Fiat models up to 1945
The pre-war Fiats include all models of Fiat produced before the end of World War II ; H. before 1945, were built.
Model overview by size class and year of production
| Timeline of Fiat models from 1899 to 1949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1890s | 1900s | 1910s | 1920s | 1930s | 1940s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | |
| Small car | 3.5 HP | 500 A / B (Topolino) ... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lower middle class | 6 HP / 10 HP | 509/509 p | 508 (Balilla) | Balilla 1100 A / B ... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Middle class | 1 | 1A / Zero | 70 | 501/501 S / 502/503 | 514/515 | 1500 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| upper middle class | Brevetti 10-12 HP | 2 | 2 B | 505 | 507 | 518 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 HP / 16-20 HP / 16-24 HP | Brevetti tipo 2 (15-25 HP) | 520/521 | 522/524 | 527 | 2800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Upper class | 20-30 HP | 3 | 3A / 3th | 510 | 512 | 525/525 p | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24-32 HP / 60 HP | 28-40 HP / 30-45 HP / 50 HP | 4/5/6 | 520 "Superfiat" | 519/519 p | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1899-1919
In 1899 the first Fiat, the Fiat 3.5 HP, was produced, quickly followed by the 6 HP and 10 HP .
In the years that followed, Fiat was known primarily as an exclusive premium brand and had no car “for everyone”.
In 1910, Fiat completely renewed production. In 1912 the “Zero” type appeared with a 1.9-liter engine with 15 hp. The vehicle reaches a top speed of 70 km / h and was built until 1915. There were also models "1", "2", "3", "4", "5" and "6".
1919-1949
In 1919, Fiat began to name its new models with three-digit numbers instead of the previously common specification of tax horsepower (e.g. 14/50 hp). The numbers 501 to 527 were used, but not in the logical order. From 1935 - partly in parallel - the designations according to cubic capacity in cm³ , which had been used after 1945, were used . The affected models 500 , 1100 , 1500 and 2800 are presented on their own pages.
Small car with 4-cylinder engines up to 800 cm³
As early as 1919 Fiat constructed a two-seater torpedo called Fiat 500 with a four-cylinder in-line engine with 760 cm³ displacement. But the pretty car was not expected to have any market opportunities and so it stayed with the prototype.
It was not until 1936 that Fiat brought out a small car in series, the Fiat 500 Topolino . The Italian word "Topolino" means "little mouse". The two-seater car, stylistically based on the 1500 model , was initially available as a sedan and convertible sedan. For more details see Fiat 500 Topolino .
Lower middle class with 4-cylinder engines up to 1100 cm³
The Fiat 509 was a two- to four-seater car of the lower middle class and was presented in May 1925. Its in-line engine had a displacement of 990 cc and made 16 kW (22 hp). The car, which can reach speeds of up to 78 km / h, became the brand's volume model within a year; it was available as a two- and four-door sedan , torpedo, convertible , spider , coupé , commerciale (station wagon) or taxi (see photo). In addition to the almost identical Fiat 509 A from 1926, there was also the Fiat 509 S with an engine boosted to 20 kW (27 hp). This model drove up to 92 km / h. More than 90,000 units were built within four years. One reason for the success was the possibility of buying the vehicle in installments. At the time, this was something special.
With a racing car body (Spider with boat stern) there was the Fiat 509 SM (Spinto Monza), whose engine developed up to 26 kW (35 hp) with the same displacement and made the vehicle 105 km / h. Some examples are said to have been equipped with a compressor ( Fiat 509 SC ) in 1926 . After a break of almost three years, Fiat presented the Fiat 508 Balilla in 1932 with a similar engine (displacement: 995 cm³, output: 15 kW (20 hp) to 17.6 kW (24 hp)), but a shorter chassis. The new car drove up to 95 km / h and was offered in the same body versions as the model 509. A year after its introduction, it was joined by the Fiat 508 S Balilla Sport , with an engine up to 26.5 kW (36 PS) and the vehicle accelerated up to 115 km / h. Initially, these models were equipped with a 3-speed gearbox and center shift, and from 1934 4th gear was added. In the 1000 miles of Czechoslovakia in 1935, Ruggero Minio was class winner up to 1100 cm³ in a Fiat 508 Balilla.
