**'''Runners-up (1)''' [[Football League Cup Final 1996|1996]]

*'''[[FA Community Shield|FA Charity Shield]]'''
**'''Winners (2)''' [[1969-70 in English football#Honours|1969]], [[1992-93 in English football#Honours|1992]]
**'''Runners-up (1)''' 1974

*'''[[FA Youth Cup]]'''
**'''Winners (2)''' 1993, 1997

===European honours===
<ref name="leedsfans">leeds fans Honours</ref>

*'''[[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]]'''
**'''Runners-up (1)''' [[European Cup 1974-75|1975]]

*'''[[UEFA Champions League]]'''
**'''Semi-finalists (1)''' [[UEFA Champions League 2000-01|2001]]

*'''[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup]]'''
**'''Winners (2)''' [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1967-68|1968]], [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1970-71|1971]]
**'''Runners-up (1)''' [[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 1966-67|1967]]
**'''[[Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Trophy Play-Off]] (1971) &ndash; Runners-up'''
::''(Decided who kept the trophy when the competition was replaced by the [[UEFA Cup]])''

*'''[[UEFA Cup]]'''
**'''Semi-finalists (1)''' [[UEFA Cup 1999-00|2000]]

*'''[[UEFA Cup Winners Cup|European Cup Winners' Cup]]'''
**'''Runners-up (1)''' [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1972-73|1973]]

===Records===
:''For a season by season record of all competitions see [[Leeds United A.F.C. competitions record]]''
:''For the league record against an individual club see [[Leeds United A.F.C. club records#League record club by club|League record club by club]]''

==Personnel Honours==
{{Main article|Leeds United A.F.C. players}}
===English Football Hall of Fame===
''The following have either played for or managed Leeds and have been inducted into the [[English Football Hall of Fame]] :''
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
'''Players'''
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Eric Cantona]] <small>(2002 Inaugural Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|Wales}} [[John Charles]] <small>(2002 Inaugural Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Billy Bremner]] <small>(2004 Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Jack Charlton]] <small>(2005 Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|Wales}} [[Ian Rush]] <small>(2006 Inductee)</small>
|
'''Managers'''
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Brian Clough]] <small>(2002 Inaugural Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Don Revie]] <small>(2004 Inductee)</small>
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Terry Venables]] <small>(2007 Inductee)</small>
|}
===Football League 100 Legends===
''The following have played for Leeds and were included in the [[Football League 100 Legends]] :''
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Wilf Copping]]
* {{flagicon|Wales}} [[John Charles]]
* {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Johnny Giles]]
* {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Billy Bremner]]
* {{flagicon|England}} [[Norman Hunter]]
* {{flagicon|Wales}} [[Ian Rush]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Eric Cantona]]
===FWA Player of the Year===
''The following have won the [[Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year]] award whilst playing for Leeds :''
* [[1964-65 in English football|1965]] {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Bobby Collins]]
* [[1966-67 in English football|1967]] {{flagicon|England}} [[Jack Charlton]]
* [[1969-70 in English football|1970]] {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Billy Bremner]]
* [[1990-91 in English football|1991]] {{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Gordon Strachan]]
===PFA Players' Player of the Year===
''The following have won the [[PFA Players' Player of the Year]] award whilst playing for Leeds :''
* [[1973-74 in English football|1974]] {{flagicon|England}} [[Norman Hunter]]
===PFA Young Player of the Year===
''The following have won the [[PFA Young Player of the Year]] award whilst playing for Leeds :''
* [[1999-00 in English football|2000]] {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Harry Kewell]]
===PFA Team of the Year===
''The following has been included in the [[PFA Team of the Year]] whilst playing for Leeds :''
* [[2001-02 in English football|2002]] {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Rio Ferdinand]]
* [[2005-06 in English football|2006]] {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Gary Kelly (footballer)|Gary Kelly]]

===Goal of the Season===
''The following have won the [[Goal of the Season]] award whilst playing for Leeds :''
* [[1993-94 in English football|1993&ndash;94]] {{flagicon|England}} [[Rod Wallace]]
* [[1995-96 in English football|1995&ndash;96]] {{flagicon|Ghana}} [[Tony Yeboah]]

