List of critical temperatures of chemical elements
The list of transition temperatures of chemical elements names the transition temperatures , i.e. the transition temperatures to the superconducting state of chemical elements . Not all elements have such a transition temperature, and in some elements the transition temperature is only reached under certain conditions, such as high pressure or when the element is present as a thin film. The transition temperatures, which are also referred to as transition temperatures, for achieving superfluidity , which can be observed, among other things, with the helium isotopes 3 He and 4 He , are not included in this list .
Overview in the periodic table
H | Hey | |||||||||||||||||
Li | Be | B. | C. | N | O | F. | No | |||||||||||
N / A | Mg | Al | Si | P | S. | Cl | Ar | |||||||||||
K | Approx | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | |
Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mon | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | CD | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I. | Xe | |
Cs | Ba | * | Hf | Ta | W. | re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Ed | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Marg | |
Fr. | Ra | ** | Rf | Db | Sg | Bra | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Above | |
↓ | ||||||||||||||||||
* | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | He | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
** | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pooh | At the | Cm | Bk | Cf | It | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
- Legend for the periodic table
___ | with transition temperature (solids, normal pressure) |
___ | with transition temperature under special conditions |
___ | without transition temperature |
___ | unknown |
Transition temperatures
element | sym bol |
Transition temperature in Kelvin | |
---|---|---|---|
Solid normal pressure |
special note 1 conditions |
||
lithium | Li | 20 | (50 GPa)|
beryllium | Be | 0.026 | 9.5 (movie) |
boron | B. | 11.2 | (250 GPa)|
carbon | C. | 15 | (nanotubes)|
oxygen | O | 0.6 (120 GPa) | |
aluminum | Al | 1.18 | 3.6 (movie) |
Silicon | Si | 8.5 (12 GPa) | |
phosphorus | P | 18 | (30 GPa)|
sulfur | S. | 17 | (160 GPa)|
Calcium | Approx | 15 | (150 GPa)|
Scandium | Sc | 0.34 (21 GPa) | |
titanium | Ti | 0.5 | |
Vanadium | V | 5.4 | 17.2 | (120 GPa)
chrome | Cr | 3 (film) | |
iron | Fe | 2 (21 GPa) | |
zinc | Zn | 0.85 | 1.6 (movie) |
gallium | Ga | 1.08 | 8.6 (movie) |
Germanium | Ge | 5.4 (11.5 GPa) | |
arsenic | As | 2.7 (24 GPa) | |
selenium | Se | 7 (13 GPa) | |
bromine | Br | 1.4 (150 GPa) | |
strontium | Sr | 4 (50 GPa) | |
yttrium | Y | 2.8 (15 GPa) | |
Zirconium | Zr | 0.6 | 11 | (30 GPa)
niobium | Nb | 9.25 | 9.7 (4.5 GPa) |
molybdenum | Mon | 0.92 | |
Technetium | Tc | 8.2 | |
Ruthenium | Ru | 0.5 | |
Rhodium | Rh | 0.000035 | |
palladium | Pd | 3.2 (irradiated) | |
cadmium | CD | 0.52 | |
Indium | In | 3.4 | 4.2 (movie) |
tin | Sn | 3.7 | 4.7 (movie) |
antimony | Sb | 3.6 (8.5 GPa) | |
Tellurium | Te | 7.4 (35 GPa) | |
Iodine | I. | 1.2 (25 GPa) | |
Cesium | Cs | 1.66 (8 GPa) | |
barium | Ba | 5 (20 GPa) | |
Lanthanum | La | 6th | 12.8 | (20 GPa)
cerium | Ce | 1.75 (50 GPa) | |
lutetium | Lu | 0.1 | 1.2 (18 GPa) |
hafnium | Hf | 0.38 | |
Tantalum | Ta | 4.4 | 4.5 (40 GPa) |
tungsten | W. | 0.01 | 5.5 (film) |
rhenium | re | 1.7 | |
osmium | Os | 0.7 | |
iridium | Ir | 0.1 | |
mercury | Ed | 4.15 | |
Thallium | Tl | 2.4 | |
lead | Pb | 7.2 | |
Bismuth | Bi | 8.7 (9 GPa) | |
Thorium | Th | 1.4 | |
Protactinium | Pa | 1.4 | |
uranium | U | 1.3 | 2.2 (1 GPa) |
Americium | At the | 1 |
Note 1
- Transition temperature under conditions: transition temperature under special conditions, which are listed in brackets
- High pressure measurements, unit is GPa in each case
- Film: Measurements in which the material is present as a thin film
- Nanotubes: carbon nanotubes
- irradiated: measurement took place after irradiation with He + ions
literature
- Christina Buzea, Kevin Robbie: Assembling the puzzle of superconducting elements: a review. In: Superconductor Science and Technology. 18, 2005, pp. R1-R8, doi : 10.1088 / 0953-2048 / 18/1 / R01 .