Nordfriedhof (Düsseldorf)
The North Cemetery in Düsseldorf is the largest and best-known cemetery in the North Rhine-Westphalian state capital. The almost 70 hectare area of the north cemetery, where numerous prominent figures from politics, culture and business have found their final resting place, is located in the northwest of Derendorf in the immediate vicinity of the districts of Golzheim and Unterrath and is served by Ulmenstraße, the Hugo-Viehoff -Straße, Danziger Straße and Thewissenweg.
General
The municipal cemetery, founded in 1884, now houses around 50,000 grave sites in which a total of over 200,000 people are buried. The Nordfriedhof has been accessible around the clock since 2003. There are a total of six entrances, the main entrance is at the intersection of Danziger Strasse and Johannstrasse. In the area of the main entrance there is also the approximately 21 hectare old part of the cemetery from the early days of the cemetery. In 1987 it was placed under monument protection together with the cemetery chapel due to a large number of graves worth preserving . The center of the listed area is the so-called Million Hill, at the same time the highest elevation of the cemetery area and the location of a particularly large number of architecturally elaborate tombs. Increasing metal theft , and not only in the north cemetery, leads to the loss of important historical cultural monuments.
In the area of the Nordfriedhof, near the entrance to Ulmenstrasse 236, there is the “new Jewish cemetery ” (in use since 1923), which is not officially part of the Nordfriedhof. Also, unlike the rest of the north cemetery, it is not administered by the city of Düsseldorf, but by the local Jewish community. The current cemetery hall and memorial of the Jewish community was built in 1986. The cemetery is closed on the Sabbath , on Jewish holidays and at night. The old Jewish cemetery is to the east of Ulmenstrasse. It is no longer occupied and is locked.
Beehives have stood in various areas of the cemetery for some time.
history
The city began planning a new cemetery in the north of Düsseldorf in 1882, when the burial grounds were available at the old Golzheim cemetery , which was also the first municipal cemetery in Düsseldorf - not least because of the extreme population growth in Düsseldorf at the end of the 19th century - became increasingly scarce. The choice of location fell on a site in the so-called Golzheimer Heide between the country roads to Duisburg and Kalkum . The location outside the city allowed the creation of a large burial site with potential for expansion, and the predominantly sandy soil was also well suited for use as a cemetery. In connection with its location at the time, the future cemetery was initially named "Cemetery behind the pine forest".
On July 7, 1882, an ideas competition for the design of the planned new cemetery was announced. Of the projects participating in the competition, which were submitted by numerous garden architects from both Germany and abroad, the design by Eduard Hoppe from Berlin took first place. His plan was to build a park-like cemetery. Its entrance area shows French garden style elements, other parts of the cemetery were designed according to the scheme of the English landscape garden . The center of the new burial site was formed by a central north-south axis leading from the main entrance, on which the chapel , the morgue and the high cross are located. Large lawns with flower beds were laid out between the entrance and the chapel, while the main paths were designed as avenues with generous stocks of different tree species. The end of the central axis was formed by a natural elevation on a sand dune , on the highest point of which, at the same time the highest point of the cemetery, the high cross was located. As this elevation was particularly suitable for representative hereditary burial sites due to its exposed location, it quickly became known under the name "Millions Hill", which is still used today. Overall, Hoppe's concept of a large city cemetery dominated by landscape was based on park cemeteries such as the Hamburg cemetery Ohlsdorf - a largely new type of cemetery design at the time, but which had quickly established itself in major German cities.
The new cemetery was opened on May 1, 1884. In the same year the Golzheim cemetery was closed for new burials, and burials could still be carried out there in existing family graves until 1897. The new cemetery buildings could only be completed in 1887; these were the chapel and morgue built in the neo-Gothic style, both designed by the city architect Eberhard Westhofen . Inside the chapel is decorated with wall paintings by Eduard von Gebhardt . The fresco “Ascension of Christ” was executed by the painter Johannes Osten . The main entrance was also originally designed in the neo-Gothic style, but later rebuilt several times until it was finally given its current form in 1936 - a wrought-iron grille bordered by an administration building and a foyer decorated with reliefs . The already mentioned Hochkreuz only found its place in 1905 in the north cemetery; it was moved there from its old location in the Golzheim cemetery. From there, numerous deceased (including well-known personalities such as Norbert Burgmüller or Theodor Mintrop ) were reburied in the north cemetery , as the Golzheim cemetery had to be cut into two parts when a road was built in 1905 and thus partially leveled.
