Liběšice u Žatce

Liběšice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Ústecký kraj
District :	Louny
Area :	2587.3495 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 18 ' N , 13 ° 37' E Coordinates: 50 ° 17 '38 " N , 13 ° 37' 24" E
Height:	237 m nm
Residents :	742 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	438 01-439 63
License plate :	U
traffic
Street:	Žatec - Tuchořice
Railway connection:	-
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	6th
administration
Mayor :	Petr Valenta (as of 2013)
Address:	Liběšice 89 ; 439 63 Liběšice u Žatce
Municipality number:	566357
Website :	www.libesice-obec.cz
Location of Liběšice in the Louny district

Liběšice ( German Libeschitz , formerly Liebeschitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic. It is located about eight kilometers southeast of Žatec (German Saaz ) and belongs to the Okres Louny in northern Bohemia.

geography

The village is located south of the road from Žatec (Saaz) to Louny (Laun) at the foot of the Džbán or the Dzbanberge with the highest elevation, the Výrov ( Hohe Puck , 509 m). Neighboring towns are Dobříčany in the northwest , Stekník in the north, Dubčany in the northeast, Tuchořice in the southeast, Líčkov in the south, Kluček in the southwest and Stránky in the west. The area is characterized by valuable agricultural soils, on which especially hops are grown.

history

Libeschitz is one of the oldest documented places in the Saaz district . The numerous prehistoric excavations in the vicinity suggest the existence of settlements in prehistoric times. The name of the village is traced back to the old Bohemian name Ljuběša. The place is mentioned for the first time in 1281 in a document in which a witness named Zdislav von Libeschitz is mentioned when the Krima estate was donated to the German Komotau monastery. Around 1359 Johann von Eger, who owned the Litschkau estate, must have had important possessions in Liebeschitz. Towards the end of the 14th century, the gentlemen von Kolditz are named, who had the right to appoint the pastors of Libeschitz.

Since about 1399 the place belonged to Gut Litschkau, which was not owned by Henslin von Schadern. When the Litschkau rule was divided in 1594, Libeschitz remained united with Litschkau under the landlord Dionysius von Hrobschitz. After his death in 1598, the Libeschitz and Dobritschan estates fell to his son Christoph. Since that time Liebeschitz remained permanently until the abolition of feudalism in the reign Dobritschan. Christoph Hrobschitz had a renaissance castle built in Dobrichan, but was expropriated for participating in the class uprising in 1621.

In 1623 the rule of Dobrichan came to Franz Clary de Riva, who had a baroque palace with a baroque garden built. When the patron saint died in 1746, the Dobritschan estate passed by inheritance to another line of the same noble family, the Imperial Count Leopold von Clary and Aldringen , whose heirs owned Dobritschan estate until 1804. The lords of Clary-Aldringen were thus the patron saints until 1804.

In 1823 the Dobritschan estate and with it the office of patronage for the Dobritschan and Liebeschitz churches came to Baron Vinzenz von Zeßner-Spitzenberg. After his death in 1830, his son of the same name came into hereditary possession. In 1879 the patron saint, Baron Vinzenz von Zeßner-Spitzenberg und Weinbergen, died. He was succeeded by his son Heinrich. After his death in 1922, his son Baron Josef von Zeßner-Spitzenberg und Weinbergen was the last patron saint of the Libeschitz parish church. Dobritschan Castle and Estate remained in the possession of the Zeßner-Spitzenberg family until 1945. The brother of the last patron saint, Hans Karl von Zessner-Spitzenberg , was imprisoned in Vienna shortly after the Nazis invaded Austria and died on August 1, 1938 in the Dachau concentration camp.

After the Munich Agreement , the place was added to the German Reich and belonged to the Saaz district until 1945 .

Place of pilgrimage

Parish and pilgrimage church of Liebeschitz

The origin of the pilgrimage place Libeschitz probably goes back to the time around 1750. The exact year is given differently by historians. The cause seems to be related to the great conflagration of 1743, when the whole eastern part of the village with the parish was destroyed by flames.

