Johann IV. (Gützkow)

Johann IV von Gützkow , also Henning von Gützkow , († before May 27, 1372 ), was the last count of Gützkow .

Research history

The differentiation of the individual Gützkow counts named Johann is just as difficult as it is the case with their relatives named Jaczo . From the original assumption that there were four Gützkower Count Jaczo of the same name, the research could be reduced to three or possibly two people. With the Gützkower Count Johann , Theodor Pyl assumed five of the same name, Roderich Schmidt only mentioned three in his brief treatise, while Detlev Schwennicke assumed that six counts Johann von Gützkow could be distinguished . In addition, the castle men of the same name from Wieck before Gützkow had at least one relative named Johann von Gützkow , who appeared in a document at the beginning of the 14th century.

It is certain and undisputed that Johann IV von Gützkow was a son of Johann II von Gützkow and the younger brother of Count Johann III. († 1334) was.

The view that John IV was the one who died between January 16 and June 18, 1334 from the wounds he had received in the Battle of Kremmer Damm , was first contradicted by Johannes Hoffmann, who was later joined by Rymar and Schwennicke. The more recent research sees Johann III. as the deceased in 1334 and Johann IV as the Count von Gützkow, who between 1359 and 1372 decided the male line of his sex. There is no clear documentary evidence as to which of the two count's brothers survived the year 1334.

Documented appearance

The counts Nikolaus , Johann III. and Johann IV von Gützkow left half of the village of Hanshagen to the Greifswald bourgeois family von Krebsow for 640 Mark Wendisch on April 21, 1320 , along with the two Untermühlen, 15 Landhufen and a few cottages to cover the debt of their recently deceased cousin Count Bernhard von Gützkow . Bernhard's sister Margarete von Gützkow also put her seal on the certificate.

The Counts Johann III. and Johann IV von Gützkow ( Johannes et Johannes, fratres, Dei gracia comites de Gutzekow ) pledged three marks from three hooves of their estate in Diedrichshagen for 30 marks to the Greifswald citizen Martin von Münster on March 27, 1323 . Also in 1323, both counts awarded the Eldena monastery 5 Mark Bede in Weitenhagen.

In the first War of the Rügen Succession , the Counts of Gützkow were initially partisans of the Mecklenburg people . After the cities of Demmin and Greifswald refused an armistice in mid-August 1326, Count Johann III also declared. from Gützkow the open feud to the cities . On June 13, 1327, however, Johannes et Henninghus, Dei gracia comites de Gutzecowe in Greifswald with their vassals of the Duchess Elisabeth of Pomerania, widow of Wartislaw IV , and their underage children , vowed loyalty to Pomerania. As Duke Heinrich II of Mecklenburg and Messrs Johann II and Johann III. moved from Werle to Treptow in 1328 , the Pomeranians threw themselves under the leadership of Gützkower Count Johann III. opposed and defeated the Mecklenburgers at Völschow . As a result, on June 27, 1328, the Peace of Brudersdorf came about , in which the Counts of Gützkow ( de greven van Gutzcowe ) had a significant share and which they also signed.

The Counts Johann III. and Johann IV. von Gützkow ( Johannes et Hennyngus, Dei gracia comes in Ghutzecow ) put on June 26, 1330 Mechtild von Schwerin , the wife of Johann IV. von Gützkow, a personal property of 300 marks and an inheritance in the village of Vorwerk near Loitz for in the event that he dies.

On July 15, 1331, the Counts Johann III reconciled. and Johann IV. von Gützkow ( Johannes and Johanes de Gutzkouwe comites ) again with Duke Barnim III. and promised him military successes outside the country.

In the Pomeranian-Brandenburg War , the battle on the Kremmer Damm took place on August 1, 1332 . One of the count's brothers is said to have sustained serious injuries before the Brandenburgers, to which he later succumbed.

When the dukes Otto I and Barnim III. von Pomerania on June 28, 1333 in Lippehne in the Neumark agreed a land peace with the Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg for three years, a Count Johann von Gützkow ( greve Johannes van Gutzecowe ) was also involved.

