List of critical temperatures of chemical elements
The list of transition temperatures of chemical elements names the transition temperatures , i.e. the transition temperatures to the superconducting state of chemical elements . Not all elements have such a transition temperature, and in some elements the transition temperature is only reached under certain conditions, such as high pressure or when the element is present as a thin film. The transition temperatures, which are also referred to as transition temperatures, for achieving superfluidity , which can be observed, among other things, with the helium isotopes 3 He and 4 He , are not included in this list .
Overview in the periodic table
| H | Hey | |||||||||||||||||
| Li | Be | B. | C. | N | O | F. | No | |||||||||||
| N / A | Mg | Al | Si | P | S. | Cl | Ar | |||||||||||
| K | Approx | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | |
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mon | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | CD | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I. | Xe | |
| Cs | Ba | * | Hf | Ta | W. | re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Ed | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Marg | |
| Fr. | Ra | ** | Rf | Db | Sg | Bra | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Above | |
| ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||
| * | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | He | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| ** | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pooh | At the | Cm | Bk | Cf | It | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
- Legend for the periodic table
| ___ | with transition temperature (solids, normal pressure) |
| ___ | with transition temperature under special conditions |
| ___ | without transition temperature |
| ___ | unknown |
Transition temperatures
| element | sym bol |
Transition temperature in Kelvin | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solid normal pressure |
special note 1 conditions |
||
| lithium | Li | 20 (50 GPa) | |
| beryllium | Be | 0.026 | 9.5 (movie) |
| boron | B. | 11.2 (250 GPa) | |
| carbon | C. | 15 (nanotubes) | |
| oxygen | O | 0.6 (120 GPa) | |
| aluminum | Al | 1.18 | 3.6 (movie) |
| Silicon | Si | 8.5 (12 GPa) | |
| phosphorus | P | 18 (30 GPa) | |
| sulfur | S. | 17 (160 GPa) | |
| Calcium | Approx | 15 (150 GPa) | |
| Scandium | Sc | 0.34 (21 GPa) | |
| titanium | Ti | 0.5 | |
| Vanadium | V | 5.4 | 17.2 (120 GPa) |
| chrome | Cr | 3 (film) | |
| iron | Fe | 2 (21 GPa) | |
| zinc | Zn | 0.85 | 1.6 (movie) |
| gallium | Ga | 1.08 | 8.6 (movie) |
| Germanium | Ge | 5.4 (11.5 GPa) | |
| arsenic | As | 2.7 (24 GPa) | |
| selenium | Se | 7 (13 GPa) | |
| bromine | Br | 1.4 (150 GPa) | |
| strontium | Sr | 4 (50 GPa) | |
| yttrium | Y | 2.8 (15 GPa) | |
| Zirconium | Zr | 0.6 | 11 (30 GPa) |
| niobium | Nb | 9.25 | 9.7 (4.5 GPa) |
| molybdenum | Mon | 0.92 | |
| Technetium | Tc | 8.2 | |
| Ruthenium | Ru | 0.5 | |
| Rhodium | Rh | 0.000035 | |
| palladium | Pd | 3.2 (irradiated) | |
| cadmium | CD | 0.52 | |
| Indium | In | 3.4 | 4.2 (movie) |
| tin | Sn | 3.7 | 4.7 (movie) |
| antimony | Sb | 3.6 (8.5 GPa) | |
| Tellurium | Te | 7.4 (35 GPa) | |
| Iodine | I. | 1.2 (25 GPa) | |
| Cesium | Cs | 1.66 (8 GPa) | |
| barium | Ba | 5 (20 GPa) | |
| Lanthanum | La | 6th | 12.8 (20 GPa) |
| cerium | Ce | 1.75 (50 GPa) | |
| lutetium | Lu | 0.1 | 1.2 (18 GPa) |
| hafnium | Hf | 0.38 | |
| Tantalum | Ta | 4.4 | 4.5 (40 GPa) |
| tungsten | W. | 0.01 | 5.5 (film) |
| rhenium | re | 1.7 | |
| osmium | Os | 0.7 | |
| iridium | Ir | 0.1 | |
| mercury | Ed | 4.15 | |
| Thallium | Tl | 2.4 | |
| lead | Pb | 7.2 | |
| Bismuth | Bi | 8.7 (9 GPa) | |
| Thorium | Th | 1.4 | |
| Protactinium | Pa | 1.4 | |
| uranium | U | 1.3 | 2.2 (1 GPa) |
| Americium | At the | 1 | |
Note 1
- Transition temperature under conditions: transition temperature under special conditions, which are listed in brackets
- High pressure measurements, unit is GPa in each case
- Film: Measurements in which the material is present as a thin film
- Nanotubes: carbon nanotubes
- irradiated: measurement took place after irradiation with He + ions
literature
- Christina Buzea, Kevin Robbie: Assembling the puzzle of superconducting elements: a review. In: Superconductor Science and Technology. 18, 2005, pp. R1-R8, doi : 10.1088 / 0953-2048 / 18/1 / R01 .