Deauville
| Deauville | ||
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Calvados | |
| Arrondissement | Lisieux | |
| Canton | Honfleur-Deauville | |
| Community association | Cœur Cote Fleurie | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 22 ′ N , 0 ° 4 ′ E | |
| height | 0-83 m | |
| surface | 3.57 km 2 | |
| Residents | 3,604 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 1,010 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 14800 | |
| INSEE code | 14220 | |
| Website | www.mairie-deauville.fr | |
Deauville [ do.vil ] is a French municipality with 3604 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Calvados in the region of Normandy . It is a well-known seaside resort with an important marina . This, the racecourse , the magnificent villas and hotels, the casino as well as the wide sandy beach and its promenade all contribute to the fact that Deauville is regarded as one of the most elegant Norman seaside resorts.
An important building is the St. Laurent Church with its medieval hagioscope , a so-called leprosy fissure .
Deauville was a popular motif of the Impressionists . A group of pre-impressionists met regularly in nearby Honfleur . One of their leading figures, Eugène Boudin , died in Deauville in 1898.
geography
Geographical location
Deauville is located in the center of Normandy, equidistant between the three regional metropolises Caen , Rouen and Le Havre . The seaside resort is located on the left bank of the confluence of the Touques in the English Channel , opposite Trouville-sur-Mer . The coast around Deauville and Cabourg is called the Côte Fleurie (flower coast) and opens up to the Pays d'Auge . The original settlement center is on Mont-Canisy, a slope above the sea.
geology
The flat river bank used to be very boggy. In the winter of 1874/1875, this bank zone was completely changed by a major storm and expanded by around 400 meters. The land that was created in this way and is now dry is now primarily used by leisure facilities, which are located in the middle of a natural green environment.
Neighboring communities
Deauville is between Trouville-sur-Mer on the other side of the Touques , Saint Arnoult inland and Blonville-sur-Mer to the west.
population
Deauville has just over 4500 inhabitants, which are spread over an area of 357 hectares. Due to tourism, the population grows up to ten times on weekends and during school holidays.
history
Dosville was a small farming village. On a hill around the Saint-Laurent church, the almost one hundred inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture and cattle breeding. Cattle and sheep grazed in the swamps and dunes at the foot of Mont-Canisy, on which the seaside resort was later built.
In 1859, the mayor Jean Louis Auguste Brunet sold the swamps to Duke Charles de Morny , a half-brother of Napoléon III. who began to build "a kingdom of elegance" near Paris on this plain of sand and swamp. In four years Morny created a new city, called Deauville from 1860 , which soon attracted aristocratic guests from France and around the world with its neon-Norman-style villas, the racecourse and the rail link to Paris. The sustainable upswing of the seaside resorts on the Côte Fleurie began in the 1860s when Napoléon III. stayed here often.
The casino was built in 1911 and the development of Deauville continued with the construction of luxury hotels. In the years that followed, well-known artists, politicians and business people were regular visitors to the city: Josephine Baker , Maurice Chevalier , Sacha Guitry , Tristan Bernerd , Gustave Flaubert , André Citroën and Coco Chanel , Eugène Boudin , Raoul Dufy , Camille Saint-Saëns , Yves Saint Laurent to Arthur Rubinstein , they all walked up and down the 643-meter-long Deauville promenade.
In the 1960s, Deauville opened up to holiday tourism . Driven by Michel d'Ornano, the mayor, and Lucien Barrière, owner of the casino and the luxury hotels, Deauville has grown into an international holiday destination. At that time, the seaside resort combined its image as an elegant place with the status of a modern, well-equipped city that is also turning to new technologies and business travel.
On May 26 and 27, 2011, the 36th G8 summit took place in Deauville under the French presidency .
Population development
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2016 |
| Residents | 5051 | 5232 | 5664 | 4682 | 4261 | 4364 | 3973 | 3678 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
Economy and Infrastructure
90% of Deauville's economy benefits from tourism. The spa and seaside resort of Deauville offers a comprehensive tourism and leisure infrastructure. This includes around 2,000 rooms within a two-kilometer radius. From the holiday apartment with hotel service to rooms in old villas, to the star luxury hotels and the branches of large hotel chains, Deauville can meet every requirement. In addition to traditional Norman cuisine and seafood specialties, all styles of gastronomy are on offer in the city's 40 restaurants.
traffic
railway station
Trouville-Deauville station is a terminus . The present reception building was designed by the architect Jean Phillipot and was put into operation in 1931. It replaced a system that was built by the Duke of Morny in 1863, but which no longer met the requirements in the 1920s and 1930s. The new station building encloses tracks and platforms on three sides.