At that time, an image of Mary from a chapel in Klutschkau - a replica of the Altötting image of grace - was brought to the parish church. This made the Liebeschitz Church the destination of many devout pilgrims. Then a pilgrimage festival was organized for the feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary . Most of the pilgrims came from the local area, pilgrimage and customs persisted for centuries.

After the Sudetenland was annexed to the German Reich in 1938, the National Socialist regime tried to prevent the pilgrimage. The last pilgrims came to the Libeschitz church in 1944. In July 1994, on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the pilgrimage tradition in Liebeschitz, a pilgrimage of former residents to Liebeschitz took place for the first time. The solemn mass was organized by Abbot Bernhard Thebes of the Cistercian monastery in Ossegg and the parish priest, Father Saller.

The pilgrimage to the church in Libeschitz was never officially recognized by the Roman Catholic Church. Only with a decree of the Leitmeritz bishop Josef Koukl from 2003 was the pilgrimage church recognized as such from January 1, 2004. In recent years, pilgrimages have always taken place on the Sunday after the Visitation of the Virgin Mary .

Community structure

The community Liběšice consists of the districts Dobříčany ( Dobrichan ), Dubčany ( Dübschan ), Kluček ( Klutschkau ), Lhota ( Wellhütten ), Liběšice ( Libeschitz ) and Líčkov ( Litschkau ), which also form cadastral districts.

Parish

The parish church in Libeschitz already existed in the 14th century. A parish church "Zum Hl. Kreuz" is named in 1384 and under the Lords of Kolditz around 1350 a church "Zum Hl. Jakobus". After the Hussite Wars , Libeschitz was Utraquist and later Protestant . In 1595 Paul Klementis is mentioned as a pastor. The oldest registers of the Libeschitz parish begin with the year 1644.

In the memorabilia book (memorial book) the pastors of Liebeschitz are named.

Andreas Rana (1644)
Franz Karl Nettwigius von Edelstein (1645)
Michael Adalbert Paternus (1649)
Johannes Ludovicus Angularis (1658)
Nikolaus Ignatius Paternus (1660)
Franz Karl Unger (1705–1715), during his time the old parish was built, he died of the plague and was buried in the Liebeschitz plague cemetery
Georg Josef Saar (1716–1724)
Daniel Kruba (1725-1728)
Jakob Patek (1728–1738)
Jakob Kletschka (1739–1761), during his time after the fire of 1743 a new parish was built and an image of Mary was brought to the parish church
Maximilian Kreuzberger (Kreützberger) (1761–1808), in his time (1784) the Saaz district (and thus Liebeschitz) came from the Archdiocese of Prague to the Leitmeritz diocese .
Karl Klee (1808-1837)
Wenzel Richter (1838–1843)
Dean Anton Lehmann (1844–1869)
Dean Franz Urban (1870-1893), during his time in 1875 the chaplain apartment was added to the parish
Dechant Josef Lukas (1894–1914), the last pastor who still tended the parish fields himself as a farmer, founded the Raiffeisenkasse
Dr. Johann Puhl (1916–1928), died on December 5, 1928, after being hit by a car on the way back from Saaz and having a fatal accident
Franz Storch (1929 to September 17, 1946, † 1968), last German pastor (dean) von Liebeschitz.

The other pastors from 1946:

Karl Kunze (1946)
Antonín Janča (from October 1, 1946 to 1951)
Josef Just (1952–1963)
Ignác Stodůlka (1963–1964)
František Kolář (1964–1969)
RD Jiří Kabát (Administrator) (1969–1977)
Father Jaroslav Saller, CSsR (Administrator) (1978–1997)
D. Ivan Marek Záleha, O.Praem . (Administrator) (1999-2001)
D. Mgr. Vilém Marek Štěpán, O. Praem. (Administrator) (since 2001)

