Bergen (District of Celle)
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Coordinates: 52 ° 49 ' N , 9 ° 58' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Celle | |
| Height : | 77 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 163.83 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 13,430 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 82 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 29303 | |
| Area code : | 05051 | |
| License plate : | CE | |
| Community key : | 03 3 51 004 | |
| City structure: | 13 districts | |
| Association administration address: | Deichend 3–7 29303 Bergen |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Claudia Dettmar-Müller ( independent ) | |
| Location of the city of Bergen in the district of Celle | ||
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Bergen ( Bargen in Low German ) is a town in the northern district of Celle in Lower Saxony . It is located in the Lüneburg Heath , around 24 kilometers from Soltau and Celle .
Structure (districts)
history
It is assumed that Bergen belongs to the old church plays of the 9th century, it was first mentioned in documents in 1197. Due to its central location, Bergen developed into a central marketplace and in 1438 already consisted of ten courtyards and 30 koten. The development of Bergen was slowed on the one hand by the strong economic competition of the cities of Celle and Soltau, on the other hand by repeated fires in the years 1354, 1585 and 1796. In the 19th century the agrarian reforms, the lifting of the commercial obligation and the connection to the railway line resulted Celle – Soltau to far-reaching changes. In particular, the establishment of the Bergen military training area in 1935 favored the beginning of urbanization, which led to the change from the agrarian village to today's small town. Commerce and trade have become formative in the place while agriculture has largely lost its importance.
Bergen has been the center of a judicial and administrative area since the Middle Ages. Together with trained Wietzendorf mountains a Gogericht District , who was responsible for the local government and parts of the judiciary. Since the 14th century, Bergen has also been occupied as a revenue district for the Celle bailiffs . In the 16th century, Bergen and Wietzendorf formed the Bailiwick of Bergen, which became the District Bailiwick of Bergen in the 18th century and finally the Amt of Bergen in 1852. After the annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover by Prussia in 1866, the office was incorporated ( incorporated ) into the Fallingbostel district formed in 1867 . After the district reform of 1885, the office of Bergen was added to the newly formed district of Celle .
On April 16, 1957, the certificate of appointment for the designation "City of Bergen" was signed by the Lower Saxony Minister of the Interior and handed over to Bergen on May 14, 1957 by the Lüneburg District President . Besides Celle, Bergen is the only political municipality in the district of Celle that has town charter. Today the city of Bergen is a basic center in the northern part of the district of Celle. Around 15,000 people now live in the city of Bergen, after the members of the British armed forces stationed in Bergen and their families (around 3,000 people) were withdrawn in 2014.
Incorporations
On February 1st, 1971 the communities Becklingen, Belsen, Bleckmar, Dohnsen, Hagen, Offen and Wardböhmen were incorporated. On January 1, 1973 Diesten, Eversen, Hassel, Nindorf and Sülze were added. As a result of these measures, the number of inhabitants and the area of the city have increased considerably. The district area of the former central town of Bergen was 11 km², due to the regional reform it has grown to 163 km².
Religions
- Ev.-luth. Parish of St. Lamberti (Am Friedensplatz 12), part of the Soltau parish
- Ev. Free Church “Church of God” (since 1959, Horstweg 6), part of the Free Church Covenant of Church of God
- Roman Catholic Parish "Atonement Church of the Precious Blood" (church built according to plans by Josef Fehlig , consecrated on November 22, 1961, Hubertusstrasse 2), belonging to the deanery of Celle
- New Apostolic Church (Kampweg 10), New Apostolic Church in Northern Germany
- Yezidi Cultural Center (Celler Strasse 54)
St. Lamberti Church
Atonement Church of the Precious Blood
politics
City council
The council members are elected for a five-year term by local elections. The term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021.
The full-time mayor is also entitled to vote in the city council . The council chairman is Marianne Kohrs (CDU).
