Total share of votes of the parties in the last state parliament elections
Status: February 23, 2020
24.0
22.1
13.7
12.3
7.7
6.6
6.2
2.7
4.7
State parliament is the collective term for the parliaments of the federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany . In the Basic Law ( Art. 28 , Art. 54 Para. 3 GG), the state parliaments are generally referred to as the representative bodies of the states .
In the territorial states, the state parliament is called the state parliament . The composition of the state parliaments is determined in state elections, the electoral period is five years (in the city state of Bremen only four years). In the city-states there are other names instead of the state parliament : House of Representatives in Berlin and Citizenship in Bremen and Hamburg . The elected member of a state parliament is referred to as a member of the state parliament (MdL) or member of the House of Representatives (MdA), the Bremen citizenship (MdBB) or the Hamburg citizenship (MdHB).
Hierarchy and tasks
Constitutionally , the Federal Republic of Germany is a federation of the German states to which they have voluntarily transferred competences . The state parliaments are therefore an expression of German federalism and preserve the tradition of regional legislative competence. However, a state parliament is not allowed to intervene in federal legislation.
The main tasks of the state parliament are the control of the state government , the enactment of state laws and the structuring and approval of the state budget.
State parliaments in Germany
state
|
Popular representation
|
Last choice
|
Legislative period
|
Next election (expected)
|
bathState of Baden-Württemberg
|
State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg |
March 13, 2016 |
16. |
2021-03-14! March 14, 2021
|
bayFree State of Bavaria
|
Bavarian State Parliament |
October 14, 2018 |
18th |
2023-10-14! Autumn 2023
|
berState of Berlin
|
Berlin House of Representatives |
18th September 2016 |
17th |
2021-09! 3rd quarter 2021
|
bracountry Brandenburg
|
Brandenburg State Parliament |
1st September 2019 |
06th |
2024-09! 3rd quarter 2024
|
breFree Hanseatic City of Bremen
|
Bremen citizenship |
May 26, 2019 |
20th |
2023-05! 2nd quarter 2023
|
hamFree and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
|
Hamburg citizenship |
February 23, 2020 |
21st |
2025-02! Spring 2025
|
hesState of Hesse
|
Hessian state parliament |
October 28, 2018 |
20th |
2023-10-28! Autumn 2023
|
mevState of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
|
State Parliament of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
4th September 2016 |
06th |
2021-09! 3rd quarter 2021
|
neverState of Lower Saxony
|
Lower Saxony State Parliament |
15th October 2017 |
17th |
2022-10! Autumn 2022
|
norState of North Rhine-Westphalia
|
State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia |
May 14, 2017 |
17th |
2022-05! 2nd quarter 2022
|
rheState of Rhineland-Palatinate
|
Landtag Rhineland-Palatinate |
March 13, 2016 |
17th |
2021-03! March 14, 2021
|
saaSaarland
|
State Parliament of the Saarland |
March 26, 2017 |
16. |
2022-01! 1st quarter 2022
|
sacFree State of Saxony
|
Saxon State Parliament |
1st September 2019 |
06th |
2024-09! 3rd quarter 2024
|
sanState of Saxony-Anhalt
|
State Parliament of Saxony-Anhalt |
March 13, 2016 |
07th |
2021-06-21! June 6, 2021
|
schState of Schleswig-Holstein
|
Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament |
May 7, 2017 |
19th |
2022! 2nd quarter 2022
|
thuFree State of Thuringia
|
Thuringian Parliament |
October 27, 2019 |
07th |
2021-04-25! April 25, 2021
|
The length of a legislative period is four years in Bremen and five years in all other state parliaments.
elections
Election mode
The electoral mode depends on the country in question. However, all state election laws (essentially) provide for a proportional representation system.
The state of Bremen is divided into two elective areas (municipalities of Bremen and Bremerhaven ), to which the five percent hurdle applies separately and between which there is no equalization. In Bavaria each administrative district forms an electoral district, which in turn is divided into electoral districts; the results of the constituencies are not offset against each other, even if the five percent hurdle is calculated nationwide.