==Shirt sponsors and manufacturers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
! Year !!Kit Manufacturer!!Main Shirt Sponsor!!Secondary Sponsor
|-
| 1972&ndash;73 || [[Umbro]] || rowspan=2|none || rowspan=14|&nbsp;
|-
| 1973&ndash;81 || [[Admiral (Sportswear)|Admiral]]
|-
| 1981&ndash;83 || rowspan=7|Umbro|| RFW
|-
| 1983&ndash;84 || Systime
|-
| 1984&ndash;85 || WKG
|-
| 1985&ndash;86 || Lion Cabinets
|-
| 1986&ndash;89 || [[Burton (clothes retailer)|Burton]]
|-
| 1989&ndash;91 || [[Top Man]]
|-
| 1991&ndash;92 || [[Yorkshire Evening Post|Evening Post]]
|-
| 1992&ndash;93 || Admiral || Admiral
|-
| 1993&ndash;96 || [[Asics]] || [[Thistle Hotels]]
|-
| 1996&ndash;00 || [[Puma AG|Puma]] || [[Packard Bell]]
|-
| 2000&ndash;03 || rowspan=2|[[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] || [[Strongbow Cider|Strongbow]]
|-
| 2003&ndash;04 || rowspan=3|[[Whyte and Mackay|Whyte & MacKay]]
|-
| 2004&ndash;05 || [[Diadora]] || rowspan=2|Rhodar
|-
| 2005&ndash;06 || rowspan=3|Admiral
|-
| 2006&ndash;07 || Bet 24 || [[Empire Direct]]
|-
| 2007&ndash;08 || rowspan=1|Red Kite || rowspan=2|OHS
|-
| 2008&ndash;10 || rowspan=3|Macron || rowspan=2|NetFlights.com
|-
| 2010&ndash;11 || rowspan=2| &nbsp;
|-
| 2011&ndash;12 ||
|}

==References==
<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags and the tag below -->
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
{{commonscat|Leeds United A.F.C.}}
*[[Football in Yorkshire]]
*[[Sport in Leeds]]
*[[Square ball]] &ndash; A Leeds United [[fanzine]]

==External links==
*{{BBC Football Info|BBClinkname=l/leeds_united}}
*[http://www.leedsunited.com Official Website]
*[http://www.skysports.com/football/team/0,,11715,00.html Sky Sports]
*[http://www.soccerbase.com/teams2.sd?teamid=1524 Soccerbase]
*[http://soccernet.espn.go.com/team?id=357&cc=5739 ESPNsoccernet]
*[http://www.leedsfans.org.uk Leeds Fans]
*[http://www.leedsutd-mad.co.uk Leeds Utd Mad]
*[http://www.wafll.com/loiners/loiners.html 'Loiners of Leeds United'] A complete list of all Leeds born Leeds Utd players.

{{fb start}}
{{Leeds United A.F.C.}}
{{Football League One teamlist}}
{{Football in England table cells}}
{{fb end}}

[[Category:English football clubs]]
[[Category:Leeds United A.F.C.| ]]
[[Category:Premier League clubs]]
[[Category:Football League clubs]]
[[Category:Football (soccer) clubs established in 1919]]
[[Category:West Yorkshire football clubs]]
[[Category:FA Cup winners]]
[[Category:Football League Cup winners]]