Today the Liběšice parish has a large catchment area with ten parishes and around 40 parishes in Čárka / Zarch, Deštnice / Teschnitz, Dobiřičany / Dobritschan, Dolejši Hůrky / Horka, Domoušice / Domauschitz, Drahomyšl / Filipovschan, Drahomischl, Dubipčany o / Dubipovschan. Philippsthal, Holedeč / Great Holletitz, Holedeček / small Holletitz, Hořetice / Horatitz, Hradiště / Hraidisch, Hřivice / Hriwic, Klucek / Klutschkau, Konětopy / Konetop, Lhota / well huts, Lhota pod Džbánem / Welhotten, Libešovice / Lischwitz, Libořice / Liboritz, Ličkov / Litschkau, Lišany / Lischan, Markvarec / Markwarec, Měcholupy / Michelob, Nečemice / Netschenitz, Pnětluky / Netluk, Sádek / Satkau, Siřem / Zürau, Solopysky / Solopisk, Steknik / Stecknitz, Stránowitzky, Steknik / Stronitzerk, Straupitz, Trnovany / Trnowan, Třeskonice / Tscheskonitz, Tuchořice / Tuchorschitz, Veletice / Welletitz, Želeč / Seltsch, Želežná / Schelesen and Žiželice / Schießelitz.

Attractions

Parish Church of St. Martin

Parish and pilgrimage church in Libeschitz

Altar of the pilgrimage church in Libeschitz

The oldest Gothic part of the church, which dates from the 14th century, is the nave (presbytery) facing east, illuminated by five pointed arched windows. Opposite on the west side was the old entrance to the church until the baroque renovation. The new entrance portal and the south-facing extension were not built until the middle of the 18th century. The pilgrimage chapel and access to the crypt chapel are located in this extension. The tower was added from 1750 and was completed in its current form in 1832.

The high altar is in the Gothic nave and, like the other altars and the pulpit, dates from the Baroque period, the time after the great fire, and was built in 1744. It's a simple carving job. The altarpiece, which shows the church patron St. Martin dividing the mantle, was painted by the brother of the patron saint at the time, Baron August Zeßner von Spitzenberg, and donated to the church in 1872. The pulpit, decorated with carvings and the busts of the four evangelists, was erected in 1744. In the south wing opposite the main entrance is the Marian altar with the miraculous image, to the right of the altar a door leads into the crypt chapel vaulted with a round arch.

The baptismal font made of brown marble next to the Johannes altar is a gift from the patron saint, Baron Zeßner von Spitzenberg . The side altars are dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk, St. Barbara and St. Joseph. The last-mentioned altar, which was erected over the Holy Grave, which was newly erected in 1883, is also adorned with a picture of St. Joseph, painted by Baron August Zeßner-Spitzenberg and donated to the church. The organ has two keyboards and 12 stops; it was built in 1802 at the time of Pastor Maximilian Kreuzberger.

The crypt chapel of the patronage families in the Libeschitz church

The crypt chapel of the patron saints of the church is located in the south wing next to the Marien Altar. The patron saints administered an office that only granted them the right to regulate building work and the maintenance of church offices. The south wing with the crypt chapel was built after the great fire disaster of 1743. At that time, the noble family of Clary de Riva owned the Dobrichan dominion and thus the patronage office. The following people are buried in the crypt chapel:

Count Leopold von Clary († 1800 Vienna), Minister of State under Emperor Franz II and his wife Walburga († 1795)
Baron Vinzenz Zeßner, Freiherr von Spitzenberg († 1830); his son, Baron Vinzenz Zeßner-Spitzenberg († 1879) and his wife Theresia, née Countess von Buquoy († 1869).

In 1892, a Madonna of Lourdes, carved in Oberammergau, was inaugurated in the grotto below the tower. The tomb of Thaddäus Andrée († 1824) from Litschkau is located on the southern outer wall of the Marienkapelle.

At the crossroads in front of the church there was a monument to Emperor Joseph II until 1923. The statue of the emperor had to be put under the "Law for the Protection of the Republic of March 19, 1923" (Zákon na ochranu republiky č. 50/1923, § 26) removed. A plow was then placed on the base of the monument and the monument was dedicated to the peasant liberator Hans Kudlich from Úvalno .

Further

Líčkov Castle , with a permanent exhibition by the painter Oskar Brázda
Dobříčany Castle, the baroque castle built from a fortress for Christoph von Hrobschitz in 1620 is in a ruinous state
Former synagogue
Former Dubčany chalk pit with fossil inclusions