Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft

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Signet of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft, 1926

The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft mbH (RRG) was founded on May 15, 1925 in Berlin as the umbrella organization of the regional broadcasting companies in Germany and existed until its liquidation after the Second World War .

prehistory

The first regular voice radio service in Germany was the business broadcast on long wave launched on September 1, 1922 by Ernst Ludwig Voss (Foreign Office) . In coordination with Hans Bredow ( Reichspost ), Voss subsequently tried to find private investors to found regional companies that were supposed to organize broadcasting for the general public (“entertainment broadcasting”). This is how nine regional broadcasting companies were founded, which gradually began operations:

No. Surname Seat Establishment date Main stakeholders Start of transmission
1 Funk hour AG Berlin Dec 10, 1923 Vox record and speaking machines AG Oct. 29, 1923
(400 m , 250 W )
2 Nordic Broadcasting Corporation (Norag) Hamburg Jan. 16, 1924 Friedrich Julius Christian Blonck (grain trade), Peter Kruse (banker) 0May 2, 1924
(395 m, 700 W)
3 Ostmarken Rundfunk AG (Orag) Koenigsberg 0Jan. 2, 1924 initially: Walter Zabel (electrical trade); then: Messeamt ​​of the city of Königsberg June 14, 1924
(463 m, 500 W)
4th Südwestdeutsche Rundfunk AG (SWR / Süwrag) Frankfurt am Main 0December 7, 1923 Carl Adolf Schleussner ( Photo Industry ) 0April 1, 1924
(470 m, 1500 W)
5 Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (Wefag), 1927: Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (Werag) Münster , only 1927: Cologne Sep 15 1924 Richard Tormin (City of Münster), 7 chambers of industry and commerce Oct 10, 1924
(407 m, 700 W)
6th Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (Sürag) Stuttgart 03rd Mar 1924 Theodor Wanner ; 33 shareholders May 11, 1924
(437 m, 250 W)
7th German hour in Bavaria GmbH Munich Sep 18 1922 Deutsche Bank Munich, various industrial and trading companies 30th Mar 1924
(485 m, 250 W)
8th Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (Mirag) Leipzig Jan. 22, 1924 Exhibition Office of the City of Leipzig , Edgar Herfurth (press publisher) 02nd Mar 1924
(452 m?)
9 Schlesische Funkstunde AG Wroclaw 0Apr 4, 1924 Otto Lummer (physics professor) and 4 others May 26, 1924
(416 m?)

In principle, all companies had to surrender 51% of their shares and three supervisory board positions to the Reich Ministry of Post, represented by Heinrich Giesecke , to the Reich Ministry of the Interior, represented by Ernst Heilmann ( Dradag ), and to the German hour , represented by Voss. This was financed initially by 60% of the license fee revenue in those Oberpostdirektion areas for which they made program (from 1930, the proportion which the Post led away, below 50%, the fee for radio reception was from 1 April 1924 to 31 December 1969 (West Germany) or until October 2, 1990 (East Germany) 2 Marks per month).

There was only an umbrella organization in the form of the Reich Radio Association .

Broadcasting regulations of 1925 and 1932

Live recording of the Reichsrundfunk on a 12-inch Decelith disc

As part of the approval of broadcasting operations, the broadcasting regulations of 1925 , in addition to the establishment of monitoring committees and cultural advisory boards with the participation of the federal states, provided for the broadcasting companies to set up the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft as an umbrella organization (the company Deutsche Reichspost -DRP- in February 1926 51 % of the shares received) and also transferred 51% of their own shares to the Reichspost, whereby the RRG should exercise the voting rights as trustee of the DRP.

On May 5, 1925, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft mbH, based in Berlin, was founded by the five companies in Leipzig, Hamburg, Breslau, Frankfurt and Königsberg; the companies in Berlin, Munster and Stuttgart also joined after sometimes lengthy negotiations, while Munich did not join until 1931 due to financial bottlenecks. On March 1, 1926, the RRG had an average of 53.3% of the votes in its affiliated broadcasting companies. If one also takes into account the shares of the state governments and Dradag, the state influence in the societies was 62.1% and rose to 75.5% by 1929.

The managing directors of the RRG were Kurt Magnus and Heinrich Giesecke, chairman of the administrative board Hans Bredow, who resigned from the postal service for this purpose and was now entitled "Broadcasting Commissioner of the Reich Postal Minister". The number of RRG employees rose from 20 in 1926 to 206 at the end of 1931.