Deauville is connected to Paris ( Saint-Lazare train station ) via Lisieux . A branch line continues along the coast to Dives - Cabourg .
Ports
Deauville has two ports with a total of around 1,250 berths.
Between 1860 and 1866 the “tidal pool” was built. Between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the First World War, the port continued to develop into a commercial port as well as a port for leisure boats and yachts. Ultimately, the increasing number of boats and ships required the development and construction of further port facilities. For this purpose, the outer port of the city was closed and reopened in 1930, significantly enlarged.
Airport
The Deauville airport with 2,550 meters runway is set up to traffic almost all aircraft on scheduled or charter flights.
Highway
Deauville is connected to Paris and the regional capital Caen by the A132 and A13 motorways . The travel time to Paris is around 2 hours.
leisure
In addition to the casino and the horse racing tracks, Deauville offers four golf courses within a radius of 10 km, an equestrian center, water sports center, tennis courts, sailing school, children's and youth clubs and an amusement park. Numerous boutiques with the most important figureheads of major brands (Hermès, Vuitton ...) invite you to shop. The long sandy beach, lined with the famous "Les Planches" promenade, attracts with a range of colorful parasols and deck chairs.
Casino
The Deauville casino is the fourth largest in France, with 320 slot machines and the full range of table games.
The casino opened its doors in 1864 but was badly damaged in 1895. The ruins were replaced in 1912 by a new building by Georges Wybo, who took its inspiration from buildings of the 18th century, for example the Petit Trianon , the opera house of the Palace of Versailles , or the many small theaters along the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris.
The post-Louis XVI casino architecture (after the French Revolution) it was changed several times to suit changing tastes. For example, the front facade (on Cornuché Boulevard) was moved 6 meters forward, creating two large galleries on the lake side.
The Deauville Casino is one of the most important casinos in Europe and the third most important in France. Large events, poker and bridge tournaments of the European and World Cup, etc. take place regularly in the casino. The casino also has a cinema and a night club.
The 1989 European Open snooker tournament was held in the Deauville Casino in 1989 .
Horse races
With the two horse racing tracks Hippodrome de la Torques and Clairefontaine, Deauville offers equestrian sport an international showcase seven months a year. In June the Jump'in Deauville opens the equestrian season, which attracts the world's best riders from several participating nations. At the simultaneous auctions of yearlings, award-winning horses from all over the world change hands.
Every August for 107 years the best polo players in the world have come to take part in the Coupe d'or . 15 days in October horses and equestrian sports are celebrated in the Calvados with the Equi'days à Deauville . The region's most successful stud farms open their doors to visitors, while Deauville organizes special horse races and auctions. Every year at this time the traditional competition of the most beautiful old-time horse teams takes place, to which teams from all over the world travel.
Hippodrome de la Torques
The larger of the two racecourses had Duke von Morny, a horse lover, built in 1864. It extends over more than 75 hectares, of which 20 hectares are purely a racetrack.
There are three round courses in the form of the classic oval and three large, centrally located polo fields, on which the international top players play during the season. The interior also includes large auditoriums , the first of which was made of wood when it was built in 1864, based on the Fontainebleau model .
The de la Torques racecourse was inaugurated in 1864. The current grandstand, built on the model of Longchamp in 1950, was designed by the architect Lefranc. In a Norman-style house built in 1880, the pavilion des balances , the jockeys are weighed before and after the race. In 1994, thanks to financial support from local associations, the hippodrome was given a "makeover" in which the racecourse, grandstands and restaurant were renovated.
The 2007 calendar of events combined 47 meetings spread over 7 months; so this hippodrome was at the top of the French horse racing tracks.
