Carnivàle
| Television series | |
|---|---|
| German title | Carnivàle |
| Original title | Carnivàle |
 | |
| Country of production | United States |
| original language | English |
| Year (s) | 2003-2005 |
| Production company |
3 Arts Entertainment HBO |
| length | 45-60 minutes |
| Episodes | 24 in 2 seasons ( list ) |
| genre | Drama , mystery , fantasy |
| Theme music | Carnivàle Main Title Theme - Jeff Beal , Wendy Melvoin & Lisa Coleman |
| idea | Daniel Knauf |
| production |
Howard Klein Daniel Knauf Ronald D. Moore |
| music | Jeff Beal |
| First broadcast | September 14, 2003 (US) on HBO |
| German-language first broadcast |
January 6, 2009 on FOX Channel |
Carnivàle [ kɑɹ.nɪ'væl ] is an American television series producedfrom 2003 to 2005 for the pay broadcaster HBO . The series is named after the Carnival , a kind of vagabonding fair that was run in America in the 19th and 20th centuries by traveling showmen who moved from place to place. The overarching plot, which takes place during the Great Depression in the 1930s, is about the struggle between good and evil , but also about topics such as free will and fate . The series mixes Christian theology and Gnosticism with mythical and magical elements such as tarot divination , telepathy and Freemasonry traditions , especially in connection with the Templar Order .
Carnivàle was produced by HBO and ran for two seasons from September 14, 2003 to March 27, 2005 in the United States. The series was created by Daniel Knauf , who also served as executive producer alongside Ronald D. Moore and Howard Klein . The music was composed by Jeff Beal . The main characters were Nick Stahl and Clancy Brown as Ben Hawkins and Brother Justin Crowe. The film was filmed in Santa Clarita and Southern California .
The first episode of the series had the highest ratings for an HBO series at the time , but failed to hold onto it during the second season. Carnivàle was canceled after 24 episodes . The series won five Emmy Awards in 2004 and was nominated for an additional 10 from 2004 to 2006.
Plot and mythology
At the time of the Great Depression ( Great Depression ) in the 1930s in the Dust Bowl of the US Midwest settled, told Carnivàle the story of the eternal conflict between good and evil .
According to the mythology of the series, a creature of light and one of darkness are born into each generation . In Carnivàle , it's about the young Ben Hawkins ( Nick Stahl ), who works for a traveling carnival and stands for the good. The evil creature is embodied by the Methodist preacher Brother Justin Crowe ( Clancy Brown ). Both have visions of future events. Hawkins can also heal people through supernatural abilities, even resurrect them from death, while Crowe can make them do his will. In California , Crowe broadcasts his sermons over the radio , gaining influence as the traveling circus slowly moves there from Oklahoma . The two main characters only meet in person at the end of the series. Their storylines run separately from each other beforehand.
Almost every episode has a different story with a different location at which the Carnival is currently appearing, but the overarching story of “good versus evil”, which culminates at the end of the second season, is present in every episode. Many storylines are not answered for some time or left in the dark, such as the genealogical connection between the main characters and the plot around the Knights Templar. Even the goodness or badness of the characters remains partly unclear in the first season.
Daniel Knauf reassured critics that Carnivàle should be a demanding series with a lot of subtext from the start . The writers had created the basic story arcs prior to each season, but gave the characters the chance to change their fate.
Figures and cast
The action of Carnivàle takes place in the Dust Bowl in the 1930s and revolves around the slow merging of a traveling Carnival and a California priest . Out of 17 actors, 15 were part of the Carnival during the first season. The second season had 13 leading actors and several recurring roles. Although the large cast made it more expensive to produce, the writers benefited from the flexibility of the plot. Most of the characters' backgrounds were fully developed before Carnivàle was shot , but they were not part of the show's “visible” structure. They were subsequently published in the “Pitch Document” .
