Historically African American colleges and universities

As a historically African-American colleges and universities (fixed English expression. : Historically black colleges and universities , common abbreviation HBCU ) are in the United States -based educational institutions in the tertiary education called that were founded before 1964 and originally the training of African Americans served .

overview

Tennessee State University

The Higher Education Act of 1965 , a law governing higher education in the United States, defines an HBCU as "... any historically black college or university founded prior to 1964 whose central mission was and is to educate black Americans ..."

There are around 105 colleges and universities that belong to the group of HBCUs, including both private and public institutions, two- and four-year colleges, medical faculties and community colleges. In 1837, the first Institute for Colored Youth was founded in Philadelphia by a donation from Quaker Richard Humphreys , the first of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities in America - today Cheyney University of Pennsylvania .

Most of the HBCUs were established after the Civil War , with notable exceptions being Lincoln University , Pennsylvania, founded in 1854, and Wilberforce University, founded in 1856. Some of the HBCUs, after having been in operation for decades, closed during the 1930s and 1940s . The reasons for the closings were the great depression and financial difficulties. Examples are Western University in Kansas and Walden University in Nashville , Tennessee .

Other educational institutions also have high proportions of African American students, but were only accepted after the Brown v. Board of Education before the US Supreme Court and the Higher Education Act of 1965, which banned racial segregation in public educational institutions, opened or admitted African American students. They are not referred to as HBCU, but as "predominantly black". Some of the HBCUs now have a majority of non-African American students, including West Virginia State University , whose student body has been about 90 percent white since the mid-1960s.

The United Negro College Fund , founded in 1944, sponsors scholarships at 37 different HBCUs.