The Counts Johann III. von Gützkow ( Johannes senior comes de Gutzecowe ) and Johann IV. von Gützkow ( Johannes junior Dei gracia comes de Gutzecow ) confirmed on January 16, 1334 in Gützkow the release of 11 ½ hooves in Sanz to the brothers Heinrich and Ludekin Long in Greifswald as a buyer by the Behr brothers and enfeoffed the buyer. Among the document witnesses in Gützkow was a Rudolfo de Gutzecow, civibus in Gripeswold .

Count Johann IV von Gützkow ( Johannes Dei gracia comes de Gutzecow ) repeated and affirmed on June 18, 1334 in Gützkow the willful donation of Hebungen from the village of Weitenhagen to the Eldena monastery by his deceased brother Johann III. ( frater noster Johannes bone memorie comes eciam in Gützecow ) for the establishment of an eternal vicariate . Accordingly, Johann III died. before June 18, 1334. On June 18, 1334, Count Johann IV. von Gützkow ( Johannes Dei gracia comes de Gutzecow ) in Gützkow repeated and affirmed the willful donation of Hebungen from the village of Weitenhagen to the Eldena monastery by his deceased brother Johann III . for the establishment of an eternal vicariate. Also in 1334 on November 18, Lüdeke, Heinrich and Vicko von Behr sold seven hooves in Sanz to the Greifswald brothers for 385 marks with the consent of domicello Johanne comite de Gutsekow . On December 17, 1334, Duke Bogislaw V. von Pommern-Wolgast reached an agreement with the city of Greifenhagen about the debts left by his father, Duke Wartislaw IV., De greve van Ghutzecowe was the first to appear among the documentary witnesses.

When Duchess Elisabeth von Pommern-Wolgast and her sons Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V joined forces with Bishop Friedrich von Cammin on the Rega in Treptow on February 25, 1335 , Johann IV ( nobilis vir Johannes comes de Gutzekow ) was again the first among the witnesses, which underlined his important position at the Herzoghof.

Large seal from 1336
S 'Iohannis Dei gratia Comitis de Gutzecowe

When the cathedral chapter of Cammin settled a dispute with the squire Arnold von Rahmel on March 11, 1336 in Greifswald , Johannes comes was the first witness in Guczekowe . When Johann IV. ( Johannes Dei gracia comes de Guetzecow ) on December 21, 1336 again confirmed the sale of six hooves in Sanz by the siblings Ludeke, Heinrich, Vicko and Heseke von Behr to the Greifswald citizens Heinrich and Ludeke Lange and the buyers with it enfeoffed, Henrico et Rodolfo dictis de Gutzecow fratribus civibus in Gripeswald were again among the witnesses. The so-called large seal (Fig.) Also dates from this year .

In 1337, Count Johann IV. ( Johannes Dei gracia comes de Gutzecow ) confirmed the sale by the Behr brothers to the Schuppellenburg and Witte families in Greifswald on March 14th, raising 33 marks a year for six hooves in Groß Kiesow and enfeoffing them with the raising. On October 4th he testified and sealed a confirmation of Duke Barnim III. to the Jasenitz Monastery with reference to an earlier document dated May 9, 1331.

Bishop Ludolf von Schwerin , the dukes Erich and Albrecht of Saxony , Duke Barnim III. of Pomerania-Stettin, Duke Waldemar of Schleswig , Count Heinrich von Schwerin , Counts Gerhard and Johann von Holstein , Prince Albrecht of Mecklenburg , Count Johann von Gützkow, Princes Johann and Nikolaus von Werle , Count Adolf von Schauenburg and Count Nikolaus von Schwerin , concluded a six-year state peace in Lübeck on January 11, 1338 , in which they also included the cities of Lübeck, Hamburg , Rostock and Wismar . In the event of war, Johann, greve van Gutzecowe had to provide the alliance with 10 men on horseback with armor and 5 riflemen, as well as a small and a large cannon with a gunner. His position in the list of coalitionists again suggests his high reputation. When the Pomeranian dukes August 14, 1338 after 100 years of struggle, in which Count Johann III. of Gützkow on the Kremmer dam had forfeited his life against Brandenburg shaken off their suzerainty, found in the in Frankfurt for Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg -crafted document also hern Johansen earl ze Guezzgow mention. This sentence is missing in the copy of the Pomeranian dukes.