The first storyline in season one is that of Ben Hawkins, played by Nick Stahl, a young Okie who joins the Carnival. Michael J. Anderson , best known for David Lynch's films , plays Samson, the short manager of the Carnival. Clayton "Jonesy" Jones, the crippled co-manager, is played by Tim DeKay . Patrick Bauchau plays the blind mind reader Lodz, while Debra Christofferson is his lover Lila "the bearded lady". Diane Salinger portrays the catatonic fortune teller Apollonia, while Clea DuVall portrays her daughter Sofie who reads tarot cards. The snake charmer Ruthie is played by Adrienne Barbeau . Her son is Gabriel, played by Brian Turk . John Fleck plays gecko, "the lizard man". Karyne and Sarah Steben are the Siamese twins Alexandria and Caladonia. The Dreifuss family is portrayed by Toby Huss and Cynthia Ettinger as Felix "Stumpy" and Rita Sue; Carla Gallo plays the daughter Libby. Amanda Aday plays Dora Mae Dreifuss in a supporting role. John Savage embodies the mysterious Henry Scudder in several episodes, while Linda Hunt lends her voice to the equally mysterious management.
The second storyline is led by Clancy Brown, who plays the Methodist priest Brother Justin Crowe. His sister Iris is played by Amy Madigan . From the middle of the first season, Robert Knepper plays the successful radio host Tommy Dolan and Ralph Waite Reverend Norman Balthus, Brother Justin's mentor .
During the first season there were some changes that were planned in advance. John Fleck, Karyne Steben and their sister Sarah had their last appearance in the first season finale, while Patrick Bauchau and Diane Salinger's role only became a supporting role. Ralph Waite, on the other hand, became the main actor. Several supporting roles were inserted, especially John Carroll Lynch as the fugitive Varlyn Stroud and Bree Walker as Sabina "the Scorpio woman".
production
concept
Daniel Knauf wrote the first script between 1990 and 1992 when he was unhappy with his job as a health insurance broker and was hoping to become a screenwriter . He had always been interested in Carnivals and realized that the subject had not yet been dramatized . The subsequent story and treatment of " freaks " was strongly influenced by his childhood, when he lived with his physically disabled father.
Knauf called the intended feature film " Carnivàle " because of its framework , but changed the spelling a little so that it looks a bit more unusual. He had planned the entire plot very carefully early on, right down to the last scene. But he didn't expect the resulting 180-page script to be twice as long as a normal script for a movie. Even so, he still felt it was too short to do the story justice. He gave up the idea for now and saw it as a learning experience. In the meantime, all of Knauf's works have been rejected by major Hollywood studios, often because they are “too crazy”.
In the mid-1990s, Knauf met some writers from the Writers Guild of America who advised him to revise the story of Carnivàle for a television series. Indeed, Knauf changed the first act of the script to a pilot episode. Due to the lack of contacts in the television business, he had to stop the story again and continue to work in his previous job. Years later, after realizing his old career was no longer working, he gave his screenwriting skills one last chance and posted the Carnivàle pilot episode on his website . The script was then sent to Howard Klein through Scott Winant , a mutual friend of the two men. After several meetings and discussions, Klein was confident that Carnivàle would be a good television series that could last for many years. Klein pointed this out to HBO's Chris Albrecht and Carolyn Strauss , who were immediately interested. But the Network deemed Knauf too inexperienced in the television business to give him complete control of the budget and named Ronald D. Moore as showrunner . After the first season, Knauf replaced Moore in this position, as he was again hired by Battlestar Galactica . The pilot episode, which was filmed in 21 days, served as the basis for further storylines. Because of much discussion between writers and HBO, the second episode wasn't filmed until 14 months later. Additional material was written mainly for Brother Justin, who was originally just a preacher and a recurring rather than regular character. But Knauf and the producers realized after seeing the preliminary pilot that he had no place in the series to "grow". So it was decided that Brother Justin should be made an ordinary Methodist priest in a small town and set him back about a year or two in his career for that. The role of Brother Justin opened up new possibilities and his sister Iris was created as a character. Little was changed on Ben Hawkins' side, except for the introduction of the "Cootch" ( striptease ) tripod family. A Carnivàle consultant had delighted producers by drawing attention to his research on families who made their living from “cootch shows” in the 1930s.
Casting
The casting approach for Carnivàle was to find the best available cast that should look as “real” as possible, in contrast to the “freaks”. Casting directors, John Papsodera and Wendy O'Brien , had experience casting extraordinary people from previous projects. The producers were looking for actors who would not be associated with other films or series. An exception to this was Adrienne Barbeau in the role of Ruthie.