List of HBCUs

University	Seat	founding	Art	Denomination	comment
Concordia College	Selma, Alabama	1922	Private	Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod	Until 1981 as Alabama Lutheran Academy and Junior College
Miles College	Fairfield, Alabama	1905	Private	Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	Until 1941 as Miles Memorial College
Oakwood University	Huntsville, Alabama	1896	Private	Seventh-day Adventists	Founded as Oakwood Industrial School
Selma University	Selma, Alabama	1878	Private	Alabama State Missionary Baptist Convention	Founded as the Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School
Stillman College	Tuscaloosa, Alabama	1876	Private
Talladega College	Talladega County, Alabama	1867	Private	United Church of Christ	Until 1869 as Swayne School
Tuskegee University	Tuskegee, Alabama	1881	Private
Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University	Normal (Alabama)	1875	public		Founded as the Colored Normal School at Huntsville
Alabama State University	Montgomery, Alabama	1867	public		Founded as the Lincoln Normal School of Marion
Bishop State Community College	Mobile, Alabama	1927	public		Originally an offshoot of Alabama State College
Gadsden State Community College	Gadsden, Alabama	1925	public		Founded as the Alabama School of Trades
JF Drake State Technical College	Huntsville, Alabama	1961	public		Founded as the Huntsville State Vocational Technical School
Lawson State Community College	Bessemer, Alabama		public
Shelton State Community College	Tuscaloosa, Alabama	1952	public		Founded as JP Shelton Trade School
Trenholm State Technical College	Montgomery, Alabama	1947	public		Founded as the John M. Patterson Technical School
Arkansas Baptist College	Little Rock, Arkansas	1884	Private	Baptists	Established as a Minister's Institute
Philander Smith College	Little Rock, Arkansas	1877	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as Walden Seminary
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff	Pine Bluff, Arkansas	1873	public		Established as Branch Normal College
Delaware State University	Dover (Delaware)	1891	public		Founded as The State College for Colored Students
Howard University	Washington, DC	1867	Private
University of the District of Columbia	Washington, DC	1851	public		Founded as Miner Normal School
Bethune-Cookman University	Daytona Beach ( Florida )	1904	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as the Daytona Educational and Industrial Training School for Negro Girls
Edward Waters College	Jacksonville (Florida)	1866	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as the Brown Theological Institute
Florida Memorial University	Miami Gardens (Florida)	1879	Private	American Baptist Home Mission Society	Founded as the Florida Baptist Institute in Live Oak
Florida A&M	Tallahassee (Florida)	1887	public		Founded as the State Normal College for Colored Students
Clark Atlanta University	Atlanta ( Georgia )	1865	Private	Methodist Episcopal Church
Interdenominational Theological Center	Atlanta (Georgia)	1958	Private	Ecumenical movement
Morehouse College	Georgia, Atlanta	1867	Private	Baptists	Founded as the Augusta Institute
Morehouse School of Medicine	Atlanta (Georgia)	1975	Private		Originally built as part of Morehouse College
Morris Brown College	Vine City (Georgia)	1881	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church
Paine College	Augusta (Georgia)	1882	Private	United Methodist Church and Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as the Paine Institute
Spelman College	Atlanta (Georgia)	1881	Private		Founded as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary
Albany State University	Albany (Georgia)	1903	public		Founded as the Albany Bible and Manual Training Institute
Fort Valley State University	Fort Valley (Georgia)	1895	public		Founded as Fort Valley High and Industrial School
Savannah State University	Savannah (Georgia)	1890	public		Founded as Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth
Kentucky State University	Frankfort (Kentucky)	1886	public		Founded as the State Normal School for Colored Persons
Dillard University	New Orleans ( Louisiana )	1869	Private	United Church of Christ and United Methodist Church	Originated from Straight University and Union Normal School
Xavier University of Louisiana	New Orleans, Louisiana	1915	Private	Roman Catholic Church	Originated from St. Katharine Drexel and the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
Grambling State University	Grambling (Louisiana)	1901	public		Founded as Colored Industrial and Agricultural School
Southern University and A&M College	Baton Rouge (Louisiana)	1881	public		Founded on the initiative of PBS Pinchback , TT Allain and Henry Demas
Southern University at New Orleans	New Orleans, Louisiana	1959	public		Founded as a branch of Southern University in Baton Rouge
Southern University at Shreveport	Shreveport, Louisiana	1967	public		Part of the Southern University System
Bowie State University	Prince George's County ( Maryland )	1865	public		Founded as the Baltimore Normal School
Coppin State University	Baltimore, Maryland	1900	public		Founded as a Colored High School
Morgan State University	Baltimore, Maryland	1867	public	Originally: Methodist Episcopal	Founded as the Centenary Biblical Institute
University of Maryland Eastern Shore	Princess Anne (Maryland)	1886	public	Originally: Methodist Episcopal	Founded as the Delaware Conference Academy
Lewis College of Business	Detroit ( Michigan )	1928	Private		Founded as a Lewis Business College
Rust College	Holly Springs, Mississippi	1866	Private	United Methodist Church	Until 1882 as Shaw University
Tougaloo College	Madison County, Mississippi	1869	Private	American Missionary Association	Founded as Tougaloo University
Alcorn State University	Lorman (Mississippi)	1871	public		Founded as Alcorn University in honor of James L. Alcorn
Coahoma Community College	Coahoma County, Mississippi	1924	public		Founded as a Coahoma County Agricultural High School
Hinds Community College at Utica	Utica (Mississippi)	1903	public		Founded as Utica Junior College
Jackson State University	Jackson (Mississippi)	1877	public	American Baptist Home Mission Society	Founded as Natchez Seminary
Mississippi Valley State University	Itta Bena (Mississippi)	1950	public		Founded as the Mississippi Vocational College
Harris-Stowe State University	St. Louis, Missouri	1857	public		Founded as the St. Louis Normal School
Lincoln University of Missouri	Jefferson City	1866	public		Founded as the Lincoln Institute
Bennett College	Greensboro, North Carolina	1873	Private	United Methodist Church
Johnson C. Smith University	Charlotte, North Carolina	1867	Private	Presbyterian Church (USA)	Founded as the Biddle Memorial Institute
Livingstone College	Salisbury, North Carolina	1879	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	Founded as the Zion Wesley Institute
St. Augustine's College	Raleigh, North Carolina	1867	Private	Episcopal Church of the United States of America
Shaw University	Raleigh, North Carolina	1865	Private	National Baptist Convention
Elizabeth City State University	Elizabeth City	1891	public
Fayetteville State University	Fayetteville, North Carolina	1867	public		Founded as the Howard School
North Carolina A&T State University	Greensboro, North Carolina	1891	public
North Carolina Central University	Durham, North Carolina	1910	public		Founded as the National Religious Training School and Chautauqua
Winston-Salem State University	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	1892	public		Founded as Slater Industrial and State Normal School
Wilberforce University	Wilberforce (Ohio)	1856	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Named after William Wilberforce
Central State University	Wilberforce (Ohio)	1887	public	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Originally a faculty at Wilberforce University
Langston University	Langston, Oklahoma	1897	public		Founded as Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University
Cheyney University of Pennsylvania	Cheyney ( Pennsylvania )	1837	public		Founded as the Institute for Colored Youth
Lincoln University	Chester County, Pennsylvania	1854	public		Founded as the Ashmun Institute
Allen University	Columbia, South Carolina	1870	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as the Payne Institute
Benedict College	Columbia, South Carolina	1870	Private	American Baptist Churches USA	Founded as the Benedict Institute
Claflin University	Orangeburg, South Carolina	1869	Private	United Methodist Church
Clinton Junior College	Rock Hill, South Carolina	1894	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church	Founded as the Clinton Institute
Denmark Technical College	Denmark (South Carolina)	1947	Private		Founded as the Denmark Area Trade School
Morris College	Sumter ( South Carolina )	1908	Private	Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention
Voorhees College	Denmark (South Carolina)	1897	Private	Episcopal Church	Founded as Denmark Industrial School
South Carolina State University	Orangeburg, South Carolina	1896	public		Founded as Colored, Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Carolina
Fisk University	Nashville ( Tennessee )	1866	Private	Churches of Christ	Named after Clinton Bowen Fisk
Knoxville College	Knoxville, Tennessee	1875	Private	United Presbyterian Church of North America
Lane College	Jackson (Tennessee)	1882	Private	Christian Methodist Episcopal Church	Founded as Colored Methodist Episcopal High School
LeMoyne-Owen College	Memphis (Tennessee)	1862	Private	United Church of Christ	Founded as LeMoyne Normal and Commercial School
Meharry Medical College	Nashville (Tennessee)	1876	Private	United Methodist Church	Founded as the Medical Department of Central Tennessee College
Tennessee State University	Nashville (Tennessee)	1912	public		Founded as an Agricultural and Industrial State Normal School
Huston-Tillotson University	Austin (Texas)	1881	Private	United Methodist Church / United Church of Christ	Founded as the Tillotson Collegiate and Normal Institute
Jarvis Christian College	Hawkins (Texas)	1912	Private	The Disciples
Paul Quinn College	Dallas (Texas)	1872	Private	African Methodist Episcopal Church	Named after William Paul Quinn
SSt. Philip's College	San Antonio (Texas)	1898	Private	Episcopal Church	Founded as St. Philip's Sewing Class for Girls
Southwestern Christian College	Terrell (Texas)	1948	Private	Churches of Christ	Founded as the Southern Bible Institute
Texas College	Tyler (Texas)	1894	Private	Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
Wiley College	Marshall (Texas)	1873	Private	Methodist Episcopal Church	Named after Isaac William Wiley
Prairie View A&M University	Prairie View (Texas)	1876	public		Founded as Alta Vista Agriculture & Mechanical College for Colored Youth
Texas Southern University	Houston (Texas)	1947	public		Founded as the Texas State University for Negroes
University of the Virgin Islands	United States Virgin Islands	1962	public		Founded as the College of the Virgin Islands
Hampton University	Hampton (Virginia)	1868	Private		Founded as the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute
Saint Paul's College	Lawrenceville, Virginia	1888	Private	Episcopal Church of the United States of America	Founded as Saint Paul Normal and Industrial School
Virginia Union University	Richmond, Virginia	1865	Private	American Baptist Churches USA	Founded as Wayland Seminary
Virginia University of Lynchburg	Lynchburg, Virginia	1886	Private	Baptists	Founded as Lynchburg Baptist Seminary
Norfolk State University	Norfolk (Virginia)	1935	public		Founded as the Norfolk Unit of Virginia Union University
Virginia State University	Petersburg (Virginia)	1882	public		Founded as the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute at Petersburg
Bluefield State College	Bluefield, West Virginia	1895	public		Founded as the Bluefield Colored Institute
West Virginia State University	Kanawha County, West Virginia	1891	public		Founded as the West Virginia Colored Institute