The statutory task of the RRG was the "central management" (in particular organizational and economic control) of the affiliated broadcasting companies, according to the requirements of the Reichspost. From 1932 onwards, the shares of the Reichspost fee revenue due to the broadcasting companies were distributed via the RRG as the central allocation point.

The RRG's own radio transmission operation was excluded by its statutes, but the RRG acquired Deutsche Welle GmbH from Voss in 1925 , and the radio service formally supported by this GmbH and opened on January 7, 1926 via the long wave Königs Wusterhausen , actually developed into one RRG's own program. In the beginning it was partly a result of takeovers from the broadcasting companies (especially Funk-Hour Berlin) and partly of its own educational program (“lecture service”), but it soon became a nationwide full program under the name “Deutschlandsender”. From June 15, 1932, there was also an “hour of the Reich government”, which was broadcast by all German broadcasters. In addition to the long wave, the " World Broadcasting - Shortwave Transmitter " , which was also opened in Zeesen on August 26, 1929, also appeared .

The Dradag , a foundation from the area of ​​the Reich Ministry of the Interior, with the participation of the Reich Association of the German Press , the news agencies WTB and TU (which themselves have been organizing press radio on long wave since 1924) and the Berlin publishers Mosse and Scherl, became the “news center of German radio “(Editor-in-Chief 1926–32: ​​Josef Räuscher). Political control of broadcasting lay with the Reich Ministry of the Interior and the federal states.

Technically, the time was shaped by the establishment of additional secondary stations, studios and high-performance major stations:

No. society Broadcast house Intendant 1930 Large transmitters with power in kW Sub / intermediate channels Studios The End
1 Funk hour AG Berlin, Haus des Rundfunks , Masurenallee 8-14 Hans Flesch December 20, 1933
Berlin 100
Stettin Jan. 1926 (until Dec. 1928 with studio), Magdeburg Dec. 1928, East Berlin Jan. 1929 (Jan. 1929 to Jan. 1934 first single-frequency network ) Apr. 24, 1945
2 Nordic Broadcasting Corporation (Norag) Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 132-134 Hans Bodenstedt Jan 15, 1934
Hamburg 100
Bremen Nov. 1924, Hanover Dec. 1924, Kiel March 1926, Flensburg Dec. 1928 Schwerin May 13, 1945 ( Flensburg )
3 Ostmarken Rundfunk AG (Orag) Königsberg, Hansaring 21–25 (today: Prospect Mira 1) Joseph Christean Dec. 15, 1930
Heilsberg 60
Koenigsberg ; indirect: Danzig 1926 Blown up on Jan. 31, 1945
4th Südwestdeutsche Rundfunk AG (SWR / Süwrag) Frankfurt, Eschersheimer Landstr. 33 Wilhelm Schüller October 28, 1932
Frankfurt 15
Kassel Jan. 1925, Trier 1932 (with studio until 1936) Mainz 25th Mar 1945 (Bad Nauheim)
5 Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (Werag) Cologne, Dagobertstr. 38 Ernst Hardt Jan 15, 1927
Langenberg 40 (1931: 60)
Muenster; Cologne , Aachen March 1928 (April 1930 to March 1932 second single-frequency network) Dortmund, Elberfeld (each secondary transmitter Sept. 1925 to Jan. 1927) Blown up April 12, 1945
6th Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (Sürag) Stuttgart, Old Orphanage , Charlottenplatz 1 Alfred Bofinger Nov. 21, 1930
Mühlacker 60
Stuttgart ; Freiburg Nov. 1926 (assigned to Frankfurt 1933–39) Karlsruhe, Mannheim 0Blown up April 5, 1945
7th Bayerische Rundfunk GmbH Munich, Rundfunkplatz 1 Kurt von Boeckmann 0December 3, 1932
Munich 60
Nuremberg, August 1924; Intermediate station without studio: Augsburg Sept. 1927, Kaiserslautern Feb. 1928 (1934 in Frankfurt, 1936 in Saarbrücken) Apr. 29, 1945
8th Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (Mirag) Leipzig, market 8 Ludwig Neubeck October 28, 1932
Leipzig 120
Dresden, February 1925 Chemnitz, Erfurt, Weimar; Dessau, Eisenach, Gera, Halle, Jena, Sondershausen  March 1945
9 Schlesische Funkstunde AG Breslau, Julius-Schottländer-Str. 8 (today: Aleja Karkonoska) Fritz Walter Bischoff 27 Aug 1932
Breslau 60
Gliwice Nov 1925 0Dismantled February 7, 1945
10 Deutsche Welle GmbH (German broadcaster) Berlin, Haus des Rundfunks , Masurenallee 8-14 Johann Georg Hermann Schubotz December 20, 1927
Zeesen 24 (1930: 32; 1932: 60)
April 21, 1945 ( Herzberg )

In 1927, the broadcasting companies' programs consisted of 39% music, 35% news and information (“general part”), 16% lecture service and 10% literature.