The script for the pilot episode was the basis for the casting process, which revealed little of the later plot. That led to some minor disagreements between the show's creators and the producers, especially regarding the roles of Ben, Brother Justin and Sofie. Ben was always meant to be the main character and hero of the series, but it was wanted that he was just as young, innocent and an anti-hero. Nick Stahl had the strongest consensus among producers. The role of Sofie was initially more of an exotic gypsy , but Clea DuVall, just like Stahl a film actress, got the role after four auditions. Tim DeKay was cast as Jonesy because producers thought he looked a lot like an American baseball player of the day. The only actor who had no competition was Michael J. Anderson, whom Daniel Knauf wanted in the role of Samson from the start.
Charisma
The Carnivàle story originally consisted of three "books", two seasons should be dedicated to each. However, that plan had to be changed when HBO dropped the series after only two seasons. Each season consists of twelve episodes. Broadcasting on HBO benefited Carnivàle in many ways. Because HBO has no commercials , Carnivàle had the artistic freedom to change the length of the episode. Although the average length of 54 minutes, the consequences are as Insomnia and Old Cherry Blossom Road ( the old woman ) 46 and 59 minutes. HBO budgeted about four million US dollars per episode , considerably more than most television series receive. This high budget made it possible to sign a relatively large number of actors , filming in different locations, depth of plot and atmosphere.
Historic production design
Carnivàle's 1930 Dust Bowl setting required careful research and reliance on historical advisers. The financial backing was the financially strong HBO. The result was positive reviews such as: "flawless", "spectacular" and "visually stunning". In 2004 Carnivàle won four Emmys for set, camera work, costumes and hairstyles.
To create a feeling of the dry and dusty surroundings of the Dust Bowl, smoke and dirt were constantly blown onto the set through pipes . An estimated 5,000 people were dressed during the first season. The creative team listened to the music of the 1930s, read old Hollywood magazines to get the historical sound across, as well as the language and slang of the day. The art department had an extensive selection of old catalogs, including an original Sears catalog from 1934. For this purpose, Eastern European and Asian backgrounds have been integrated for some characters. In addition to the supernatural elements, historical advisors consider Carnivàle to be excellent in historical accuracy in terms of the lives of the characters, their clothing, their food, their accommodations, their cars, and all of the material culture.
Locations
Most of the film was filmed at Santa Clarita Studios, California. The exterior scenes were filmed in many parts of Southern California. The scene in the fictional California town of Mintern, which features the story of Brother Justin and Iris during season one, was filmed at Paramount Movie Ranch , Malibu . The carnival itself was moved through various areas of Southern California. The last station of the Carnival in the second season was on the Big Sky Ranch , which was also used for Brother Justin's "New Canaan".
Intro sequence
The intro of Carnivàle was created by the visual effects and design company "A52" from Los Angeles , with music by Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman . In 2004 this intro won an Emmy for Outstanding Main Title Design.
The production team had intended "to create an intro that conveys the 1930s to viewers, but also allows people to feel the strong presence of good and bad over time." The team showed the series producers theirs in early 2003 Design that enthusiastically accepted it.
The intro contains parts of well-known works of art. Each picture is up to 300MB in size. These were then digitally revised again. In the last step, old video recordings were reprocessed and inserted. Overall, the work on the intro took over a year.
The intro begins with tarot cards falling into the sand, while the camera zooms into a card and it steps through into a cut-off world in which scenes from the American Great Depression can be seen. The camera zooms out again from another tarot card and repeats this process several times. At the end, the camera pans over the justice map to the moon map and the sun map , which depict the devil and God , until the wind blows away the maps and the sand below and reveals the Carnivàle logo.
music
Carnivàle's music was composed by Jeff Beal . In addition, some well-known songs of the time are played. The theme song was written by Wendy Melvoin and Lisa Coleman and was released in a soundtrack along with selected pieces by Jeff Beal on December 7, 2004 .
