Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate
Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate
Map of Germany, position of the city of Auerbach highlighted in the Upper Palatinate

Coordinates: 49 ° 42 '  N , 11 ° 38'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
County : Amberg-Sulzbach
Height : 435 m above sea level NHN
Area : 78.26 km 2
Residents: 8781 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 112 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91275
Area code : 09643
License plate : AS, BUL , ESB , NAB , SUL
Community key : 09 3 71 113
City structure: 37 districts

City administration address : 		Oberer Marktplatz 1
91275 Auerbach idOPf.
Website : www.auerbach.de
First Mayor : Joachim Neuss ( upswing Auerbach 2000 / FW )
Location of the city of Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach
Auerbach in der Oberpfalz Königstein (Oberpfalz) Hirschbach (Oberpfalz) Etzelwang Weigendorf Birgland Kastl (Lauterachtal) Edelsfeld Edelsfeld Vilseck Neukirchen bei Sulzbach-Rosenberg Sulzbach-Rosenberg Eichen (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Freihung Hirschau Gebenbach Schnaittenbach Hahnbach Illschwang Freudenberg (Oberpfalz) Ursensollen Ebermannsdorf Ensdorf (Oberpfalz) Kümmersbruck Rieden (Oberpfalz) Hohenburg Schmidmühlen Poppenricht Ammerthal Amberg Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaab Weiden in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Schwandorf Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Nürnberger Land Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalzmap
About this picture
Town hall of Auerbach

Auerbach in der Oberpfalz (officially: Auerbach idOPf. ) Is a town in the Upper Palatinate district of Amberg-Sulzbach , about 45 kilometers northeast of Nuremberg . For centuries (until 1987) high-quality iron ore was mined in and around the city .

geography

location

The city lies on several small streams , including the branched Speckbach. In the urban area, these flow into the large town pond, which is followed by the small town pond. The federal highway 85 cuts through the city from northwest to southeast .

City structure

To Auerbach idOPf. 37 municipal parts belong to:

history

A monastery complex in the beginning of the 12th century

In 1119, Bishop Otto the Saint of Bamberg founded the Benedictine monastery Michelfeld a good three kilometers northwest of the small village Urbach . When the hustle and bustle of the merchants, traders and craftsmen around the monastery became too great, its abbot Adalbert asked Bamberg's bishop Egilbert to move the market to Urbach; that was done in 1144. Shortly afterwards Urbach received the market rights of the nearby Hopfenohe (approx. 5 km eastwards in today's Grafenwöhr military training area) and in the following years developed into a center for the whole area.

Between the 14th and 17th centuries

Auerbach was made a town in 1314 by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian . Emperor Charles IV made the town the capital of New Bohemia in 1373, his son and successor King Wenceslaus set up his own minting workshop around 1390. From 1373 Auerbach was the seat of a regional court, which existed with a short interruption (1804-1841) until 1862 and then continued as a district court until 1973. In October 1380 the papal legate , Cardinal Pietro Pileo di Prata, visited the city.

On September 23, 1400, King Ruprecht's troops of the Palatinate captured the city ​​of Auerbach, which from then on belonged to the Upper Palatinate ; their suffix OPf. stems from this.

Auerbach was badly destroyed during the Hussite procession in early 1430. A local story reports, in the year 1430 “… a really bad wind came from Bohemia, and a time of horror and devastation broke in. The believing Hussites crossed ... the Palatinate with fire and sword and marked each of their barbaric steps with the wildest fury and branded everything with the most exuberant destruction. Their path was destruction, flame, blood, robbery, and lamentation, one after the other. Like unexpected downpours, the rabble rushed up in a hurry. Already there was almost no place left that was not shaken by the blow of devastation. ... The number of frenzied heretics, howling like wolves, was enormous and cruel, was so numerous around the monastery in the neighboring towns that they covered the surface of the earth like teeming locusts. ”(Johannes Neubig: Auerbach, the former circle - and district court town in the Upper Palatinate , page 28 ff.)

During the Reformation , the inhabitants of the city and its surrounding area sympathized with Lutheranism as early as the 1520s, which was initially tolerated by the sovereign and officially introduced in 1556. The population offered active and passive resistance to various attempts by later electors to enforce Calvinism . After Maximilian of Bavaria received the Palatinate electoral dignity in 1623 and the Upper Palatinate and the Middle Palatinate on the right bank of the Rhine from the Emperor, his subjects had to become Catholic again.