In 1931, RRG, together with Deutscher Welle and Funk-Stunden, moved into the new broadcasting house in Ostpreußen- / Masurenallee .

The broadcasting regulations of 1932 went back to Erich Scholz (Reich Ministry of the Interior) and determined the conversion of broadcasting companies from stock corporations with private minority owners (which were only of some importance in Frankfurt and Hamburg anyway) to purely state-owned companies with limited liability (51% Post, 49% states; these were: in Berlin , Cologne , Breslau and Königsberg alone Prussia, in Hamburg Prussia, Hamburg, Bremen and Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Leipzig Saxony, Prussia and Thuringia, in Frankfurt Prussia and Hesse, in Stuttgart Württemberg and Baden and in Munich only Bavaria).

The Dradag became a department of the RRG as Der Drahtlose Dienst (DDD) with Hans Fritzsche as editor-in-chief.

The RRG 1933–1945

With the National Socialist upheaval , the regional companies became branches of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft. This strengthening of the RRG was followed by extensive disempowerment after the start of the war.

Initially, the broadcasting competencies were transferred from the Reich Ministry of Post and Interior to the newly established Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda . From April 1, 1933, there was a uniform “Hour of the Nation” several times a week in the evening across all German broadcasters. The broadcasting companies ceded their RRG shares to the new ministry on July 8, 1933. The federal states transferred their holdings in the broadcasting companies to the RRG. The regional broadcasting companies were then liquidated, mostly in the course of 1934 (Leipzig 1935, Munich 1937). From April 1, 1934, the previous names were standardized according to the Reichssender (headquarters) scheme . Most of the license fee went to the Propaganda Ministry, while the post office and the RRG only received "severance payments", so that the RRG's share of the 2 RM license fee rose from 65 pfennigs (32.5%) in 1933/34 to 38 pfennigs (19. 1%) fell in 1939/40. Radio advertising , which had existed since 1924, was banned in 1935/36.

Map of the main and secondary stations 1937 with frequencies

Broadcasting Commissioner Bredow had submitted his resignation on January 30, 1933, RRG managing director Magnus did the same on April 3. The directors Eugen Hadamovsky ("Reichssendeleiter", program design), Hermann Voss (administration) and Claus Hubmann (technology) took his and Gieseckes place in the RRG ; Walther Funk (1933–38) was the new chairman of the board . In November 1934 the "Reichs-Rundfunk-Trial" began, an 89-day show trial initiated by Eugen Hadamovsky against some of the leaders of the "Systemrundfunk". Bredow and Flesch's conviction by the Berlin Regional Court for participating in party betrayals was overturned by the Reich Court in February 1937, and the proceedings before the Berlin Regional Court were then discontinued in March 1938.

Also at the top of the individual broadcasting companies there were immediate personnel changes (exception Stuttgart: Bofinger), in Berlin even before the so-called “seizure of power” (Kolb). Von Boeckmann moved from Munich to the German shortwave transmitter , which with him was given his own artistic director and had just started his regular foreign service on April 1, 1933; its number of employees rose from 7 in 1933 to 242 in March 1938.

The establishment of the three broadcasting groups West (Frankfurt, Cologne, Stuttgart), North (Hamburg, Berlin, Königsberg) and Southeast (Munich, Leipzig, Breslau) at the end of 1933 / beginning of 1934 remained an episode.

While music records were originally made available to the radio by the manufacturers free of charge with a view to their advertising effect, an agreement was no longer reached in 1933, and the RRG lost a trial brought by the record industry before the Reichsgericht in 1936.

Via the Paul Nipkow television station in Berlin-Witzleben , the German television broadcasting company began operations in the spring of 1935 ; Hans-Jürgen Nierentz became the first director two years later (number of employees: 32). For the 1936 Olympics, eight hours of programming were played a day, but the reception facilities were limited to 25 television rooms in Berlin, one in Potsdam and two in Leipzig.