Jeff Beal's score is mainly orchestral, but also includes bluegrass as well as atmospheric and rhythmic sounds. Guitars , pianos , violins , cellos and trumpets play among others . But banjos , harmonica , ukuleles and duduks also occur.
Because HBO does not broadcast commercial breaks, the music can be implemented in a film-like manner, with character- specific leitmotifs since the first episode. The individual characters are accompanied by music according to their ethnic background. Some characters who connect to each other in later episodes intentionally have similar music. Different music is used to represent the different worlds. Brother Justin's music is orchestral with religious instruments. On the other hand, the music from Carnival is more mystical, especially during the journeys between cities. During the cootch show at the Carnival or in cities, mainly old pop , blues and folk songs are played. One of the most succinct songs is Love Me or Leave Me by Ruth Etting , which is played in some episodes.
Cancellation of the series
HBO normally runs most of its shows to the end, but high costs and persistently low audience numbers made that very unlikely in the case of Carnivàle . HBO only ever signs one-year contracts, but a third season would have meant a new book that was laid out over two seasons in Daniel Knauf's six-year plan. It would have included new storylines for new and old characters, as well as a deepening of mythology. Most fans assumed that the series would continue, but in early May 2005 an unofficial statement appeared on the Internet that Carnivàle was canceled. This was officially confirmed on May 11, 2005. HBO President Chris Albrecht said that if producers had agreed to cut the budget per episode to $ 2 million, it wouldn't have happened. But the running costs for the cast, the outdoor locations, and the number of episodes per season made that impossible.
Because of the removal, many storylines remain open. This led many angry viewers to start petitions to prevent the dismissal after all. In addition, there were more than 50,000 emails sent to HBO. Daniel Knauf was not convinced of the success of such measures, but stated that alternatives such as selling to another broadcaster were not possible due to the legal situation. At the same time, Knauf hoped that HBO would still consider a sequel because of the huge fan support. However, because of the plot, he was not satisfied with a three-hour film. Knauf also did not want to reveal the remaining plot to the fans, since his work is a collaboration between authors, producers and actors. Even so, Knauf and the producers revealed a few details about the immediate fate of the main characters after the second season. In addition, Knauf disclosed some information about the invented laws of nature in Carnivàle , which could not be explained enough during the first two seasons. A comprehensive study of the characters was published in June 2007, and a summary of the first season of Knauf was later auctioned off at a charitable auction. This document was written between 2002 and 2003 and was intended to give the authors and producers an insight into the intended plot as well as answer many open questions and mysteries.
In February 2006 an article appeared on mediavillage.com, in which there was talk of a possible miniseries or a TV movie in 2007, which should end the plot, with the possibility of broadcasting another season in 2008. HBO has not commented on this.
Marketing and Merchandise
In advance
According to HBO, as much money was spent marketing Carnivàle as any other of its series. Because of the idiosyncrasy and complexity of the series, however, it had to stand out from traditional advertising. Short trailer were via CD-ROM of Entertainment Weekly settled in order to draw the attention to the quality. 30-second commercials were broadcast four weeks before the start, instead of the usual seven days. The historical context was deliberately emphasized by advertising posters featuring 17 actors around an old Carnival truck. The picture was subtitled with the slogan: "Into each generation is born a creature of light and a creature of darkness" (German: "In every generation a creature of light and a creature of darkness is born"). These efforts were supported by positive reviews. In order to secure the best possible ratings for the first episode, it was set immediately after the finale of the successful series Sex and the City . In addition, online advertising was carried out for the entire duration.
Games
A personal and interactive tarot card game was specially programmed for the official website of Carnivàle . HBO worked with RealNetworks on FATE: The Carnivàle Game , a downloadable tarot game. The Canadian broadcaster Movie Network released an online interactive Ouija game.
DVDs
Carnivàle: The Complete First Season was released in the United States on December 7, 2004 in widescreen , six- DVD , Region 1 , boxed DVD , one month before the start of the second season. It was distributed by "HBO Home Video" and included three audio commentaries and a making-of . The outer cover is made of sturdy cardboard to mimic the appearance of a bound book. The same box, just a little less elaborate, was released on March 7, 2005 and May 11, 2005 in region 2 and 4.