Race track data:
- Area: 75 hectares, 20 hectares of which is a racetrack
- Racetracks: an inner oval 1900 meters long with a straight line 800 meters long; a middle one on grass (2000 m); an outside (2100 m)
- Finish line length: 450 meters
- Width: 25 - 30 meters
- Inner radius: 210 meters
- Visitor places: 10,000, of which 2000 in the stands
- Parking spaces: 2000
Clairefontaine Racecourse
As the only three-disciplinary racecourse on the Norman coast, the Deauville-Clairefontaine racecourse welcomes competitors in trotting, obstacle running and show jumping. Competitions of great international importance are "The great obstacle course of Deauville", "The great show jumping" and "The great price of Clairefontaine", which are held on the racetrack. The racetrack is located between the municipalities of Bénerville and Tourgéville, around 2 kilometers from the city center.
In view of the steadily growing importance of horse races at the Hippodrome de la Torques , the urgency in the Pays d'Auge to set up a horse race for show jumping in order to extend the season very quickly became apparent. The Pont-l'Evêque Horse Racing Society built the Croix Brisée racecourse in Pont-l'Évêque in 1875 . But this racetrack was too far behind Deauville and in 1924 racing on this facility was stopped. In the same year, the city of Deauville bought the Clairefontaine area in Tourgéville and built stands, boxes and rooms for the carers there. The municipality's racecourse was born: “Little Clairefontaine”. It was officially opened by the Minister of Agriculture on August 8, 1928.
After the trotters' meeting in Clairefontaine in 1932, “Das Kleine Clairefontaine” lived up to its name in 1936 and was too small. The Horse Racing Society of the Pays d'Auge decided to enlarge the racecourse. After purchasing territory in Tourgéville, two large race tracks were built. One was designed for horse racing and the second for show jumping. These racetracks were inaugurated in the summer of 1937.
Race track data:
- Area: 40 hectares, of which 18 hectares are a racetrack
- Structure: 4 racetracks; a flat track with 2000 meters, an obstacle track, one with hurdles and a trotting track
- Visitor capacity: 6000 to 7000 seats, of which 700 seats in the main stand and 350 in the second stand
- Parking: 2000 spaces
Parks
The Dutch landscape designer Arend Jan van der Horst designed the garden of the house "Le gai logis".
Attractions
town hall
Today's town hall on the Place de la Mairie (in German: Town Hall Square) was built in 1881 by the architect Saintin with the help of Breney. The structure of the building has not been changed since then, but the external appearance was "standardized" in 1961. That means that in that year the half-timbered look was added to the building and its exterior was embellished.
Place Morny
The Place Morny is the largest city square and represents the center is in almost every respect Deauville. The Place Morny was designed by Breney and is due to its configuration and arrangement of the outgoing roads from this place to the "Place d'Etoile" in Remember Paris.
The statue on this square in Deauville shows the founder of the city, Auguste de Morny, whose original bronze statue (several meters high) was melted down by the German occupiers in 1942.
Marketplace and the covered market facilities
The market square was roofed over with wooden beams and planks and clad with wood in 1923 according to plans by the architect Georges Madeleine. The market was supposed to embody the regional identity of the Calvados and at the same time demonstrate the skills of the local builders and craftsmen.
Port-Deauville residential and marina complex
The district of the marina Port-Deauville was built between 1973 and 1975 according to plans by the architects Labro and Orzini, who built the winter sports resort Avoriaz in the same style. It has been tailored for water sports activities and weekend vacations. The extraordinary architecture of a very high quality level is truly impressive, especially the layout and the arrangement of the buildings within the numerous and sometimes very branched basins (the port basins of Port-Deauville).
“La Breloque” - Eugène Boudin's villa
Eugène Boudin (1824–1898) made a significant contribution to making Normandy known around the world. He drew sky and clouds in "a thousand" colors and shades, his drawings and pictures of lake and coastal landscapes have an unmistakable style. He was also an ardent admirer of the two sister cities Deauville and Trouville, which he immortalized in many of his works. In 1898, Boudin, who was born in Honfleur, only 16 km away, died in this villa in Deauville, after spending the summers in Deauville since 1861.
Villa "Les Abeilles"
The villa "Les Abeilles" (Eng. The Bees) was built in 1910 by Auguste Bluysen for Madame Jeanne Paquin , a Parisian fashion designer who was very well known at the time and whose employees were as busy as worker bees, which is why they were first named and later the villa.
A special poured concrete made it possible to build a new type of villa building with a wide, opening profile and soft edges. The building is more like a villa of medieval than classic Norman style. Between the two world wars, it was temporarily rented and lived in by the automobile designer André Citroën .