The importance of the new cemetery increased especially after the Golzheim cemetery was finally closed. In 1904, after Düsseldorf received another large municipal cemetery - the southern cemetery in Bilk - the “cemetery behind the pine grove” was given its current name “northern cemetery”. As early as 1908, the cemetery grounds were expanded for the first time, deviating from the original Hoppe landscape design for the first time and instead using a strictly geometric division of the site - a procedure that was also practiced in the later expansions. In 1922, the Jewish cemetery was built on an expansion site in the eastern part of the cemetery near Ulmenstrasse, which the Jewish community had built after its old burial site on Ulmenstrasse was full. The north cemetery was last expanded between 1955 and 1960. Even if the expansion potential has now been finally exhausted, there is still no lack of space at the Nordfriedhof, which - as elsewhere in Germany - is related to the stagnating or falling population, the shortening of rest periods for graves and the increasing proportion of space-saving urn burials . Recently , a sponsorship system has also been established here - similar to Cologne cemeteries such as the Melaten - which gives everyone the opportunity to restore and maintain an old, listed tomb that would otherwise be threatened with decay, and in return a right of use to get for it.
Some monuments worth seeing
As already mentioned, the 21 hectare old part of the cemetery, designed by Eduard Hoppe at the time, is home to a particularly large number of splendid and unusual tombs. A large number of representative graves are located in fields 61 to 64 on the aforementioned millionaire hill and around the chapel near the main entrance. The high number of graves of industrial families is particularly striking, which underlines the outstanding importance of Düsseldorf as an economic metropolis in the early days . Many of the industrialists buried here, along with other well-known personalities, are listed below in the section “ Graves of well-known and prominent persons ”. In addition, the section “ Well-known designers of the tombs in the north cemetery ” contains a list of the most famous artists who were involved in the design of one or more grave structures in the north cemetery. In the following, only a selection of the particularly striking monuments in the cemetery will be addressed.
Immediately to the left of the chapel and in the immediate vicinity of the main entrance is probably the oldest grave of the north cemetery - the Hoeltgen family grave, which was reburied here from the Golzheim cemetery right after the north cemetery opened. The focal point here is the bronze sculpture of a male figure who stands invitingly in front of the gate of a temple-like complex, the suggested entrance into eternity. Not far from here, also on the left in front of the chapel, is the monument to the industrialist Piedbœuf . The towering base with a cross at the top was created by the sculptor Gustav Rutz , who also used baroque style elements.
In the neighboring field 6 is the grave of the Breininger and Preuss families, which attracts attention with a grieving female figure in flowing robes. Further north in field 15 there is another grave with a grieving female figure, that is the grave of a Josef Ranker. The peculiarity of this tomb is that the said female sculpture was damaged during an artillery bombardment during World War II , which can still be seen today from some bullet holes in the sculpture.
One of the most elaborate graves in the north cemetery is the family grave of the industrialist Robert Zapp , which stands on the mound of millions and which not only combines several architectural style elements at the same time, but also Christian symbols with ancient mythology. The gable-shaped monument, formerly surrounded by a heavy chain, has a column-supported archway in the middle, in which a bronze urn stood on a laurel wreath; There you also saw a stylized snake biting its tail, which is a sign of the infinite return of life. At the top of the gable is a cross with a halo and a bunch of poppy seed capsules at the foot. The latter is based on the ancient representation known as the symbol of eternal sleep. A stylized stone sarcophagus is placed in front of the monument . The architect Ernst Roeting designed the tomb .
In the immediate vicinity, the grave of the industrialist family Haniel and the related artist family Oeder is striking. It is an obelisk made of polished granite and probably the highest tomb on the mound of millions, created by the architect Gottfried Wehling . At the other end of the hill, in field 72, is the grave of the industrialist Reinhold Lupp , a wall grave made of black polished granite with a niche in the middle that contains a figure of Christ . The graves of the famous entrepreneurs Rudolf von Bennigsen-Foerder , Ferdinand Heye and Heinrich Lueg , which can also be found on the mound of millions , are of course kept relatively simple for their representative location. The grave of the industrial family Henkel , in which no other family members have been buried for decades, is not found on the million hill, but a little further away, in field 75, which is completely atypical for the north cemetery. This is a visually outstanding grave consisting of a temple-like open structure with a glass dome and a seated female figure made of white marble inside. The temple was built by the architect Walter Furthmann , the female figure is a late work by the sculptor Karl Janssen , Hugo Henkel's father-in-law .