Carnivàle: The Complete Second Season was released as widescreen, six DVD discs, Region 1, DVD box on July 18, 2006, in Region 2 on August 7, 2006 and in Region 4 on October 4, 2006. All publications appeared on "HBO Home Video" and contained three audio comments, interviews with actors and producers, a making-of about Carnivàl's mythology and four "Creating the Scene" excerpts. The packaging is similar to that of the first season.
synchronization
The series was set to music by Deutsche Synchron . Bernd Eichner wrote the dialogue books and directed the dialogue.
reception
Audience ratings
HBO aired Carnivàle on Sundays at 9:00 p.m. The pilot episode Milfay ( World Made of Dust ) on September 14, 2003 tuned in to 5.3 million viewers. The strong lead-in Sex and the City made it the strongest debut of an HBO series to date. That record was broken by Deadwood on March 21, 2004 with 5.8 million viewers .
For the second episode, only about 3.49 million viewers tuned in, but this number remained constant over the season. The first season finale saw 3.50 million people on November 30, 2003. An average of 3.54 million viewers saw the first season.
For the first episode of the second season, on January 9, 2005, only 1.81 million people tuned in. During the entire season, the audience numbers could not reach that of the first season. An average viewership of 1.70 million was not enough for a sequel.
Reviews
Early reviews praised Carnivàle for its unique characters and plot, but predicted that because of that uniqueness it would not be very successful. Daily Variety writer Joseph Adalian predicted that Carnivàle would get mostly good reviews, but some are put off by the show's "creepiness". Phil Gallo from Variety magazine described Carnivàle as "absolutely visually stunning with captivating 'freak show' characters but with a story that moves too slowly", while James Poniewozik from Time magazine found the first three episodes "frustrating" but also "spectacular" . BBC's Amanda Murray said, “With so little exposure, it's almost impossible to form a judgment. It's hard to tell if it's just going to be good or even going to be great. ”Later DVD reviews could be done on a full-season basis. While the actors, sets, costumes, equipment and camera work continued to receive high praise, some critics, especially in the first season, disapproved of the plot. Other critics stressed that Carnivàle may “ ask too much from viewers than they are willing to invest. […] If you don't follow the plot closely, it's easy to find the series confusing. ” IGN's Matt Casamassina praised the series in two reviews, writing that the“ wonderfully unreal ”first season was“ confusing with unpredictable “story twists” terrifying “Is. The “extraordinary” second season has “better imagination and entertainment than any other series that competes with Carnivàle ”.
Many reviews drew parallels between Carnivàle and David Lynch's mystery series " Twin Peaks " . Knauf did not deny this and himself drew connections to John Steinbeck's book The Fruits of Wrath . As Lost got more and more attention, these two series were also compared.
Fan base
Like other cult TV series, Carnivàle has a large following of loyal fans. You call yourself “Carnies” or “Rousties”, both terms from the series. Carnivàle's complexity and mythology meant that many fan pages were opened and discussed in Internet forums . Daniel Knauf himself wrote in various forums and gave instructions for action. He also published the reasons for the removal of Carnivàle before official confirmation .
A year after Carnivàle ended , a big gathering called CarnyCon 2006 Live! Was held in Woodland Hills , California from August 21-23 , 2006, organized by fans. Many actors and crew members were there and answered questions. A DVD of it was released some time later.
Awards
Despite the short duration of two seasons, Carnivàle received a number of awards and nominations. The first season was nominated for seven Emmy Awards in 2004 and won five of them: “Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series” and “Outstanding Costumes for a Series” for the pilot episode Milfay ( World of Dust ), “Outstanding Cinematography for a Single -Camera Series "for the episode Pick a Number ( Justice of the Numbers )," Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series "for the episode After the Ball Is Over ( heading south ) and" Outstanding Main Title Design ". In 2005 the second season received eight nominations, but could not win in any category.
International charisma
HBO President Chris Albrecht stated that Carnivàle was "not good for marketing abroad," but did not go into any further detail. According to reviews, this was due to the complexity and mystique of the series, which most viewers find daunting. Even so, Carnivàle was sold to several countries, including France, Italy and the Netherlands. In Germany showed Pay TV transmitter FOX Channel the complete series of 6 January to 16 June of 2009.