The Fiat 508 even surpassed its predecessor in terms of success: over 114,000 units were sold in five years. Licensed buildings were manufactured in Germany, France ( Simca ) and Poland ( SFM Junak ) . From 1937 the Fiat 508 C Coloniale / Militare , a bucket car with a fabric top and the new engine of the Fiat 1100 (displacement: 1089 cm³, output 22 kW (30 hp)) was manufactured. The Kübelwagen reached a top speed of 95 km / h. By the end of the war (in Italy in 1944) over 50,000 pieces were made by him for the military and police.
With the same engine, the new Fiat Balilla 1100 appeared in 1937 with a streamlined body similar to the Fiat 1500.
Fiat 509 as Gaston's car at the 2009 Brussels Motor Show
Fiat 509A Cabrio (1926) from Schlumpf depot
Fiat 508 Balilla (1933)
Fiat 508 Balilla Spider (1932)
Fiat 508 C.
Middle class with 4-cylinder engines up to 1500 cm³
The Fiat 501 is a two- to six-seater mid-range car that Fiat brought out as the first model after the First World War . The vehicles with a separate frame were available with different bodies, such as sedan , torpedo and spider . They were equipped with a 4-cylinder in-line engine with a displacement of 1460 cm³ and an output of 17 kW (23 hp). The shift lever of the unsynchronized 4-speed gearbox was on the inside right. The steering wheel was also arranged on the right. The maximum speed specified was 70 km / h. Many cars were delivered as taxis.
The Fiat 501 S was a sports version of the aforementioned model that came out a year later. The engine developed 19.5 kW (27 hp) and the top speed was between 95 and 100 km / h, depending on the version. The gear lever had moved to the middle of the car. There was also the Fiat 501 C specially designed for use in the Italian colonies of Libya and Abyssinia .
The luxury version of the model 501 was called the Fiat 502 and came out in 1923 with the same mechanics on a longer and wider chassis. The “luxury torpedo” could only be max. Reach 73 km / h.
In 1926 the models 501 and 502 were discontinued and the Fiat 503 was presented. He retained the wheelbase, track width and mechanics of the Fiat 502. Its engine now developed 20 kW (27 hp) and its top speed rose to 75 km / h. This model was also discontinued after a year.
Three years later, in 1929, Fiat again offered a new mid-range car, the Fiat 514 . The engine had a slightly smaller displacement - 1438 cc - but the output had increased to 20.6 kW (28 hp). There were versions with short and long chassis, as a two-door sedan, Cabriolet Royal, Torpedo, Spider or Coupé. The cars reached top speeds of 75 to 82 km / h. The Spider was also available with an output of 25.4 kW (35 PS) ( Fiat 514 S ) or 27 kW (37 PS) ( Fiat 514 CA (Coppa dell 'Alpi)). In 1930 a Fiat 514 MM (Mille Miglia) was added. The Spider could reach 105–112 km / h.
In 1931 the model 514 was replaced by the Fiat 515 . It had the same basic engine as the 514, but the chassis of the larger Fiat 522. Accordingly, there was also a four-door sedan and a landaulet with six windows.
Its successor in 1935 was the Fiat 1500, which was completely redesigned from an aerodynamic point of view . For more details see there .
Fiat 501 Spider (1923)
Fiat 503 Torpedo (1927)
Fiat 514 S (1929)
Fiat 514 CA (1931)
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Upper middle class with 4-cylinder engines up to 2300 cm³
The Fiat 505 was launched at the same time as the 501 model in 1919 . It had a slightly longer chassis than this one and a significantly larger engine (displacement: 2296 cm³, power: 24 kW (33 PS)). Only four-door torpedoes and sedans were made. The maximum speed was 70-75 km / h.
In 1926 the Fiat 507 replaced the 505 model. It had the same engine, slightly higher performance and a slightly longer chassis. The car was the first Fiat to be equipped with four-wheel brakes and shock absorbers. Production was stopped after just two years.
It was not until 1933 that an upper middle class model with a 4-cylinder engine appeared again. The Fiat 518 C / L (Corto = short chassis, Lungo = long chassis) had the nickname Ardita 1750 according to its motorization (displacement: 1758 cm³, power: 40 HP (29 kW)) . The four-door sedans were also delivered as the Ardita 2000 with a 1944 cc engine with 33 kW (45 hp). The Fiat 518 Coloniale appeared in a heavier version with the same engine . In addition, the Fiat 518 S Ardita 2000 Sport with an engine boosted to 40 kW (54 hp) was only available on the short chassis . The top speeds were 98-105 km / h, the "Sport" brought it to 115 km / h, the heavy "Coloniale" only 85 km / h. In 1938 the four-cylinder engines were finally discontinued in the upper middle class.