During the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) Auerbach was captured several times by Swedish and Bavarian troops. A great plague epidemic in 1634 also made the residents feel very bad in the first half of the 17th century.

Since the 20th century

The expansion of the Grafenwöhr military training area from 1936 represented a huge cut in the development of the city ; Auerbach lost part of its eastern hinterland, the district court and 24 places with their residents.

In the district of Michelfeld there is the former Benedictine monastery Michelfeld, which houses a Regens-Wagner facility . The baroque parish church of St. Johannes Evangelista with works of art by the brothers Cosmas Damian and Egid Quirin Asam is worth seeing .

Incorporations

On August 1, 1950, part of the community Ebersberg was incorporated. Ranna joined on January 1, 1972.

In the course of the municipal area reform , today's city of Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate was made up of the former municipalities of Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate, Degelsdorf (with the parts of the former municipalities of Steinamwasser and Zogenreuth incorporated in 1946 and the territorial parts incorporated on July 1, 1972) on May 1, 1978 von Zogenreuth) , Gunzendorf (with the parts of the former municipality of Steinamwasser incorporated in 1946) , Michelfeld (with the parts of the former municipality of Steinamwasser incorporated in 1946) , Nasnitz, Nitzlbuch (with the parts of the former municipality incorporated on November 1, 1949 Ebersberg) and Ranzenthal.

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the population decreased from 8955 to 8818 by 137 or 1.5%.

politics

City council

The local elections on March 15, 2020 resulted in the following occupation for the next six years:

CSU 5 seats (23.81%)
GREEN 1 seat (6.80%)
SPD 5 seats (21.22%)
Upswing Auerbach 2000 / Free Voters 5 seats (25.46%)
Christian Surrounding Union 2 seats (9.22%)
Young Free Voters 1 seat (6.74%)
Young Auerbach area 1 seats (6.16%)

Compared to the 2014 to 2020 term of office, the CSU and the Christian Umland Union each had to surrender one seat, the Young Free Voters and the Young Auerbacher Umland each came with one mandate to the city council.

The turnout was 62.44%.

mayor

The first mayor has been Joachim Neuss since May 1, 2008, who was nominated by Free Voters / Aufschwung Auerbach and was confirmed for another six years on March 15, 2020 with two competitors with 64.86% of the votes.

coat of arms

Coat of arms Auerbach Oberpfalz.svg

Official description of the coat of arms

Blazon: “A gold-armored aurochs striding in silver on a green three-mountain, who wears a square shield around his neck on a red strap; therein in 1 and 4 a lion crowned in red and armed in red , in 2 and 3 the Bavarian diamonds. "

History of the coat of arms

Even the oldest seal of Auerbach found so far from 1409 contains the Ur or Auroch as a heraldic animal. It is therefore a talking coat of arms . In 1819 it had to give way to a rather simple and not very informative city coat of arms, because the mayor at the time did not want to sign next to an "ox". It was not until 1963 that the Auerochs was allowed to return to the Auerbach coat of arms.

Sponsorship and partnerships

Culture, sights and sports

Eisenstrasse and a church building

  • The Bavarian Iron Road runs through Auerbach and connects industrial and cultural monuments between Pegnitz and Regensburg .
  • Pinzigberg with the Maria Hilf chapel
Tower of the parish church of St. John
Interior of the parish church of St. John
Former district court in Auerbach

Sweden Tower

The Swedish Tower was originally built as part of the city's medieval fortifications. The round Swedish tower , which is around eight meters high today, was originally called the Faulenturm , and it owes the name of the Swedish tower to its owner from 1796, Kaspar Leißner, known as "the Swedish". He acquired the tower on the advice of the government from Mayor Ibscher, when the remaining city wall towers were auctioned. The adjacent alley bears the street name Am Schwedenturm .

Rabenfels rock tower (March 2014)

Worth seeing in nature

Sports

SV 08 Auerbach is known nationwide , and its men's handball team has played in the third division from 2012 to 2014 and again since the 2015/2016 season .

Economy and Infrastructure

Mining

Maffei I and II iron ore mines , Nitzlbuch, 1950

Iron ore was mined around Auerbach for centuries until 1987. That is why Auerbach is still popularly called mining - or mining town .