Duke Barnim III. von Pomerania-Stettin confirmed in Lübeck on June 2, 1340 all the privileges granted by its predecessors to the Reinfeld monastery and donated the mill in Treptow an der Rega to the monastery. The first documentary witness is again generoso viri Johanne comite Guscowen

Subject to the consent of their master, Count Johann IV von Gützkow ( domino Nostro Johanne comite de Gutzekowe ) , the von Behr brothers sell three cottages in Sanz to Heinrich Lange, a citizen of Greifswald, on March 3, 1342.

In 1346 Count Johann the Elder von Gützkow pledged 40 Marks rent of 9 Hufen and some cottages of the village of Kartzin for 365 Marks to the Magister Eberhard Rubenow .

On September 28, 1348, Johann V ( Johannes, Dei gracia comes de Gutzecowe iunior ) sold by consensus with his uncle Johann IV ( Johannis senioris, comitis de Gutzecowe ) in Greifswald to Greifswald councilor Eberhard Walen and his heirs for 333 marks, five Schilling and four pfennigs owned 10 Hufen in the village of Müssow . On December 11, 1349, Johannes iunior, Dei gracia comes de Gutzecow, again in consensus with his uncle Johannis senioris, comitis de Gutzecowe in Greifswald with the right to redeem them within two years, sold another 20 marks from the annual increase in the value of 10 hooves of the village of Müssow to Eberhard Walen and his heirs. Already before that, grave Johann van Gützkow testified on June 24th 1349 in Stettin for his Duke Barnim III. permission to found the town of Greifenberg in the Uckermark . Also sold Johannes, Dei gracia comes in Gutzecowe with the right of redemption within three years on December 5, 1349 to the Greifswald councilor Johann Pape and his heirs, as well as the brothers Heinrich and Johann Poltzin, who take over the fiefdom for Johann Papes, 28 Mark Sundisch raised four hooves annually in the village of Guest , as previously granted to the Schlagtower knight Lippold Behr, for 250 Mark Sundisch and enfeoffed Johann Pape and Erben with these elevations.

In 1352 Count Johann IV von Gützkow and Duke Barnim III. from Pomerania-Stettin to a contract of inheritance, which regulated the confiscation of the county of Gützkow by the ducal house with the foreseeable outcome of the count's house of Gützkow.

On August 29, 1353, the city of Gützkow received a certificate of approval from Johannes, dono Domini comes in Gutzekow , with confirmation of numerous earlier donations and possessions, confirmation of high and low jurisdiction and the exemption from all taxes and services.

In Pasewalk on June 6, 1354, Count Johann IV von Gützkow ( Johan, van der gnade Ghodes greve tu Gutzekow ), Marshal Wedego Bugenhagen and 14 other named Pomeranian knights and squires praised Prince Albrecht and Waldemar von Anhalt and their husbands that All agreements should be kept between the feudal lords of the exhibitors, the dukes Bogislaw V., Barnim IV. and Wartislaw V. von Pommern-Wolgast, with the mentioned princes on May 22, 1354 at Pasewalk about the opinion in disputes between the mutual vassals hit. On December 22nd, 1354 Johannes, Dei gracia comes in Ghulykow, left the upper part of Hanshagen with 23 hooves, two water mills and all accessories and all rights including lease, bede, small tithes and the services of linen and smoking hens for 1006 Mark Sundisch Greifswald Mayor Heinrich von Lübeck .

In 1355, Count Johann IV von Gützkow ( Johannes, Dei gracia comes de Gutzekow ) first sold on April 13th to the Greifswald citizen Bertold von Munster and his relatives and heirs from the bede of 4½ Hufen of the village of Weitenhagen annual increases of over 13 marks and eight schillings for a purchase price of 110 marks, redeemable within 10 years. Then on June 15, together with Count Otto von Eberstein-Naugard , he attested to a notarization or transsumption of the Dukes Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V of Pommern-Wolgast for the city of Stargard as Johannes, comes in Gutzkow . Finally, Johannes, van der gnade Godes en greve to Gutzekow enfeoffed the Greifswald citizens and brothers Cord and Dietrich Wusterhusen with six hooves in the village of Sanz.