Upper middle class with 6-cylinder engines up to 3000 cm³
As an alternative to the 507 model with a four-cylinder engine, the Fiat 520 (not to be confused with the 520 Superfiat, see below) with a significantly more powerful 6-cylinder engine (2244 cm³, 34 kW (46 hp) was built in 1927 on the same chassis with the same technology , 90 km / h). This model was the first Fiat to have left-hand drive. A year later, the Fiat 520 T with a smaller engine (1866 cm³, 36 kW (49 PS), 78 km / h) was also available.
In the same year the Fiat 521 / C (C = Corto = short chassis) appeared with a 2516 cm³ engine with 37 kW (50 hp). In addition to the torpedoes, four-door sedans and two-door coupes were built. 1931, this model was slightly increased by the Fiat 522 C / L peeled off. At the same time, the heavier Fiat 524 C / L model with up to 40 kW (54 hp) appeared.
The Fiat 522 S , which was only built in 1932 and 1933, had an engine output of 48 kW (65 hp) with the same displacement and was only supplied with a short chassis.
In 1934 the Fiat 527 Ardita 2500 replaced its predecessor with the same engine. The 44 kW (60 PS) variant was called the Fiat 527 S Ardita 2500 Sport and achieved 118 km / h. In 1936 the four-door sedans were discontinued after production of only 260 units.
The Fiat 2800 , released in 1938, had a significantly larger engine, which was only built 621 times in the streamlined shape of the Fiat 1500 until the end of the war in 1944 as a command vehicle and representative sedan.
Upper class with 6-cylinder engines up to 4000 cm³
The third and largest model, the Fiat 510 , appeared in 1919, shortly after its "brothers" Fiat 501 and 505. Its in-line engine with 3446 cm³ had an output of 34 kW (46 hp) and allowed the four-door luxury sedans or torpedoes to reach 85 km / h. A year later he was given the Fiat 510 S with 39 kW (53 hp). It had a stylish pointed radiator and a particularly fast-paced V-shaped windshield. These models were built almost 14,000 times by 1925; the "S" only had a share of 414 in this.
The successor was the Fiat 512 , which appeared in 1926 with the same basic engine but a longer chassis. The four-seat torpedoes or six-seat landaulets only reached 80 km / h. Around 2,500 units were built in two years.
In May 1928 the Fiat 525 N with a 3739 cc engine with 50 kW (68 hp) replaced this model. four-door sedans and two-seat convertibles drove around 100 km / h. A year later the “N” was accompanied by a slightly stronger Fiat 525 S , which brought it up to 115 km / h. In addition, there was the Fiat 525 SS (Sovra Compresso) with 65 kW (88 PS) as the Spider , the "Leggere" (light version) with speeds of up to 130 km / h. In 1931, after production of around 4,500 units, the large six-cylinder units were finally discontinued.
On April 20, 1929, Pope Pius XI. a specially equipped Fiat 525 as a gift.
Big class with 6-cylinder engines up to 5000 cm³ and 12-cylinder engines
The largest pre-war Fiat model was the Fiat 520 "Superfiat" . It was launched in 1921 and had a V12 engine with a 60 ° cylinder angle and 6805 cc displacement. Its 59 kW (80 hp) were transferred to the rear wheels with an unsynchronized 3-speed gearbox with a gearshift lever in the middle of the car. The over 5.20 m long vehicle reached speeds of up to 120 km / h and was available as a " Dorsay torpedo " for chauffeur operation or as a four-seater torpedo for self-drive. In two years of production, probably only five copies were built. So one can hardly speak of series production. It only has the name in common with the six-cylinder Fiat 520/520 T, which appeared six years later.
The Fiat 519 can be considered its successor . It came onto the market in 1922 with a 6-cylinder in-line engine with a displacement of 4764 cm³. Despite the smaller displacement, depending on the model, 51–59 kW (75–80 hp) were available again. A 4th gear was also added. The vehicles were offered as a torpedo, sedan or coupé de ville as model 519 A, 519 B or 519 S (with a shorter chassis) until 1927. Over 2,400 of this type were produced.
At the end of the 1920s, another large model was to appear, the Fiat 530 with an 8-cylinder in-line engine. The global economic crisis destroyed these plans.
literature
- Wolfgang Schmarbeck: All FIAT automobiles 1899–1981 . Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-87943-459-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reinhard Bauer: The "1000 Miles of Czechoslovakia" - only held three times! (PDF).