The following parties or voting communities belong to the city council:
| Local election | CDU | SPD | Flat share | AfD | Green | FDP | Non-party | total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11th September 2016 | 16 (50.6%) |
6 (18.8%) |
3 (10.3%) |
2 (8.7%) |
2 (5.8%) |
1 (4.2%) |
1 (from Nov. 1, 2019) |
31 seats |
| September 11, 2011 | 17 (52.7%) |
7 (21.6%) |
5 (13.9%) |
- | 2 (7.5%) |
1 (4.4%) |
- | 32 seats |
| September 10, 2006 | 17 (55.6%) |
7 (22.1%) |
3 (10.1%) |
- | 1 (3.1%) |
2 (7.2%) |
- | 30 seats |
mayor
The full-time mayor of the city of Bergen has been Claudia Dettmar-Müller ( independent ) since November 1, 2019 . In the mayoral election on May 26, 2019, she was elected as incumbent with 60.4% of the vote. Your opponent Frank Juchert (CDU) received 39.6%. The turnout was 62.2%. Your deputies are Michael Buhr (CDU), Peter Meinecke (CDU) and Rüdiger von Borcke (SPD).
Chronicle of the mayors (from 1945)
- May 9, 1945–1. November 1945: Albert Repke (CDU) (acting mayor)
- December 4, 1945–23. September 1946: Hermann Hornbostel (CDU) (acting mayor)
- November 1, 1946–1948: Friedrich Kruse sen. ( Lower Saxony State Party , NLP) (first freely elected mayor after 1945)
- December 14, 1948–1952: Walter Müller ( German Party , DP)
- 1952–1956: Wilhelm Brockmann ( Independent Community of Voters , UW)
- 1956–1960: Wilhelm Brockmann (DP)
- 1960–1973: Wilhelm Brockmann (CDU) (The October 1960 election was postponed to March 1961 due to a constitutional complaint.)
- 1973–1976: Heinrich Schneider (CDU)
- 1976–1981: Walther Kothe (CDU)
- 1981–1983: Franz Christian von Harling (CDU)
- 1983-31. December 1997: Helmut Wegner (CDU)
- January 1, 1998–26. April 1998: Adolf Krause (CDU) (As deputy in office.)
- April 27, 1998-31. October 2014: Rainer Prokop (CDU) (born December 27, 1950, first full-time mayor)
- November 1, 2014–31. October 2019: Rainer Prokop (CDU)
- November 1, 2019 - Date: Claudia Dettmar-Müller (independent) (* March 21, 1968)
coat of arms
The design of the coat of arms of Bergen comes from the heraldist and coat of arms painter Gustav Völker , who designed all coats of arms in the Hanover region . The approval of the coat of arms was given in 1957, in the year Bergen became a town, by the Lower Saxony Minister of the Interior .
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Blazon : "In silver over a green shield base coveredwith a silver heather skull ,a stylized green oak with golden fruits ." |
| Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms of the city of Bergen shows a Heidschnuckskull as a symbol for the affiliation of the place to the landscape of the Lüneburg Heath as well as a stylized, fruit-bearing oak tree which is typical for this region. |
flag
The flag , approved in 1964, has green and white stripes and the city coat of arms.
Town twinning
Bergen maintains partnerships with the cities:
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Pembroke in Wales (since 1977)
Śrem in Poland (since 1999)
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht in the Netherlands (since 2003)
For the home area:
Schubin / Szubin (1941–1945 Altburgund ) in Poland was sponsored by the city of Bergen in 1956 . In the past, more than a thousand participants often attended the annual meetings of the former home district of Altburgund-Schubin.
The city of Bergen also maintains friendly relationships with:
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm in the Czech Republic
Ottendorf-Okrilla in the Bautzen district in Saxony
In addition, since 1995, mountain meetings have been held with eight German locations with this name.
Culture and sights
Buildings
Former district court
Since the 15th century the parish mountains and were Wietzendorf than Gogericht district summarized. From 1437 to 1852 the counts acted as judges here. They were subordinate to the Vogtei Celle (later Großvogtei Celle). The first gographer was Ludermann Tunderen (1437–1445). From 1674, the renewed Lüneburg official constitution represented the area of responsibility of the magistrates. Until the end of the Thirty Years War , the magistrates ' own apartment was also their official residence.