Each country is divided into constituencies (not identical to the rural districts ), and these constituencies in turn are divided into electoral districts , each with a polling station .
With the exception of Bremen, Hamburg and Saarland, a member of the state parliament is directly elected in each constituency . In addition, there is also the state list of each party, from which MPs enter the state parliament if a party is more involved in the overall percentage than is already reflected in the direct mandates it has won (see also: Overhang and compensation mandate ). In Berlin, each party can decide whether to run with a state list or with district lists.
In the state elections in Baden-Württemberg, the voter decides with one vote for both a candidate and his state list, whereby the list is formed according to the voting results of the candidates in their constituencies. In Saarland there is only a list selection. In the other federal states, as in the Bundestag election, there are two separate votes for direct mandate and state list, with the first and second votes being added together to calculate the distribution of seats in Bavaria.
A referendum on June 14, 2004 in Hamburg led to the replacement of pure list voting by a new voting system. It was used for the first time in the mayor elections on February 24, 2008, gives voters more influence on the composition of the citizenry and includes restricted open lists in multi-mandate constituencies.
The electoral law in Bremen provides for the two electoral areas Bremen and Bremerhaven each to distribute five votes to the lists for the electoral area or specific candidates.
Election modes in the German states
country |
Electoral term in years
|
Voting age active / passive
|
Electoral system |
List form |
Number of votes |
Mandates (of which in constituencies)
|
Threshold clause |
Basic mandate clause |
Compensation mandates |
Seat allocation process
|
bath
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
losing constituency candidates |
01 |
120 (70) |
nationwide |
No |
separated by administrative district |
Sainte-Laguë
|
bay
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
open |
02 |
180 (90) |
nationwide |
No |
separated by administrative district |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
ber
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
130 (78) |
nationwide including invalid |
a mandate |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
bra
|
5 |
16 /18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
088 (44) |
nationwide; not for Sorbs |
a mandate |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
bre
|
4th |
16 /18 |
Proportional representation m. open lists |
open |
05 |
083 (0) |
separately in Bremen and Bremerhaven |
- |
- |
Sainte-Laguë
|
ham
|
5 |
16 /18 |
Proportional representation m. open lists |
open |
10 |
121 (71) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Sainte-Laguë
|
hes
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
110 (55) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
mev
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
071 (36) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
never
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
135 (87) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
d'Hondt
|
nor
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
181 (128) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Sainte-Laguë
|
rhe
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
101 (51) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Sainte-Laguë
|
saa
|
5 |
18/18 |
Proportional representation |
closed |
01 |
051 (0) |
nationwide |
- |
- |
d'Hondt
|
sac
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
120 (60) |
nationwide |
two mandates |
Yes |
d'Hondt
|
san
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
091 (45) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
sch
|
5 |
16 /18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
069 (35) |
nationwide; not for SSW |
a mandate |
Yes |
Sainte-Laguë
|
thu
|
5 |
18/18 |
Personalized proportional representation |
closed |
02 |
088 (44) |
nationwide |
No |
Yes |
Hare / Niemeyer
|
Election results
Strongest and second largest parties in the state parliaments. The color of the country corresponds to the color of the strongest party in the last election, the color of the point of the second strongest (as of January 1, 2020).
CDU
CSU
SPD |
Green
left
AfD |
Last state election results
All results that exceed 1 percent are listed, as well as all results from parties that achieved at least 0.5 percent on a national average or 1 percent in at least four countries. Election results that led to parliamentary entry are in bold.
state
|
last choice
|
CDU / CSU a
|
SPD
|
Green
|
AfD
|
FDP
|
left
|
Free voters / BVB / FW b
|
Pirates
|
POLITICAL PARTY
|
Animal protection party
|
other parties d
|
otherwise.