[[ar:ليدز يونايتد]]
[[bn:লিডস ইউনাইটেড এসোসিয়েশন ফুটবল ক্লাব]]
[[bg:АФК Лийдс Юнайтед]]
[[ca:Leeds United Football Club]]
[[cs:Leeds United AFC]]
[[da:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[de:Leeds United]]
[[el:Λιντς Γιουνάιτεντ]]
[[es:Leeds United Football Club]]
[[fr:Leeds United Football Club]]
[[ko:리즈 유나이티드 AFC]]
[[hr:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[id:Leeds United F.C.]]
[[it:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[he:לידס יונייטד]]
[[lb:Leeds United AFC]]
[[lt:Leeds United AFC]]
[[hu:Leeds United AFC]]
[[nl:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[ja:リーズ・ユナイテッドAFC]]
[[no:Leeds United FC]]
[[nn:Leeds United AFC]]
[[pl:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[pt:Leeds United Association Football Club]]
[[ru:Лидс Юнайтед]]
[[simple:Leeds United A.F.C.]]
[[sr:ФК Лидс јунајтед]]
[[fi:Leeds United AFC]]
[[sv:Leeds United AFC]]
[[vi:Leeds United]]
[[tr:Leeds United]]
[[zh:列斯聯足球會]]

Revision as of 17:45, 10 October 2008

George Emil Palade
File:George Emil Palade.jpg
Dr. Palade won the Nobel Prize in 1974.
BornNovember 19, 1912
Iaşi, Romania
DiedOctober 8, 2008(2008-10-08) (aged 95)
NationalityRomanian
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materCarol Davila School of Medicine
Known forRough ER
Awards1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Scientific career
Fieldscell biologist

George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 7, 2008) was a highly regarded Romanian cell biologist. In 1974, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve, for his discoveries concerning the structure and function of organelles in biological cells.

[Nobel Medal]

Dr. George E. Palade also received the U.S. National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences for " pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells... " in 1986.

Biography

George Palade received a M.D. in 1940 from the Carol Davila School of Medicine of the University of Bucharest, Romania. He was a member of the faculty of that famous school until 1945 when he went to the United States for postdoctoral studies. There, he joined Prof. Albert Claude at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

Palade was married to Marilyn Farquhar, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Diego.

In 1952, Palade became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He was a Professor at the Rockefeller Institute (1958-1973), Yale University Medical School (1973-1990), and University of California, San Diego(UCSD;(1990-2008). At UCSD, Dr. Palade was Professor of Medicine in Residence (Emeritus) in the Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, as well as a Dean for Scientific Affairs (Emeritus), in the School of Medicine at La Jolla, California.[1]

In 1970, he was awarded[2] the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Renato Dulbecco co-winner of 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discoveries concerning the functional organization of the cell that were seminal events in the development of modern cell biology.",[3], related to his previous research carried out at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research[4]. His Nobel lecture, delivered on December 12th, 1974, was entitled: " Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Secretion, "[5], published in 1992 by the Nobel Prize Foundation [6], [7]

Alongside the Nobel Award

Dr.George E. Palade received the National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences for "pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells through studies combining electron microscopy and biochemistry. These contributions stimulated the growth of the field of cell biology, which he continues to inspire through his own research and leadership, active collaboration, and the training of new investigators." (Presented by President Reagan at a White House Ceremony on March 12, 1986). [8]

At the Rockefeller Institute, Palade used electron microscopy to study the internal organization of such cell structures as mitochondria, chloroplasts, the Golgi apparatus, and others. His most important discovery was made while using an experimental strategy known as a pulse-chase analysis. In the experiment Palade and his colleagues were able to confirm an existing hypothesis that a secretory pathway exists and that the Rough ER and the Golgi apparatus function together.[9]

His name has become attached to the Weibel-Palade bodies (a storage organelle unique to the endothelium, containing von Willebrand factor and various proteins) which he described together with the Swiss anatomist Ewald R. Weibel (Weibel ER, Palade GE. New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia. J. Cell. Biol. 1964, 23: 101-112).[10]


Dr. Palade's collaborative research in the 60's

The following is a concise excerpt from Dr. George E. Palade's Atuobiography appearing in the Nobel Award documents:[11]

"In the 1960's, I continued the work on the secretory process using in parallel or in succession two different approaches. The first relied exclusively on cell fractionation, and was developed in collaboration with Philip Siekevitz, Lewis Greene, Colvin Redman, David Sabatini and Yutaka Tashiro; it led to the characterization of the zymogen granules and to the discovery of the segregation of secretory products in the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. The second approach relied primarly on radioautography, and involved experiments on intact animals or pancreatic slices which were carried out in collaboration with Lucien Caro and especially James Jamieson. This series of investigations produced a good part of our current ideas on the synthesis and intracellular processing of proteins for export. A critical review of this line of research is presented in the Nobel Lecture."[12]