Former HBCUS

University	Seat	founding	Art	Denomination	comment
Barber-Scotia College	Concord, North Carolina	1867	Private	Presbyterian churches	Closed in 1955
Bishop College	Dallas (Texas)	1881	Private	Baptist Home Mission Society	Closing in 1988
Mount Hermon Female Seminary	Clinton, Mississippi	1875	Private	American Missionary Association	Closing in 1924
Storer College	Harpers Ferry, West Virginia	1865	public		Closed in 1955

Individual evidence

1. ^ White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities . April 11, 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 23, 2008. 
2. ↑ "... any historically black college or university that was established prior to 1964, whose principal mission was, and is, the education of black Americans, and that is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association determined by the Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as to the quality of training offered or is, according to such an agency or association, making reasonable progress toward accreditation. " HBCUs: A National Resource . In: White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities . January 15, 2008. Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 8, 2008. 
3. ^ List of HBCUs . In: White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities . United States Department of Education. August 17, 2007. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 8, 2008. 
4. ^ History of Cheyney University
5. ↑ Trenholm State Technical College Website ( Memento of February 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
6. ^ Arkansas Baptist College website
7. ↑ Lewis College of Business Website ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ^ Harris-Stowe State University website
9. ↑ Lincoln University of Missouri website ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
10. ↑ Central State University History ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ Clinton Junior College History ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2012 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
12. ↑ Denmark Technical College History Website  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
13. ^ History of Fisk . Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 1, 2008. 
14. ↑ Lane College History Website ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
15. ↑ LeMoyne-Owen College History Website ( memento of the original from June 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ St. Philip's College History ( Memento of the original from January 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Southwestern Christian College History ( December 4, 2004 memento in the Internet Archive )
18. ↑ Prairie View A&M University History ( Memento of the original from October 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
19. ↑ Virginia Union University History ( Memento of the original from March 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
20. ^ Norfolk State University History ( March 9, 2009 memento in the Internet Archive )

literature

• Rodney T. Cohen: The Black Colleges of Atlanta , Arcadia Publishing, 2000, ISBN 0-7385-0554-4 .
• Stephen Provasnik, Linda L. Shafer: Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 1976 to 2001 , US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2004 ( PDF )

Web links

• Twilight and Reason: Higher Education and the African American Experience
• HBCU Network: The History of HBCUs
• White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities - Fehler link
• Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the United States of America (A – Z)
• Historically Black Colleges and Universities Ranking 2012