|
bath
|
2016
|
27.0
|
12.7
|
30.3
|
15.1
|
08.3
|
02.9
|
00.1
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
ALFA 1.0
|
1.9
|
bay
|
2018
|
a37.2 a
|
09.7
|
17.6
|
10.2
|
05.1
|
03.2
|
11.6
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
BP 1.7; ÖDP 1.6
|
1.3
|
ber
|
2016
|
17.6
|
21.6
|
15.2
|
14.2
|
06.7
|
15.6
|
-
|
1.7
|
2.0
|
1.9
|
Gray 1.1
|
2.4
|
bra
|
2019
|
15.6
|
26.2
|
10.8
|
23.5
|
04.1
|
10.7
|
0 b5.0 b
|
0.7
|
-
|
2.6
|
-
|
0.8
|
bre
|
2019
|
26.7
|
24.9
|
17.4
|
06.1
|
05.9
|
11.3
|
01.0
|
1.0
|
1.7
|
-
|
BIW 2.4
|
1.6
|
ham
|
2020 *
|
11.2
|
39.2
|
24.2
|
05.3
|
05.0
|
09.1
|
00.6
|
0.5
|
1.4
|
0.7
|
Volts 1.3
|
1.6
|
hes
|
2018
|
27.0
|
19.8
|
19.8
|
13.1
|
07.5
|
06.3
|
03.0
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
1.0
|
-
|
1.5
|
mev
|
2016
|
19.0
|
30.6
|
04.8
|
20.8
|
03.0
|
13.2
|
00.6
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
NPD 3.0
|
3.3
|
never
|
2017
|
33.6
|
36.9
|
08.7
|
06.2
|
07.5
|
04.6
|
00.3
|
0.2
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
-
|
1.0
|
nor
|
2017 2017
|
33.0
|
31.2
|
06.4
|
07.4
|
12.6
|
04.9
|
00.4
|
1.0
|
0.6
|
-
|
-
|
3.1
|
rhe
|
2016 2016
|
31.8
|
36.2
|
05.3
|
12.6
|
06.2
|
02.8
|
02.3
|
0.8
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2.0
|
saa
|
2017 2017
|
40.7
|
29.6
|
04.0
|
06.2
|
03.3
|
12.8
|
00.4
|
0.7
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
2.3
|
sac
|
2019-09 2019
|
32.1
|
07.7
|
08.6
|
27.5
|
04.5
|
10.4
|
03.4
|
0.3
|
1.6
|
1.5
|
-
|
2.4
|
san
|
2016 2016
|
29.8
|
10.6
|
05.2
|
24.3
|
04.9
|
16.3
|
02.2
|
-
|
0.5
|
1.5
|
NPD 1.9; Animal noise. 1.0
|
2.3
|
sch
|
2017 2017
|
32.0
|
27.3
|
12.9
|
05.9
|
11.5
|
03.8
|
00.6
|
1.2
|
0.6
|
-
|
Week 3.3
|
1.5
|
thu
|
2019-10 2019
|
21.7
|
08.2
|
05.2
|
23.4
|
05.0
|
31.0
|
-
|
-
|
1.1
|
-
|
Animal welfare here 1.1
|
3.2
|
Total c
|
|
e30.2 e
|
22.1
|
13.7
|
12.3
|
07.7
|
06.6
|
0 f2.8 f
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
2.9
|
* Preliminary official final result
b BVB / FW only in Brandenburg
cStatus: March 12, 2020. Proportion as a percentage of the votes received of all valid votes cast in the last 16 elections to state parliaments, citizenships or chambers of representatives; in the case of the two-vote system, the national or second vote of the voter was counted; In Bavaria, both votes are added together for the proportional distribution of seats, the total was divided by two; in Bremen and Hamburg each voter has five votes for the state list, here the number of valid ballot papers was divided proportionally according to the number of votes.
d Other parties with at least 1% in the election.
f Free voters 2.7%, BVB / FW 0.2%
Election dates
The election dates are set by the state parliament or the state interior ministry. There is a predetermined time window for this in regular new elections. For early elections , a resolution by the Landtag, the Landtag President or the Prime Minister to dissolve the Landtag or to end the electoral period early is required. Votes are regularly held on a Sunday; the electoral laws often provide for public holidays as well.