In 1356 Count Johann IV von Gützkow certified the sale of a farm in Krowelin by his vassal Henning Owstin on February 10th, whereby he favored the parish church in Gützkow through future grain taxes from the farm. On March 16, Johann, van der gnade Godes eyn ghreve tho Ghuetscowe in Gützkow sold the brothers Heine and Henning Behr von Schlagtow and their heirs for 305 Mark Sundischer Pfennige the amount of four Hufen zu Müssow and a few Hufen zu Sanz, as well as the lease of two hooves in Züssow and finally the knight's bede of four hooves in Groß Kiesow. With these increases, free of performance and service, the count mortgaged the buyers and their heirs within 10 years, while maintaining the right of repurchase. When the dukes Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V von Pommern-Wolgast confirmed and transsumed a number of documents from their predecessors for the Camminer Church on July 19, Count Johann IV von Gützkow and Otto von Eberstein- Naugard (nobilis viris Johanne in Gutzekowe et Ottone in Neugarden, comitibus) among the witnesses. Finally, in 1356, Count Johann von Gützkow ceded various rights to the Eldena Monastery.

In 1357 Count Johann von Gützkow ( nobilis dominus, dominus Johannes, comes de Gutzecow ) only appeared once in a document as a witness, when the Dukes Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V of Pomerania-Wolgast issued a document on January 31 in Wollin confirmed and transsumed by Duke Barnim I on January 5, 1274 on the granting of German town charter to Cammin .

Greve Johan van Gutzekow appeared for the last time on April 30, 1359 in Ålholm Castle on Laaland as a witness for his dukes Bogislaw V, Barnim IV and Wartislaw V of Pomerania-Wolgast, when they gave their liege, King Waldemar, because of the Principality of Rügen (Atterdag) of Denmark and his son Junker Christoph paid homage.

When Duke Bogislaw V. moved to Stargard on June 8, 1372 with his brother sons Wartislaw VI. and Bogislaw VI. , agreed on a division of their rule Pommern-Wolgast, the dukes could freely dispose of the county of Gützkow, which was under them on May 27, 1372, as a settled fief. Count Johann IV von Gützkow must have died before this date.

family

Johann IV married, there is complete agreement, around June 28, 1330 with Mechthild , a daughter of Count Günzel VI. von Schwerin and the Richardis von Tecklenburg . Hoffmann and Schmidt see this as the sister of his sister-in-law Elisabeth , wife of his brother Johann III. , and both equate the von Gützkow sisters, who are mentioned in documents in 1378.

Johann V was still seen by Pyl as the son of Johann IV , while Hoffmann as well as Rymar and Schwennicke see him as a nephew, which consequently results from the different point of view as to which of the two brothers died in 1334. Accordingly, all of Hoffmann and Schmidt's previous authors see the above-mentioned sisters Elisabeth and Mechthild also as daughters of Johann IV. Deviating from this, Schwennicke identifies the two sisters as the granddaughters of Johann IV and names a Count Johann VI. than his son. However, this view cannot be understood, at least on the basis of the material listed as a whole, either he was not aware of Hoffmann's statements or he rejected them at this point.