In 1651 the old " Kocksche Kote " Bergen No. 5, which was taxable at the St. Michaelis monastery in Lüneburg, became the official seat of the magistrate. In 1653, the government bought the farm from the heirs of Bailiff Cord Brase and expanded it into a Bailiff's building. In 1709 the building was completely rebuilt under Bailiff Jost Hinrich Wolff (the Bergen elementary school is named after him). In 1852 the judiciary and administration were separated in the Kingdom of Hanover . From then on, Prussian law applied and there was the office of Bergen and the district court of Bergen. In this context, the Wietzendorf Bailiwick was separated from Bergen. The first magistrate was Ernst August Eggert von Estorff. On the district court property of 6,480 m² stood among other things, the business building, the office building, the judicial prison and several ancillary buildings. In 1945 the German courts were redesigned. The Bergen District Court became a branch of the Celle District Court. On July 1, 1973, the Bergen District Court was dissolved.
Townhouse
In 1975 the city of Bergen acquired the property of the former district court. Initially, it was planned to be used as a youth center, leisure facility or city library. A police school was also being considered. In 1979 it was decided to sell the old town hall and relocate the administration here. Since the sales negotiations dragged on and large parts of the population were against the project, they refrained from doing so. On October 20, 1981, it was decided to build a new town hall with a ballroom by adding an extension. The old office building from 1653/1709 and the court and prison building from 1853 should largely be preserved and integrated for reasons of monument protection . In an architectural competition , Hans-Joachim Ehrich from Braunschweig received the first prize for his design. The renovation began in 1984. On December 6, 1985, the new town house, the construction costs of which amounted to over seven million DM , was inaugurated. It has a ballroom for a maximum of 530 people with a stage and ancillary rooms, event rooms, a council hall with a gallery and various meeting rooms. The painting “ Gogericht ” by the Bergen painter Ferdinand Brütt (1849–1936) hangs in the council chamber of the town hall . It is preliminary work for a painting in the Lüneburg district court .
French barracks
In 1810, during the French period , this house was built on the Bergen farm at No. 25 by order of the French occupying forces at the time. It served as accommodation for Napoleon's French officers . After the end of the occupation and the withdrawal of the French, the building was converted into a residential building. An old faience - tile stove from the time the original was in the house, is now in the museum "Römstedthaus".
Former watermill
The old brick building of the former watermill with the mill pond is still on the southwest edge of the city . The Berger Bach, a tributary of the Meiße , supplies the mill with water. As early as 1226 .. AD is in the Lehnsregister of Luthard of Meinersen a mill in Bergen mentioned ( "Guncelinus dapifer unum molandium mountains" , translated: "Gunzelin the butler was at the mill to Bergen invested" ). At that time it was in the north of the village, today's street name: Ellings Damm / Deichend. Towards the end of the Middle Ages , the mill was relocated to its current location, as the Berger Bach has a more gradient here. According to the bar inscription on the building, the mill was built in 1470 by " H. Moller ". In 1824 a miller "Carl Springhorn" is mentioned, who objected to the fact that a break in the upper reaches of the Berger Bach should be converted into grassland . On April 25, 1903, the mill building caught fire from lightning. Lt. Bar inscription it was in 1903 by “U. Ullrich ” rebuilt. In the documents of the Lower Saxony State Archives - Main State Archives Hanover (NdsHStA) there are few files on the mill.
Former "Imperial Post Office"
A tall, old brick building stands in the center of the city. From 1902 to 2007, this formerly "Imperial Post Office" was the service building of the Deutsche Reichspost , later the Deutsche Bundespost .
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
The Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was located in the village of Belsen , which has belonged to the city of Bergen since the local government reform in 1971 (about 6.5 km southwest of Bergen).
Monuments
- The memorial in honor of those who fell in World War II is located on federal road 3 in the direction of Soltau, next to the cemetery . At the front there is a large stone cross and a wall with the inscription: "Our sacrifice / your obligation = peace" . On the edge of the area there are two rows of individual stones with the names, and sometimes with the dates of the fallen.
On the Friedensplatz:
- The war memorial for those killed in the First World War was inaugurated on April 30, 1922. It bears the inscription on the front: " The parish of Bergen 1914–1918 its heroes " and on the reverse: "Love never stops" .