In 1904, sinking work for the Maffei I and Maffei II shafts began on the mine field in Nitzlbuch . The Leonie iron ore mine with its 194 meter deep shaft was only opened in 1977. There was a mine railway that transported the ore with six electric locomotives.

From 1903 to 1982, the mined iron ore was first transported by cable car from the mines to Auerbach station and then by rail on the Ranna – Auerbach railway to the blast furnaces of the Maxhütte in Sulzbach-Rosenberg.

The very rare mineral Churchite- (Y) , out of date Weinschenkit ((Y, Er, La) [PO 4 ] · 2 H 2 O), was also found in the Maffei I – II and Leonie pits. It is the only known site of this mineral in Germany.

Heck cattle in the Grubenfelder Leonie nature reserve

The Leonie iron ore mine was not closed until the Maxhütte in Sulzbach-Rosenberg went bankrupt in 1987 . Today the site is the Grubenfelder Leonie nature reserve and is kept open by grazing with Heck cattle and Exmoor horses . In the vicinity of the district of Ranna there are strong springs that feed Nuremberg's drinking water supply.

In the 86 years of iron ore mining in Auerbach, a total of 21 million tons of iron ore were mined, 16 million tons of which came from the Maffei mine and 5 million tons from the Leonie mine. After the end of mining, around 20 million tons of high-quality iron ore are still available in a large explored deposit in the north of the city, but mining it would not be profitable at the moment.

Established businesses

traffic

Rail transport

Until March 21, 1982 Auerbach was the end point of the Ranna – Auerbach railway line . The route is dismantled today.

In the district of Michelfeld, the Pegnitz Valley Railway (KBS 891) crosses the municipality, but there is no traffic stop.

Road traffic

To the west of Auerbach, federal highway 85 and federal highway 470 come together .

Public transport

In terms of tariffs, Auerbach is integrated into the transport association for the greater Nuremberg area (VGN) and the Upper Palatinate North fare association (TON).

The local bus companies have joined forces to form the Amberg-Sulzbach transport association and operate the following bus routes, which open up the municipality:

  • VGN 450 / VAS 50 to Pegnitz ( RBO Regionalbus Ostbayern GmbH and Cermak Reisen)
  • VGN 452 / VAS 52 to Neuhaus an der Pegnitz and in the opposite direction as RBO 6269 to Pressath (RBO Regionalbus Ostbayern GmbH)
  • VGN 457 / VAS 57 to Amberg via Sulzbach-Rosenberg (RBO Regionalbus Ostbayern GmbH)
  • VGN 441 / VAS 41 (public) school and local line to Hagenohe (Cermak Reisen)
  • VGN 442 / VAS 42 (public) school and local line to Nitzlbuch (Cermak Reisen)
  • VGN 339 from May to October on Sundays and public holidays as the "Auerbacher Erz-Express" leisure line to the Neuhaus and Pegnitz stations (Cermak Reisen)

Hiking trails

The Franconian Marienweg runs through Auerbach .

graveyard

Since 1987 there has been a communal grave in the cemetery with the remains of 32 Soviet prisoners of war from Stalag IV B Falkenau / Eger, who were reburied from a former cemetery at the Grafenwoehr military training area . A Russian Orthodox grave cross with a plaque commemorates them.

Personalities

literature

  • Hans-Jürgen Kugler: Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate - the history of its houses and families . ( Table of contents online )
    • Volume 1, 2008. House chronicle of the southern old town with 544 pages and 1184 historical photos.
    • Volume 2, 2010. House chronicle of the northern old town with 552 pages and 1485 historical photos.

Web links

Commons : Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Auerbach in the Topographia Bavariae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ City of Auerbach: Mayor. Retrieved May 18, 2020 .
  3. ^ City of Auerbach in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on January 23, 2018.
  4. ↑ Website about the history of Auerbach; to Cardinal Pileo di Prata under the section "The Angel Mass"
  5. ↑ Fritz Schnelbögl : Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate . Auerbach 1976, p. 142-148 .
  6. ^ A b c d e Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 459 .
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 639 .
  8. ↑ City Council election 2020 , accessed on July 22, 2020
  9. ↑ Mayoral election 2020 , accessed on July 22, 2020
  10. ↑ The Swedes Tower of Auerbach
  11. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 115 f.