At the northern foot of the million-dollar hill, on an avenue in field 73, you can see two tomb sculptures almost side by side, which stand out for their antique nudity . On the one hand , there is the erotic -looking grave site Poetter, created by the sculptor August Bauer , with a sitting, naked female figure on top of the plinth, and on the other hand, the bronze youth with a walking stick, a work by the French Paul Landowski , which characterizes the grave of the Preis family .
Also in the wider area of the million hill you can find some interesting buildings. One of them is the “miner with a lantern”, which is visible in field 85 at a crossroads. This is a bronze sculpture made in 1902 after an original by the Italian sculptor Enrico Butti , which was created in 1888 and has won several awards . The sculpture was intended to express the strong ties between Düsseldorf and the Ruhr area and its mining industry. It shows a half-lying miner with a pick at his feet, holding a lantern in his right hand. This sculpture was originally part of the tomb of the von Gahlen family, later it adorned one of the graves of the industrial family Grillo. After the usage rights for this grave expired at the beginning of the 1960s and were no longer renewed, the architect Wilhelm Dommel set up the sculpture in the " Minidomm " leisure park he designed . After this park was dissolved in the early 1990s, the Derendorfer Jonges local history association campaigned for the sculpture to be re-erected in the north cemetery, whereupon it was finally moved to its current location in 1994.
A remarkable episode from the history of Düsseldorf and the north cemetery tells in field 72 the grave of the diplomat Ernst Eduard vom Rath , who was assassinated by Herschel Grynszpan on November 9, 1938 . His death provided the National Socialist rulers with a welcome opportunity for the Reichspogromnacht that followed immediately . The Rath's funeral on November 12, 1938, to which Hitler also came to Düsseldorf, began with a celebratory funeral procession staged by Nazi propaganda from the main train station through the city center to the north cemetery Used the parade area.
As in many other cemeteries in major German cities, numerous war victims found their final resting place in Düsseldorf's North Cemetery. Near the Hochkreuz on the Million Hill there is a memorial for 157 Düsseldorfers who died in the Franco-German War of 1870/1871, as well as a memorial to the French soldiers who died in this war. These originally stood in the Golzheim cemetery and were transferred, together with the Hochkreuz, to the north cemetery in 1905. In field 118 there is a communal grave for 1179 fallen and civilian victims of the First World War with the urban war memorial by architect Hermann Goerke and sculptor Hermann Nolte , while the communal grave for over 4000 victims of the Second World War , supplemented by a memorial by the sculptor Jupp Rübsam from the Year 1958, in the northwestern part of the cemetery, in fields 111 and 112. The memorial stone erected in field 70 in April 1995 for Aloys Odenthal and ten other resistance fighters, five of whom were shot dead on the night before the US troops marched into Düsseldorf, on April 17, 1945, was made by his son Peter Rübsam . Four resistance fighters (Franz Jürgens, Karl Kleppe, Joseph Knab and Hermann Weill) were buried in this grave, which is designated as an honorary grave.