- The memorial to those who fell in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) was inaugurated on June 22, 1878. The sandstone with a white marble plaque bears the inscription: “In memory of those who lived in 1870 a. 71 fallen warriors from the parish of Bergen. "
- Another monument, which has a rich history, was originally erected to celebrate the peace on the occasion of the end of the French era . In the Battle of Leipzig (October 1813), the troops of Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte were defeated and the First Peace of Paris was concluded (May 30, 1814). By order of the Prince Regent King George IV , all the churches in the country celebrated a peace festival on July 24, 1814. The square that was previously called "Buernbrink" and was used for annual markets was now named "Friedensplatz" . A wooden stake was erected with the inscriptions: “For the celebration of peace! Bergen, July 24, 1814 ” - “ Salvation to the Fatherland ” - “ Peace to the Centuries ” . In the middle of the 19th century the now rotten stake overturned and was replaced by a wooden memorial in 1865 for the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo . This monument also fell into disrepair and was replaced by today's sandstone. This contains the following inscriptions:
" For the peace celebration - Bergen, July 24th - 1814. Renewed for the - 50th anniversary celebration - the battle of - Waterloo - on June 18th, 1865 - and erected in Stein - 1898 "
A crowned cursive monogram of Georg V König von Hannover (1819–1878) "GR" V (Georgius Rex) is carved on the back. On the sides it says:
" Salvation to the fatherland - peace to centuries ."
- The monuments on the Friedensplatz
War memorial for the fallen of the First World War 1914–1918
Memorial to those who fell in the Franco-Prussian War 1870–1871
Memorial to the end of the French era and the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo
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Architectural monuments
Natural monuments
In the center of the city, right next to the St. Lamberti Church, stands the “1000 year old oak”, which is also depicted on the city's coat of arms. The exact age of this tree, which was placed under protection as a natural monument , is not known. The circumference at chest height is 7.35 m (2016).
Museums
The Römstedthaus is a farmhouse museum on local and regional history. The focus is on rural life and work until the turn of the century 1900. It is located in a former, approximately 350-year-old smoke house , which is still in its original location. The old farm and the parish cot were first mentioned in 1438. “Wobbeke Scroders” was the manager at the time. In 1831 the kote and the land were leased, and the house was still used as a smoking house until 1912. The Bergen Heimatverein bought the house in 1912. Preceptor Friedrich Römstedt (1849–1930), then 1st chairman of the association, organized it with his local history collection and archaeological excavation finds from the local area. This formed the basis of the museum that was opened in 1913 and named after Römstedt in 1929. It presents everyday rural culture from earlier centuries using appropriately furnished living spaces. Production methods used in agriculture at the time are also shown. In 1984 a former coach house with a horse stable standing next to the old district court was demolished and stored. In 1985 the house was rebuilt on the museum grounds. On the upper floor of the former coach house, which can be reached via the old wooden staircase from the former district court, there is the archaeological exhibition, which provides information on prehistoric and early historical finds from the region.
Regular events
Anne Frank Peace Days
Anne Frank , who became world famous for her diary , died in early March 1945 in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. On the initiative of the Anne Frank Fund Basel, the Anne Frank Peace Days were initiated in 1999 and have been taking place since 2000. Every year, in June on Anne Frank's birthday, young people from all over Europe meet in Bergen to discuss peaceful coexistence between nations and religions, with the aim of better international understanding. The towns of Srem, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Szubin and Roznov, with whom Bergen also has a town twinning or a friendly relationship, also take part in these days of peace. The city of Bergen, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the Anne Frank Fund organize and finance the event.
Others
Due to the proximity of the military training area and the NATO troops stationed there, in addition to the British , some Dutch have also moved to Bergen , who also influence the cultural life of the city. Among other things, the Dutch celebrate the festival of Carnival here , which has a centuries-old tradition in their country, but is rather untypical in northern Germany. There is also a large community of Kurds in the city who belong to the Yazidi religion. Since the 1980s, many Yazidis, especially from Turkey, have sought asylum here because they are exposed to ethnic and religious persecution in their home countries .
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The federal highway 3 leads directly through the city from Celle via Soltau to Ovelgönne near Buxtehude . Several state and district roads open up the agricultural surroundings from here and lead to Hermannsburg , Winsen (Aller) and Wietzendorf , among others . The next motorway junction is Soltau Süd on the A 7 federal motorway from Hamburg to Hanover . The Celle – Soltau railway also runs through the town. Local rail passenger transport no longer takes place. The route is still used to transport goods .