It is, however, chronologically conceivable that Hanna von Gützkow († before 1383), who was married to the archbishop's district judge Hermann von Werberg († after January 6, 1417) since 1373 , is a daughter of Johann IV . Schwennicke does not name her parents, but he gives her the title Countess. Like Barbara von Gützkow († before 1323), the presumed first abbess in the Krummin monastery , Hanna cannot be safely included in the filiation of the Counts of Gützkow, although she was a Countess of Gützkow as stated.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Theodor Pyl :  Jaczo von Salzwedel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 633-636.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Johannes Hoffmann: Studies on the history of the counts of Gützkow. Dissertation, University of Greifswald 1946.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Detlev Schwennicke : European Family Tables , Volume III, Part I, Verlag Vittorio Klostermann , Frankfurt am Main 1984, Plate 7A (based on a manuscript by Edward Rymar ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Theodor Pyl :  Johann III. and IV. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 218-221.
5. ^ ^{A b} Roderich Schmidt :  Gützkow, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 290 f. ( Digitized version ).
6. ↑ Such a knight Johann von Gützkow appeared in a document from 1300 to 1304 and is perhaps to be equated with the documentary mentions of Johannes de Gutcekowe in the Pomeranian Document Book (PUB), nos .: 1606, 1642 and 1643 in the years 1292 and 1293.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Erwin Assmann (Ed.): Pommersches Urkundenbuch , Vol. 8, Cologne 1961, No. 5656.
8. ^ ^{A b} Albert Georg Schwartz : Diplomatic history of the Pomeranian-Rügischen cities of Swedish sovereignty: In addition to the attached history of the county of Gützkow. Hieronymus Johann Struck, Greifswald 1755, p. 766 .
9. ↑ PUB No. 3356.
10. ↑ PUB No. 3670.
11. ↑ PUB No. 3739.
12. ↑ PUB No. 4221.
13. ↑ PUB No. 4211, 4212, 4320.
14. ↑ PUB No. 4395.
15. ↑ PUB No. 4577.
16. ↑ PUB No. 4889.
17. ↑ PUB No. 5073.
18. ↑ PUB No. 5134, 5135.
19. ↑ ^{a b} PUB No. 5169.
20. ↑ PUB No. 5210.
21. ↑ PUB No. 5217.
22. ↑ PUB No. 5249.
23. ↑ PUB No. 5348.
24. ↑ PUB No. 5436.
25. ↑ PUB No. 5486th
26. ↑ PUB No. 5542.
27. ↑ PUB No. 5590.
28. ↑ PUB No. 5655, 5656.
29. ↑ PUB No. 5858.
30. ↑ PUB No. 6014.
31. ^ Regest 1572 State Archives Stettin , Rep. 40 V 6 Bl. 45, or 1603, Rep. 40 V 10 Bl. 69; see Hoffmann (1946), Regesten No. 33.
32. ^ Regest 1946 in the Greifswald City Archives, Memorabilia Book of the City of Greifswald VII, Bl. 336 No. 69 .; see Hoffmann (1946), Regesten No. 35.
33. ^ Regest 1946 in the Greifswald City Archives, Memorabilia Book of the City of Greifswald VII, Bl. 337 No. 70 .; cf. Hoffmann (1946), Regesten No. 38.
34. ^ Adolph Friedrich Riedel : Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , Brand. A. XIII P. 328 f No. 33.
35. ^ Carl Gesterding : Contribution to the history of the city of Greifswald. Greifswald 1827, p. 54 No. 123 b .
36. ↑ ^{a b} Greifswald State Archives : Rep. 40 Part VI. No. 82/2.
37. ↑ Karl Friedrich von Klöden : Diplomatic history of the margrave of Brandenburg declared false, from the years 1345-1356. Immediately presented according to sources. Second part, Berlin 1845. Volume IV, Berlin 1845 p. 411 f. No. 85 .
38. ^ Carl Gesterding : Contribution to the history of the city of Greifswald. Greifswald 1827, p. 59 no.139 .
39. ^ Johann Carl Dähnert : Collection of Pomeranian and Rügen country documents. Supplement III, p. 426 ff. No. 82.
40. ↑ Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch : Documents and research on the history of the Behr family , Volume III, Schwerin 1864, p. 11 f. No. 278 .
41. ↑ Johann Christian Schöttgen and Georg Christoph Kreyssig : Diplomatarii et Scriptores Historicæ Germanicæ , Volume III, Altenburg 1760, p. 28 No. 48 .
42. ↑ The Thomas Kantzow Chronicle of Pomerania in High German dialect , ed. by Georg Gaebel. Niekammer, Stettin 1897, p. 238.
43. ^ Peter Frederik Suhm : Historie af Danmark. Volume XIII, Copenhagen 1826, p. 834 f.
44. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke: European Family Tables , Volume XIX, 2013, Plate 21.
45. ^ Johann Joachim Steinbrück : History of the monasteries in Pomerania. Stettin 1796, p. 65 .