This article or the following section is not adequately provided with
supporting documents (
e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and
including good evidence. "Occasionally criticism ... is expressed." Individual opinion, possibly by the author, by no means encyclopedic.
Criticism of election dates
There is occasional criticism of the number of election dates in Germany and the length of the election periods, as the Bundesrat is also involved to a large extent in shaping federal policy . In the eyes of the critics, frequent elections lead to a permanent election campaign that paralyzes politics. The solution has often been to extend the term of office. There is now a five-year electoral term in all federal states with the exception of Bremen , only there is elections every four years. Another suggestion is to synchronize the election dates of all German states with unscheduled election dates only in the event of a break in the coalition. This would lead to shortened election periods in the countries concerned, which would only last until the next bar . To do this, the constitutional status of the countries would have to be changed. One speaks here of the horizontally simultaneous variant of election termination within a multilevel system, while consecutive elections are currently being made on both levels.
The following countries are currently voting at least approximately at the same time:
- Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt (March of the years divisible by five with the remainder: 2006, 2011, ...)
- Berlin and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (September of the years divisible by five with the remainder: 2006, 2011, ...)
- Bavaria and Hesse (September of the years divisible by five with the remaining three: 2008, 2013, ...)
- Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia (August or September of the years divisible by five with the remaining four: 2009, 2014, ...)
- North Rhine-Westphalia, Saarland and Schleswig-Holstein (spring of the years divisible by five with the remaining two: 2012, 2017, ...)
Statistics of German state parliaments
Current allocation of seats
The following overview lists the number of MPs per parliamentary group or group and the non-attached MPs by party.
Parliament of
|
last choice
|
Total seats (abs. Majority)
|
Government factions
|
CDU
|
SPD
|
Green
|
AfD
|
left
|
FDP
|
CSU
|
Other factions / groups
|
Non-attached
|
next choice *
|
Seats |
%
|
bath
|
2016 |
143 0 (72)
|
090
|
62.2 |
43 |
19th |
47 |
17th |
- |
12 |
- |
- |
5 ( independent )
|
2021
|
bay
|
2018 |
205 (103)
|
112
|
54.6 |
- |
22nd |
38 |
20th |
- |
11 |
85 |
FW 27 |
2 (independent)
|
2023
|
ber
|
2016 |
160 0 (81)
|
092
|
57.5 |
31 |
38 |
27 |
22nd |
27 |
11 |
- |
- |
4 (AfD 2, FDP 1, non-party 1)
|
2021
|
bra
|
2019 |
088 0 (45)
|
050
|
56.8 |
15th |
25th |
10 |
23 |
10 |
- |
- |
BVB / FW 5 |
-
|
2024
|
bre
|
2019 |
084 0 (43)
|
049
|
58.3 |
24 |
23 |
16 |
- |
10 |
05 |
- |
MRF 3 G
|
3 (AfD 2, BIW 1)
|
2023
|
ham
|
2020 |
123 0 (62)
|
087
|
70.7 |
15th |
54 |
33 |
7th |
13 |
- |
- |
- |
1 (FDP)
|
2025
|
hes
|
2018
|
137 0 (69)
|
069
|
50.3 |
40 |
29 |
29 |
18th |
09 |
11 |
- |
- |
1 (AfD)
|
2023
|
mev
|
2016 |
071 0 (36)
|
044
|
59.2 |
18th |
26th |
- |
14th |
11 |
- |
- |
- |
2 (independent)
|
2021
|
never
|
2017 |
137 0 (69)
|
104
|
76.6 |
50 |
54 |
12 |
09 |
- |
11 |
- |
- |
1 (independent)
|
2022
|
nor
|
2017 |
199 (100)
|
100
|
50.3 |
72 |
69 |
14th |
13 |
- |
28 |
- |
- |
3 (independent)
|
2022
|
rhe
|
2016 |
101 0 (51)
|
051
|
50.5 |
35 |
39 |
06th |
12 |
- |
06th |
- |
- |
3 (AfD, FDP, non-party)
|
2021
|
saa
|
2017 |
051 0 (26)
|
041
|
80.4 |
24 |
17th |
- |
02 |
6th |
- |
- |
- |
2 (AfD, left)
|
2022
|
sac
|
2019 |