Public facilities
In the west of the city is the NATO military training area (TrÜbPl) Bergen, which was built by the Wehrmacht in 1935 . The area is used today by the German Armed Forces and NATO armed forces . The municipal administration of the square is carried out by the community-free district of Lohheide together with the neighboring district of Osterheide to the west .
Several villages and individual farms were cleared for the establishment of the military training area from 1935. Within a few years, around 3,650 residents from 25 municipalities had to leave their homes. Around 100 barracks, 50 horse stables and 40 large garages, as well as a Lazaratt, depots and a Scheibenhof were built on the eastern edge of the site, near the village of Belsen, known at the time as the "East Camp" .
The famous seven stone houses are located in the center of the military training area . This is a group of five large stone graves , which represent a cultural monument from the end times of the funnel cup culture (3500–2800 BC).
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Albert Guthke (1900–1981), museologist and Prignitz researcher
- Heinrich Bunke (1914-2001), a doctor, he was part of the "euthanasia" program in the killing centers Brandenburg and Bernburg active
- Klaus Weiland (* 1947), folk guitarist and songwriter
- Detlef Klahr (* 1957), since 2007 state superintendent for the Ostfriesland-Ems district of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hanover
People connected to the city
- Ludwig Otto Adelbert Spitta (born November 27, 1845 in Wechold , † May 27, 1901 in Hameln ), son of the German theologian and poet Carl Johann Philipp Spitta , from 1872 to 1881 he worked as a pastor in Bergen, he became famous here his sermons with historical, local and regional histories, which were also published as a book with the sermons and lectures given in 1875
- Ferdinand Brütt (1849–1936), painter, he was a distant relative of the sculptor Adolf Brütt , he died in Bergen
- Hermann Ehlers (1904–1954), politician (CDU), President of the German Bundestag until his death , he lived in the town of Sülze
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ For the history of Bergen see: Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, Landkreis Celle 18.2, pp. 76–77.
- ↑ For the history of Bergen as a court and administrative area, see: Hans-Cord Sarnighausen: Amtsjuristen from 1732 to 1852 in Bergen near Celle. In: GENEALOGIE, Verlag Degener & Co., Issue 1/2010, pp. 65-76; Martin Krieg: The emergence and development of the administrative districts in the former Principality of Lüneburg, Göttingen 1922, p. 26.
- ↑ Guido Kleinhubbert: Brexit in the Lüneburg Heath. Bakers stay, brothels close. Little Bergen in Lower Saxony has already experienced what Europe fears: The British are gone. A visit for a given occasion - with a reassuring message. In: Spiegel Online website. June 18, 2016, accessed July 3, 2019.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 223 f .
- ^ Election of Bergen City Council 2016. In: www.wahl.landkreis-celle.de. Retrieved June 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Preliminary results of the district and municipal elections (PDF; 2.9 MB) ( Memento from January 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Bergen has voted - A mayor. In: City of Bergen website. May 27, 2019, accessed June 30, 2019 .
- ^ Official final result Mayor election 2019 - Bergen. In: Website of the district of Celle. July 1, 2019, accessed November 3, 2019 .
- ^ Bergen City Council. In: website city of Bergen. Retrieved November 3, 2019 .
- ↑ District of Hanover (ed.): Wappenbuch district of Hanover . Self-published, Hanover 1985.
- ↑ a b coat of arms of Bergen. In: website of the city of Bergen. Retrieved November 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Bergentreffen
- ^ Constitution of Prussia. January 31, 1850.
- ↑ The former Lüdersche Mühle in Bergen; especially regulation of the water level in the mill pond, 1658–1743. (NdsHStA Hannover, Hann 74 Bergen No. 682); Ordinances and tenders relating to milling, 1680–1869. (NdsHStA Hannover, Hann 74 Bergen No. 683) and installation of new mills and grinding aisles, 1824–1869. (NdsHStA Hannover, Hann 74 Bergen No. 684).
- ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
- ^ Anne Frank Peace Days.
- ^ Community-free district of Lohheide.
- ↑ Ludwig Otto Adelbert Spitta: From the history of the St. Lamberti community in Bergen near Celle.
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