Graves of well-known and prominent people
North Cemetery A – G
- Andreas Achenbach (1815–1910), painter, honorary citizen (field 50, no. 5 a – d)
- Oswald Achenbach (1827–1905), painter, honorary citizen (field 27, no. 10 a – d)
- Oskar Aders (1831–1889), District Court Director (Field 62, No. 32c 1–4)
- Rudolf Amelunxen (1888–1969), first Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia (field 15, no. 124–125)
- Rudolf Arnold (1889–1976), brewer (field 74)
- Wolfgang Arps (1926–2001), actor (field 64)
- August Bagel (1838–1916), publisher (field 62)
- Albert Baur the Elder (1835–1906), history painter from the Düsseldorf School
- Albert Baur the Younger (1867–1959), painter from the Düsseldorf School
- Kurt Baurichter (1902–1974), District President in Düsseldorf (field 15)
- Willi Becker (1918–1977), Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf (field 26, no. 16–17)
- Eduard Bendemann (1811–1889), painter (field 16, no. 3515/16)
- Rudolf von Bennigsen-Foerder (1926–1989), Manager (field 62)
- Richard Bloos (1878–1957), painter (field 29)
- Rolf Bossi (1923–2015), lawyer
- Arno Breker (1900–1991), sculptor (field 58)
- Klaus Bungert (1926–2006), Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf (field 71, no. 1–2)
- Norbert Burgmüller (1810–1836), composer (field 75, no. 40892–3)
- Wolfgang Döring (1919–1963), FDP politician (field 26)
- Louise Dumont-Lindemann (1862–1932), theater manager (field 27, no. 1–2)
- Hermann vom Endt (1861–1939), architect (field 63)
- Walter von Engelhardt (1864–1940), landscape architect (field 71)
- Joachim Erwin (1949–2008), Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf (field 71, no. 1a – b)
- Johanna "Mutter" Ey (1864–1947), gallery owner (field 26, no. 12–13)
- Ria Falk (1922–1986), figure skater (field 71)
- Heinrich Ferber (1832–1895), historian (field 71, no. 27392–3)
- Hermann August Flender (1839–1882), industrialist ( Flender-Werke ) (field 74)
- Theodor Francken (1862–1906), publisher (box 25)
- Hanns Friedrichs (1928–2012) fashion designer, artist
- Joseph von Fuchsius (1793–1854), Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf (field 29)
- Eduard von Gebhardt (1838–1925), painter, honorary citizen (field 62, no. 46 1–4)
- Karl Geusen (1859–1926), town planning officer and alderman (mayor) of the city of Düsseldorf (field 26, no. 10–11)
- Paul Girardet , publisher (box 71)
- Ernst Gnoss (1900–1949), SPD politician (field 95)
- Gotthard Graubner (1930–2013), painter
- Cornelius Gurlitt (1932–2014), art collector (field 56)
- Hildebrand Gurlitt (1895–1956), art dealer (field 56)
North Cemetery HO
- Franz Haniel junior (1842–1916), industrialist, grandson of company founder Franz Haniel (field 62)
- Heinrich Held (1897–1957), theologian (field 56e)
- Friedrich Karl Henkel (1848–1930), industrialist (field 75)
- Helmut Hentrich (1905–2001), architect, honorary citizen (field 25, no. 25a – 25b)
- Wilhelm Herchenbach (1818–1889), writer (field 28)
- Anatol Herzfeld (1931–2019), sculptor (field 16)
- Laurenz Hetjens (1830–1906), researcher, art collector and donor (field 56e, no. 34907)
- Werner Heuser (1880–1964), painter (field 70)
- Ferdinand Heye (1838–1889), industrialist (field 62)
- Reinhard Heynen , businessman (field 73)
- Eugene Holmes (1934-2007), opera singer (field 50)
- Carl Irmer (1834–1900), painter (field 72)
- Georg Arnold Jacobi (1768–1845), Grand Ducal Bergischer Staatsrat, Royal Prussian Privy Councilor (Field 72U, No. 23–24 47–48)
- Rudolf Jordan (1810–1887), painter (field 8)
- Carl Jungheim (1830–1886), painter (field 10)
- Franz Jürgens (1895–1945), resistance fighter (field 70, no. 144)
- Paul Kauhausen (1898–1957), Director of the City Archives (field 16)
- Josef Kleesattel (1852–1926), architect (field 48, no. 12009–10)
- Karl Kleppe (1889–1945), resistance fighter (field 70, no. 143)
- Joseph Knab (1894–1945), resistance fighter (field 70, no. 141)
- Gerda Kratz (1926–2011), sculptor (field 17)
- Max Kratz (1921–2000), sculptor (field 17)
- Christian Kröner (1838–1911), painter
- Magda Kröner (1854–1935), painter
- Peter Kuhlen (1899–1986), clergyman
- Friedrich Lau (1867–1947), historian, state archivist (field 72, no. 7–8)