Villa "Camélia"
The villa “Camélia”, built by Breney for the Duke (“Marquis”) of Salamanca in 1864–1865, is one of the oldest villas in Deauville. The architectural structure of this villa can be described as strikingly extravagant and almost exotic thanks to a mixture of several regional building materials (wood, brick and stone).
It thus represents an example of a villa of the so-called "Second Empire" (period between 1852 and 1870). The villa has been completely restored and returned to its original state.
Hotel "Le Normandy Barrière"
This 4-star deluxe hotel (highest possible hotel category in France) was founded in 1912 on the advice of Eugène Cornuché, a well-known French businessman, according to whose plans the posh restaurant "Maxim's" was also created on the Place de la Concorde in Paris Désiré le Hoc, the former mayor of Deauville, and the renowned architect Théo Petit.
The hotel, which was new and modern for the time, quickly established itself among the best luxury hotels in France thanks to its unique range of comfort and leisure facilities, as well as its particularly stylish room furnishings and interior decorations. The outer facade of the hotel building is lined with attractive celadon-colored artificial decorative wood paneling in pale green, similar to Chinese porcelain.
Center International de Deauville
The Deauville International Convention, Exhibition and Convention Center opened in 1992. The main systems were built 14 meters below the surface of the earth, primarily in order not to impair the lake view from the heights of Deauville and St. Arnoult.
This is a truly great achievement, especially since the ideas of the Deauville architect Patrick Le Goslès could also be realized (glass dome almost at sea level) and the ultra-modern technological systems and facilities could be installed perfectly invisible to the environment. The opening of the CID also made Deauville attractive for congress tourism and for large international seminars and conference events.
The "Pompeian bathing facilities"
Charles Adda won the competition announced by the Deauville town council in 1921 to replace the aging wooden changing rooms on the seafront with his project to recreate the Pompeii bathing facilities. The execution was carried out using mosaics and the design of impressive colonnades and atriums, which are really very close to the ancient model. Initially, the Pompeii bathing facilities already consisted of around 250 cabins, a bar, shops and Turkish baths. The Pompeii bathing facilities of Deauville are now included in the extended list of the most important historical sights on the seashore.
Wooden boardwalk "Les Planches"
The world-famous wooden promenade along the beach of Deauville with its colorful parasols, which are also one of the absolute trademarks of Deauville (whose dominant colors blue and red are the colors of the city at the same time), was made in 1923 from so-called Ekki and Eba wood, exotic and rotten Wood species from Madagascar, built over a length of 643 meters. The promenade is bordered on one side by small beach cabins that bear the names of Hollywood actors and directors who have visited Deauville, primarily for the annual American Film Festival .
Olympic indoor swimming pool
The Olympic indoor swimming pool was built in 1966 by the architect Roger Taillibert, who also designed the Prinzenpark Stadium in Paris. Maurice Chevalier and Marie Laforêt were the patrons. The project not only included the Olympic pool in the indoor pool, which is fed with desalinated and heated seawater, but also a large thalassotherapy center right next to the pool . The magnificent building of the indoor swimming pool has architectural originality thanks to its curved cladding arches made of white cast concrete, which magnificently tower above the swimming pool inside.
Villas along the sea front
Each of the villas built along the lake front at the end of the 19th century has its very own architectural expression in the profile and composition of the building, its accessories and its magnificent decorations. Whether brick, stone, wood, cast concrete or metal, every conceivable and available material was used by the builders to design their new villa according to their taste.
In the post-war period, these villas were seen as symbols of exuberant wealth and luxury. Many of them have been replaced by more new-fashioned, but still the architectural style of the Pays d'Auge (regional area in the Calvados department), which are now mostly rented by Parisians with second / weekend homes in Deauville.
Hotel "Le Royal Barrière"
At the end of 1912, Eugène Cornuché, who was already involved in founding the "Le Normandy" hotel, built a second extraordinary hotel, another symbol of glamor, splendor, luxury and elegance in Deauville. The then very well-known villa “La Louisiane”, which belonged to the Duke of Morny, had to give way. In its place the hotel “Le Royal” was built a year later (1913) according to plans by the architects Théo Petit and Georges Wybo. Here, too, architectural peculiarities were set with decorative strips imitating wood in the Norman style of the Pays d'Auge, sometimes even in a checkerboard pattern.