Litigation
On June 9, 2005, author Jeff Bergquist filed a lawsuit against Carnivàle in the United States District Court . In his opinion, most of the ideas in the series were stolen from his book Beulah, which he had been working on since the 1980s. HBO and Knauf denied all allegations. The case was dismissed on February 17, 2006.
Episode list
Web links
- Carnivàle in theInternet Movie Database(English)
- Carnivàle in the online film database
- Carnivàle in the German dubbing index
Individual evidence
- ↑ Through many audio comments from the producers on the DVDs
- ↑ a b Lily Oei: Solid 'Carnivale' start after HBO's hot 'Sex'. Variety, September 16, 2003, accessed October 31, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Carnivàle Awards. IMDb , accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ^ "One More Look, Behind the Curtain". HBO, archived from the original on June 16, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Dylan Callaghan: In the Ring with Good and Evil. Writers Guild of America, West, archived from the original January 2, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b “Pitch Document” (CARNIVALE Backstory and Mythology.doc) and Character Biographies (CHARACTER BIOS TEXT ONLY.doc). (doc) Carnivàle on Yahoo! Groups, July 1, 2007, accessed October 15, 2009 (English, registration required).
- ↑ The numbers refer to the number of names during the credits
- ↑ Bill Keveney: TV hits maximum occupancy. USA Today, November 8, 2005, accessed October 31, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c d Freaking hell. The Age, December 16, 2004, accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Devin Faraci: THUD INTERVIEW: DAN KNAUF (CARNIVALE PRODUCER). CHUD, January 19, 2005, archived from the original on December 13, 2007 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Dan Knauf Interview. CarnyCon LIVE, February 15, 2005, archived from the original on February 25, 2013 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ A b Carnivàle: The Complete First Season - Making-of Carnivàle
- ↑ a b c "The Making of a Magnificent Delusion". HBO, archived from the original on April 20, 2006 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Summer 2003 Cable TCA Press Tour. centimes.demon.co.uk, July 10, 2033, archived from the original on June 26, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ Daniel Frankel: Carnivale. Variety, June 16, 2004, archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ A b Carnivàle: The Complete Second Season - The Museum of Television & Radio's William S. Paley Television Festival CARNIVALE, Clea DuVall, Carolyn Strauss
- ^ "Master of the Carnival". HBO, archived from the original on February 25, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Interview de Daniel Knauf. Jimmy, April 22, 2005; archived from the original on October 18, 2007 ; accessed on October 31, 2016 (French).
- ↑ a b Highlights from the Dan Knauf Chat. Save Carnivale, July 17, 2005, archived from the original on March 8, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ "Character References". HBO, archived from the original on July 19, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Interview with Daniel Knauf - Part 1. The Carnivale Interviews, January 30, 2004, archived from the original on February 25, 2013 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Daniel Knauf in the audio commentary on the episode Milfay ( World of Dust )
- ↑ a b "Beyond the Standard Fare". HBO, archived from the original on September 30, 2007 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ A b Rob Owen: Funny business. Toledo Blade, July 20, 2005; accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Dan Knauf Speaks About Carnivale's Cancellation. Save Carnivale !, May 11, 2005, accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ^ Brian Lowry: Recently Reviewed - Carnivale. Variety, January 6, 2005; archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b James Poniewozik: HBO's Cirque du So-So. Time, September 7, 2003, accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Phil Gallo: Recently - Reviewed Carnivale. Variety, September 11, 2003, archived from the original on February 15, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b c Primetime Awards. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, archived from the original on November 13, 2011 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ "Creating 1934". HBO, archived from the original on July 21, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ "Dressing the Dust Bowl". HBO, archived from the original on February 25, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Kate O'Hare: 'Roswell' Writer Leaves 'Battlestar' for a 'Carnivale'. Zap2it, January 30, 2003, archived from the original on October 13, 2007 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ Robert Falconer: Exclusive Interview With Debra Christofferson. Hollywood North Report, April 18, 2006, accessed October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b c d a52 MASTERS FATE IN NEW MAIN TITLE SEQUENCE FOR HBO'S CARNIVÀLE. a52, September 15, 2003, archived from the original on February 3, 2007 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Opening Title Sequence. HBO, archived from the original on June 4, 2008 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ^ "From Wang-Wang to Bouzouki". HBO, archived from the original on November 13, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- Jump up ↑ Jan Title: Reviews - Carnivale (Jeff Beal). Original Score, January 31, 2007, archived from the original on February 25, 2013 ; Retrieved October 14, 2009 .