- Hugo Lenzberg (1860–1932), President of the Senate at the Higher Regional Court (box 68)
- Helmuth Liesegang (1858–1945), painter (field 27, no. 119)
- Gustav Lindemann (1872–1960), theater manager (field 27, no. 1–2)
- Theodor Löbbecke (1821–1901), researcher, collector and museum donor (field 71, no. 27448–50)
- Heinrich Lueg (1840–1917), industrialist (field 62)
- Reinhold Lupp (1836–1909), industrialist (field 72)
- Wilhelm Marx (1851–1924), Lord Mayor (Field 52, No. 267–271)
- Theodor Mintrop (1814–1870), painter (field 72)
- Albert Mooren (1828–1899), ophthalmologist, honorary citizen (field 64, no. 38957–60)
- Carl Mosterts (1874–1926), theologian (field 79)
- Karl Müller (1893–1949), lawyer and resistance fighter (field 10, no. 13–14)
- Peter Müller (1916–2005), Lord Mayor (field 46, no. 2251–3)
- Hans Müller-Schlösser (1884–1956), local poet and playwright (field U16, no. 80)
- William Thomas Mulvany (1806–1885), industrialist (Field 62 / 43a, No. 1–4)
- Hans-Jürgen Nierentz (1909–1995), writer and television director during the Nazi era (field 117)
- Rosemarie Nitribitt (1933–1957), elegant prostitute (field 95)
- Georg Oeder (1846–1931), painter (field 62)
North Cemetery P – Z
- Jean Louis Piedbœuf (1838-1891), industrialist (field 5)
- Klaus Piltz (1935–1993), Manager (field 63)
- Gustav Poensgen (1824–1904), industrialist (field 62)
- Robert Pudlich (1905–1962), painter (field 48)
- Ernst Eduard vom Rath (1909–1938), diplomat (box 72)
- Georg Kreuzwendedich von Rheinbaben (1855–1921), Prussian Minister of State, honorary citizen (box 26, no. 1)
- Heinrich Riemenschneider (1924–2013), German actor, most recently director of the Theatermuseum Düsseldorf (Nutritious Mausoleum)
- Fritz Roeber (1851–1924), Academy Director, honorary citizen (field 56e, no. 34719–2)
- Detlev Rohwedder (1932–1991), Manager (field 71)
- Kurt Sandweg (1927–2008), sculptor
- Karl Schabrod (1900–1981), communist (field 64)
- Laurenz Schäfer (1840–1904), painter (field 72)
- Caspar Scheuren (1810–1887), painter (field 11, no. 1019)
- Heinrich Scheven (1833–1896), entrepreneur (box 71)
- Ernst Schiess (1840–1915), industrialist (field 72)
- Carl Christian Schmid (1886–1955), Mayor and District President of Düsseldorf
- Benedikt Schmittmann (1872–1939), lawyer and resistance fighter (field 14)
- Bruno Schmitz (1858–1916), architect (field 73)
- Franz Schoenfeld (1834–1911), industrialist (field 63)
- Eduard Schulte (1891–1966), industrialist (field 11)
- Eduard Schulte (1817–1890), art dealer and gallery owner (field 11)
- Franz Schwann (1815–1888), publisher (field 5)
- Karl Rudolf Sohn (1845–1908), painter (field 70)
- Karl Stachelscheid (1917–1970), painter (field 52)
- Karl-Heinz Stroux (1908–1985), artistic director at the Schauspielhaus (field F 72 N, no. 14–1)
- Friedrich Tamms (1904–1980), architect and urban planner (field 31)
- Ernst Tellering (1872–1916), industrialist (field 72)
- Christian Gottfried Trinkaus (1843–1891), banker (see HSBC Trinkaus ) (field 62)
- Adolf Uzarski (1885–1970), painter and writer (field 56e)
- Adolph von Vagedes (1777–1842), builder, architect (field 70, no. 22294)
- Benjamin Vautier (1829–1898), painter (field 72)
- Albert Paul Veeh (1864–1914), airship pioneer
- Ernst Viebig (1810–1881), from 1868 Deputy District President in Düsseldorf (honorary grave, field 76, no. 47735)
- Clara Viebig (1860–1952), writer (field 76, no. 47735)
- Fritz Vomfelde (1900–1961), Lord Mayor (field 26, no. 54–59)
- Hermann Weill (1924–1945), resistance fighter (field 70, no. 142)
- Karl August Wiedenhofen (1888–1958), lawyer and resistance fighter (field 9, no. 89)
- August Wittig (1823-1893), sculptor (field 72)
- Fritz Wüst (1860–1938), researcher (field 6)
- Robert Zapp (1837–1917), industrialist (field 62)
Jewish Cemetery
- Rose Ausländer (1901–1988), German-speaking, Jewish poet
- Isaac Geldern (d. 1782), great-uncle Heinrich Heine on his mother's side (found tombstone )
- Moritz Leiffmann (1853–1921), private banker, local politician and writer
- Josef Neuberger (1902–1977), politician
- Paul Spiegel (1937–2006), journalist, entrepreneur and President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany
- Lajos Szabó (1902–1967), Hungarian philosopher
- Theo Winkens (1897–1967), resistance fighter
Well-known designer of the tombs in the north cemetery
- Ernst Barlach (grave Louise Dumont - Gustav Lindemann , field 27, no. 1–2)
- Julius Bayerle (Mintrop grave, field 72; Burgmüller grave, field 75)
- Arno Breker (own grave, field 58 and others)
- Clemens Buscher (angel on the tombs of Rudolf and Gustav Poensgen; angel for Andreas Achenbach)
- Fritz Coubillier (Schiess / Pfeiffer grave, field 72; Eschbach grave, bronze plate with a woman's relief)
- Hans Dammann (Hemmerling grave, field 85)
- Leopold Fleischhacker (Moritz Leiffmann's grave, and over 100 other tombs in the Jewish cemetery)
- Hermann Goerke (mausoleum of the Emil Schröder family, field 48)
- Michael Irmer (grave of the Klaus Piltz and Ansgar Rumler family, field 63)
- Karl Janssen (grave Andreas Achenbach, field 50; grave family Henkel, field 75; grave Poensgen, field 62; grave Roeber, field 56a; grave Vautier, field 72)
- Fritz Klimsch (Behrens grave, field 72)
- Wilhelm Kreis (Zinzen grave, field 52)
- Friedrich Kühn (Schoenfeld and Talbot family grave, field 63; Schulte family grave , field 11)
- Paul Landowski (grave price, box 73)
- Ewald Mataré (Schmitz-Salue grave, field 16)
- Dietrich Meinardus (Reinartz grave)
- Leo Müsch (grave of the Liertz family; grave of the Conrad Wilhelm Schmidt family)
- Hubert Netzer (memorial stone for the victims of the Spartacus uprising , field 72)
- Heinrich Pohlmann (Guntermann grave, field 76)
- Jupp Rübsam (memorial, field 111/112)
- Peter Rübsam (honor grave for the resistance fighters, field 70)
- Gustav Rutz (grave Schlote, field 31; grave Piedboeuf, field 5; grave Schütte, field 17; grave Hermes, field 72)
- Jan Thorn Prikker interior design from mosaics, paintings and windows; Rudolf Brüning Architect, (Nutritious Mausoleum, field 50)
- August Wittig (own grave, field 72)
See also
literature
- Eduard Hoppe : Explanations of the competition plans for the construction of a park-like cemetery in Düsseldorf Düsseldorf 1883 Digital collections of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Eduard Hoppe: Concurrence plans for the construction of a park-like cemetery in Düsseldorf Düsseldorf 1883 (plans)
- The Düsseldorf North Cemetery. Brochure of the press office of the state capital Düsseldorf, 1986.
- City of Düsseldorf - The cemetery guide. Brochure by Mammut Verlag in cooperation with the garden, cemetery and forest office of the city of Düsseldorf, 2002, pp. 36–38.
- Wulf Metzmacher: The Düsseldorf North Cemetery - Around the Million Hill. JP Bachem, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-7616-1494-2 . (faulty)
- Inge Zacher: Düsseldorf cemeteries and tombs. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1982, ISBN 3-590-34102-5 , pp. 203-216.
- Rolf Purpar: Art City Düsseldorf - Objects and monuments in the cityscape . Grupello, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-89978-044-4 . (faulty)
- Melanie Florin: Johan Thorn Prikker - A mausoleum on the Düsseldorf North Cemetery . Grupello, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-89978-082-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ OpenStreetMap / Relation / Derendorf (91063) . Retrieved August 2, 2009.
- ^ Synagogue community: "In the summer of 1923, the newly acquired cemetery, next to the North Cemetery, was taken into use." , In the administrative report of the state capital Düsseldorf, special section. A. Care for Spiritual Life, April 1, 1922 to March 31, 1925, p. 112
- ^ Gartenamt Düsseldorf - Friedhöfe: Die Geschichte des Nordfriedhofs , on duesseldorf.de, accessed on June 10, 2016
- ^ Dietrich Bieber, Ekkehard Mai: Gebhardt and Janssen - Religious and monumental painting in the late 19th century . In: Wend von Kalnein (ed.): Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule , Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 167.
Web links
- Garden Department State Capital Düsseldorf: North Cemetery with orientation plan (PDF, 721 kB) on duesseldorf.de
- The Düsseldorf North Cemetery - Photo gallery and overview map
- Entry in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 28.8 ″ N , 6 ° 46 ′ 19.2 ″ E