119 0 (60)
|
067
|
56.3 |
45 |
10 |
12 |
38 |
14th |
- |
- |
- |
-
|
2024
|
san
|
2016 |
087 0 (44)
|
046
|
52.9 |
30th |
11 |
05 |
21st |
16 |
- |
- |
- |
4 (AfD 1, FW 1, independent 2)
|
2021
|
sch
|
2017 |
073 0 (37)
|
044
|
60.3 |
25th |
21st |
10 |
04th |
- |
09 |
- |
Week 3 **
|
1 (independent)
|
2022
|
thu
|
2019 |
090 0 (46)
|
042
|
46.7 |
21st |
08th |
05 |
22nd |
29 |
05 |
- |
- |
-
|
2021
|
total |
000000000001868.00000000001,868 |
|
488
|
465
|
264
|
242
|
145
|
109
|
85
|
38
|
32
|
|
Percentage ownership % |
100.0 |
26.1 |
24.9 |
14.1 |
13.0 |
7.8 |
5.8 |
4.6 |
2.0 |
1.7
|
represented in how many parliaments |
15th |
16 |
14th |
15th |
10 |
10 |
1 |
4th |
13
|
of which in the government |
10 |
11 |
11 |
- |
3 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
-
|
thereof as the Prime Minister's party |
6th |
7th |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
1 |
- |
-
|
The
numbers of seats of the parties with the most seats are written in bold. Parties that are involved in state government are highlighted with a gray background. The party that provides the prime minister is highlighted in dark gray. The
number of seats of the executive government parties are written in italics.
*The year of the scheduled next election is given. The respective election could also take place earlier, for example due to early elections.
Proportion of women
The following list shows the proportions of female members of the state parliament in the individual state parliaments (see development from 2015 ):
See also
literature
Web links
Individual evidence
-
↑ Democracy as the "guiding principle" of German federalism. Federal Agency for Civic Education, accessed on October 7, 2016 .
-
^ Wilko Zicht: The right to vote in state elections. In: Elections, Suffrage and Electoral Systems. October 27, 2019, accessed March 4, 2020 .
-
↑ see: German Bundestag - total of the votes of the federal states (electoral vote account) in the determination of state funds for the year 2016 (PDF; 132 kB); see also source: Complete list of votes in state elections in Germany
-
↑ Landtag-bw.de
-
↑ bayern.landtag.de
-
↑ parlament-berlin.de
-
↑ landtag.brandenburg.de
-
↑ bremische-buergerschaft.de
-
↑ hamburgische-buergerschaft.de
-
↑ hessischer-landtag.de
-
↑ landtag-mv.de
-
↑ landtag-niedersachsen.de
-
↑ landtag.nrw.de
-
↑ landtag.rlp.de
-
↑ landtag-saar.de
-
↑ landtag.sachsen.de
-
↑ landtag.sachsen-anhalt.de
-
↑ landtag.ltsh.de
-
↑ thueringer-landtag.de
-
↑ State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg: | wayback = 20180425120357 | text = State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg, 16th electoral period: age structure and gender of the MPs (as of August 1, 2019)
-
↑ People's Handbook, 18th electoral term
-
↑ kuerschners.com
-
↑ Bremische Bürgerschaft: Statistics for the 20th WP
-
↑ kuerschners.com . Retrieved August 25, 2017.
-
↑ Women's statistics as of January 14, 2019 . Retrieved September 9, 2019.
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↑ Handbook: Der Landtag Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 7th electoral period 2016–2021 (PDF; 4.4 MB), 5th edition June 2019, p. 132.
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↑ http://kuerschners.com/verlag/aktuelles/thema/news/frauenhaben-in-parlamenten.html Retrieved on April 26, 2018.
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↑ wa.de
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↑ landtag.rlp.de
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↑ Landtag printed paper 7/2749
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↑ bento.de
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↑ Der Spiegel A quarter of the women are out . Retrieved January 17, 2020.