- ^ "Mood Music". HBO, archived from the original on June 25, 2009 ; accessed on October 14, 2009 .
- ↑ Josef Adalian: . 'Carnivale' packing up Variety, May 10, 2005 filed by the original on 21 February 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Daniel Fienberg: 'Carnivale' Fans Defeat HBO with E-mails. Zap2it, July 18, 2005, archived from the original on December 13, 2007 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Canceled (for now). Save Carnivale, July 29, 2005, archived from the original on February 20, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ A message from Dan Knauf. Save Carnivale, May 21, 2005, archived from the original on February 20, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Ed Martin: Fans May See More of Arrested Development and Carnivale. Media Village, February 9, 2006; archived from the original on May 22, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ A b Andrew Wallenstein: Marketing HBO's 'Carnivale'. Hollywood Reporter August 15, 2003, archived from the original August 23, 2007 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ HBO and RealNetworks Launch Downloadable Game Inspired by Critically Acclaimed Series "Carnivàle". HBO Nov. 21, 2003, archived from the original on Aug. 22, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Fate: The Carnivàle Game. HBO, archived from the original on August 22, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Ken Shallcross: Carnivale - The Complete First Season. DVDFanatic, archived from the original on October 13, 2007 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Carnivale - The Complete 1st Season (6 Disc Set). EzyDVD, archived from the original on November 13, 2011 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Carnivale - The Complete Second Season. DVD Talk, July 18, 2006, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Carnivale - The Complete 2nd Season (6 Disc Set). EzyDVD, archived from the original on November 14, 2011 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ German synchronous index: German synchronous index | Series | Carnivàle. Retrieved April 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Denise Martin: HBO 'Rome' ratings not built in a day. Variety, August 30, 2005, archived from the original on February 21, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ US Cable Ratings. Quota meter, archived from the original on August 22, 2008 ; Retrieved October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ DEVELOPMENT UPDATE: JANUARY 12. The Futon Critic, January 12, 2005, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ DEVELOPMENT UPDATE: MARCH 31. The Futon Critic, March 31, 2005, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b c Meriah Doty: Taking a tour with 'Carnivale'. CNN, September 11, 2003, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Amanda Murray: Review: Carnivale. BBC, September 13, 2004, archived from the original January 8, 2009 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Carnivale: Complete First Season. DVD Talk, December 7, 2004, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b c Bryan Enk: Carnivale: Season Two (HBO). UGO, archived from the original on October 13, 2007 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Walter Chaw: Carnivale: THE COMPLETE FIRST SEASON (2003). Film Freak Central, March 22, 2005, archived from the original on February 6, 2012 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Andrew Kasch: Carnivale: The Complete Second Season (DVD). Dread Central, September 8, 2006, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Matt Casamassina: Carnivale - The Complete First Season. In: IGN . Ziff Davis , December 10, 2004, accessed November 23, 2016 .
- ^ Matt Casamassina: Carnivale - The Complete Second Season. In: IGN . Ziff Davis , July 21, 2006, accessed November 23, 2016 .
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- ^ Brian Ford Sullivan: THE FUTON'S FIRST LOOK: "LOST" (ABC). The Futon Critic, September 22, 2004, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Frank Ahrens: 'Lost' Fans Find A Niche on the Internet. The Washington Post, December 4, 2005, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ a b Summary of CarnyCon 2006. Save Carnivale, archived from the original on April 5, 2008 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ^ Convention DVD. CarnyCon LIVE, archived from the original on July 1, 2012 ; accessed on October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ TV Notes: 'Carnivale' copied? Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, June 27, 2005, accessed October 15, 2009 .
- ↑ Carnivale Lawsuit. Carnivale Lawsuit on Yahoo! Groups, accessed October 31, 2016 .
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