Dr. Palade's Photograph in 1974 [13]

References

  1. ^ http://cmm.ucsd.edu/palade/ The home page of (fmr.) Professor George E. Palade at UCSD (USA)
  2. ^ http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/
  3. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/
  4. ^ http://www.rockefeller.edu/nobel.html
  5. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html
  6. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.pdf The Nobel Prize Lecture of George E. Palade is in Text Format Pdf 3.78 MB, Copyright©1974 by The Nobel Foundation, ISBN 981-02-0791-3
  7. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/publications/lectures/WSC/physio-71-80.html .
  8. ^ http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=266
  9. ^ Biological Science
  10. ^ http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/1/101
  11. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-autobio.html
  12. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html
  13. ^ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/7/7d/Palade.jpg/180px-Palade.jpg

Sources

  • "Tribute to Professor George E. Palade". J. Cell. Mol. Med. 11 (1). Romania: 2–3. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00018.x. ISSN 1582-1838. PMID 17367496. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |month=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Singer, Manfred V (2003). "Legacy of a distinguished scientist: George E. Palade". Pancreatology. 3 (6). Switzerland: 518–9. doi:10.1159/000076328. ISSN 1424-3903. PMID 14730177. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Haulică, I. "[Professor doctor George Emil Palade at 90 years of age]". Revista medico-chirurgicală a Societăţii de Medici şi Naturalişti din Iaşi. 107 (2). Romania: 223–5. ISSN 0300-8738. PMID 12638263. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Tartakoff, Alan M (2002). "George Emil Palade: charismatic virtuoso of cell biology". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3 (11). England: 871–6. doi:10.1038/nrm953. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 12415304. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Motta, P M (2001). "George Emil Palade and Don Wayne Fawcett and the development of modern anatomy, histology and contemporary cell biology". Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia. 106 (2 Suppl 1). Italy: XXI–XXXVIII. ISSN 1122-6714. PMID 11730003. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Farquhar, M G (1999). "Glomerular permeability I. Ferritin transfer across the normal glomerular capillary wall. 1961". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10 (12). UNITED STATES: 2645–62. ISSN 1046-6673. PMID 10589706. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Raju, T N (1999). "The Nobel chronicles. 1974: Albert Claude (1899-1983), George Emil Palade (b 1912), and Christian Réne de Duve (b 1917)". Lancet. 354 (9185). ENGLAND: 1219. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10513750. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Sabatini, D D (1999). "George E. Palade: charting the secretory pathway". Trends Cell Biol. 9 (10). ENGLAND: 413–7. ISSN 0962-8924. PMID 10481180. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Motta, P M. "George Emil Palade and Don Wayne Fawcett and the development of modern anatomy, histology and contemporary cell biology". Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia. 103 (2). ITALY: 65–81. ISSN 1122-6714. PMID 9719773. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Porter, K R (1983). "An informal tribute to George E. Palade". J. Cell Biol. 97 (1). UNITED STATES: D3-7. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 6345553. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Tashiro, Y (1975). "[Accomplishment of Drs. Albert Calude and George E. Palade and the birth of cell biology]". Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 20 (1). JAPAN: 74–6. ISSN 0039-9450. PMID 1094498. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Magner, J W (1975). "Current medical literature". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 64 (1). INDIA: 20–2. ISSN 0019-5847. PMID 1094070. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • "George E. Palade". Triangle; the Sandoz journal of medical science. 9 (6). SWITZERLAND: 229–30. 1970. ISSN 0041-2597. PMID 4927031. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |month=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)

External links

{{subst:#if:Palade, George Emil|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1912}} 

|| UNKNOWN | MISSING = Year of birth missing {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:2008}}||LIVING=(living people)}}
| #default = 1912 births

}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:2008}} 

|| LIVING  = 
| MISSING  = 
| UNKNOWN  = 
| #default =

}}

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