"Le Cercle"
In 1875, the architect Breney created the "Cercle" based on the model of the "Hôtel de Salm" in Paris, where the owners of the (horse) racing stables can meet. In the course of the “Second Empire”, the building was decorated more and more, for example with new roundels and decorated busts.
Coco Chanel boutique
Gabrielle Chanel , the world famous fashion designer, opened her first boutique in Deauville in 1913 on Rue Gontaut Biron. Her meeting and getting to know the English businessman Boy Capel , passionate polo player and good friend of King Edward VII enabled her to start her “revolutionary” fashion campaign “La Mode à la Garçonne”, with which women pretended to be (somewhat) more masculine and dressed.
La Potinière - The casino square with its boutiques
This picturesque ensemble of buildings, designed by the architect Théo Petit and built between 1912 and 1913, could serve as the perfect theater backdrop with its “trompe l'œil” and wood imitations in the Pays d'Auge style.
The then extremely famous café “La Potinière” (today the “Hermès” fashion boutique is located there) was surrounded by all kinds of luxury shops and was therefore an absolute must for anyone who wanted to keep up with the times during the “Roaring Twenties”.
Arcades of avenue du Général de Gaulle
This avenue-like avenue was built in 1895, which at that time was still called "Avenue de l'Hippodrome" and is bordered by the casino on one side and the entrance to the Deauville-La-Touques racecourse (hippodrome) on the other .
Saint-Augustin Church
This church, which forms the “gateway to downtown” Deauville, was designed by architects Breney and Jai and inaugurated in 1865, one year after the death of the Duke of Morny. As a token of gratitude, the church was named after his first name Augustin. Enamelled volcanic lava statues by Parisian sculptor Jules Jollivet are located just above the entrance to the church, which is made of red and yellow bricks. Decorated stained glass windows in the church commemorate the laying of the foundation stone, the end of the First World War and the visit of the Spanish King Alphonse XIII. in 1922. At the entrance, at the height of the former baptismal font, you can find the first and only glass-enamel window in the world until 1958.
Event facilities "Elie-de-Brignac"
In 1868 and 1869, the "event facilities" were founded by Elie-de-Brignac, named after the former president of the "Agence française", a company of horse dealers designed by the architect Pierre Davy .
Most of the horses traded here come from the Basse-Normandie region and were raised here.
In addition to the auctions, the Elie-de-Brignac facilities also host events of a completely different kind, e.g. B. Concerts, theater performances and festivals (e.g. "Août Festival").
Villa Strassburger
In 1907, on the site of a former farm "Ferme du Coteau" (in English: "Farm on a slope"), the Caenner architect Georges Pichereau built for Baron Henri de Rothschild, who in turn came from the house of Gustave Flaubert , this unique splendid villa. Both the overall architecture and the design of the exterior facade represent a combination of French country house style and the typical architecture of the mansions of the local "Pays d'Auge".
The rich, almost luxuriously decorated facade and the magnificent additions to the villa make this villa one of the most beautiful in the region. The Strasbourg villa was included in the list of the most important historical building monuments in 1975.
Saint Laurent Church
The church vault from the era of the Plantagenet House and the small, narrow windows mean that the construction of the church dates back to the beginning of the 12th century.
The organization "Les Amis de la Chapelle Saint-Laurant" renovated the church and restored the sanctuary. From time to time the church is made accessible to public visitors and is also opened for concerts and temporary exhibitions.
Parc des Enclos
The Park des Enclos in Deauville Benerville is 24 hectares and is owned by the city. Until 1930 it belonged to the oil magnate Gulbenkian .
Regular events
Major events have been held regularly in Deauville for many years. In addition to the equestrian events, there is the Easter Festival with classical music in April, the International Sailing Week in June, the Swing'In Deauville jazz festival in July, the Lucien Barrière Deauville Polo Cup in August and the American Film Festival in early September.
Town twinning
- Cowes , UK
- Eicklingen , Germany
- Kildare , Ireland
- Lexington , United States
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ La Mairie - Histoire Deauville.fr, accessed August 13, 2017.
- ^ Le Coteau Deauville.fr, accessed August 13, 2017.
- ^ Arend Jan van der Horst, Movements in Green. Conceptual Landscape Gardening / Conceptuele tuinarchitectuur. Terra, Lanoo 2008, 184