The Reichsrundfunkkammer (1933–39; President: Horst Dreßler-Andreß ), as part of the Reich Chamber of Culture, made a contribution to the " synchronization " of cultural life by covering all persons who work in industry and trade in the radio industry, in the listeners' associations or publishers of radio magazines were. From 1935 the employees of the RRG were also part of it.

In March 1937 Heinrich Glasmeier von Goebbels was appointed "Reichsintendent of German Broadcasting and General Director of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft".

Subsequently, after the incorporation of the Saar area in 1935, the Reichsender Saarbrücken , after the " Anschluss of Austria " in 1938, the Reichsender Wien , after the establishment of the Protectorate in 1939, the Reichsender Böhmen and with the start of the war the Reichsender Danzig, so that by the end of 1939 there were thirteen Reichsender for domestic coverage (with secondary transmitters) and the 500 kW strong Germany transmitter III . From 1939 onwards the term “ Großdeutscher Rundfunk ” was used for broadcasting. In the further course of the war, the RRG was expanded to include the transmitter Luxembourg ( Junglinster ) and the transmitter groups Gouvernement (Lodsch), Ostland (Riga) and Ukraine (Kiev). The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft had been located in the Upper Austrian Abbey of St. Florian since 1941 , where Anton Bruckner had worked in the 19th century . Rudolf Schulz-Dornburg acted as music officer and was supposed to set up a Bruckner transmitter here in the final phase of the war .

No. Channel Main freq.
in kHz
ladder new (secondary) channels
1 Germany broadcaster 191 1933– Goetz Otto Stoffregen
2 Reichsender Berlin 841 1933 Richard Kolb , 1933–34 Friedrich Arenhövel , 1934–37 Walther Beumelburg, 1937– Goetz Otto Stoffregen Poznan 1939
3 Reichsender Hamburg 904 1933–45 Gustav Grupe Stolp 1938 (1933/34 Gleichwelle H-FL-HB-MD-Stettin)
4th Reichsender Königsberg 1031 1933–35 Siegfried Haenicke , 1938? –45 Alfred Lau Memel 1939
5 Reichsender Frankfurt 1195 1933–34 Walther Beumelburg, 1934–38 Hanns-Otto Fricke, 1938–41 Paul Lambert Werber; Ludwig Fries Koblenz 1935 (1933/35 single wave F-TR-KS-FR-KL-KO)
6th Reich broadcaster Cologne 658 1933–37 Heinrich Glasmeier , 1937–41 Toni Winkelnkemper ; Martin Rockenbach
7th Reichsender Stuttgart 574 1924–45 Alfred Bofinger Bregenz , Freiburg 1939 (single wave)
8th Reichsender Munich 740 1933 Richard Kolb, 1934–45 Hellmuth Habersbrunner Augsburg, Bayreuth (studios); Innsbruck , Salzburg (single wave)
9 Reichsender Leipzig 785 1933–45 Carl Stueber
10 Reich broadcaster Breslau 950 1933–34 Hans Roeseler, 1934–37 Hans Kriegler, 1937–38 Karl Gunzer, 1938–45 Hanns-Otto Fricke Görlitz 1937, Troppau 1938, Kattowitz 1939 (single wave)
11 Reichsender Saarbrücken 1249 1935–38 Adolf Raskin , 1938–45 Karl Mages Kaiserslautern (from 1936)
12 Imperial broadcaster Vienna 592 1938 Franz Pesendorfer, Adolf Raskin, Karl Gunzer, Karl Mages, 1941–45 Franz Huber Linz , Graz, Klagenfurt
13 Reich broadcaster Bohemia 1113 1939–41 Hans-Günther Marek, 1942–45 Ferdinand Thürmer (broadcasting group Bohemia-Moravia) Prague, Brno, Moravian-Ostrava
14th Reich broadcaster Danzig 1303 1939 Wolfgang Diewerge , 1939–41 Carl-Heinz Boese , 1942– Harry Moss Thorn
15th Channel Luxembourg 232 1940 Friedrich Castelle, 1942 Albert Perizonius
16 Broadcasting group governorate 224 1940– Hans-Otto Fricke (Breslau) Lodsch, Krakow, Warsaw; Lviv
17th Ostland broadcasting group 1258 1941– Hans Kriegler Reval, Dorpat, Turgel; Modohn, Goldingen, Libau; Chewing, Vilnius; Minsk, Baranowitschi; Smolensk
18th Channel group Ukraine 832/977 1941– Heinz Freiberger Vinnitsa, Zhitomir
19th European transmitter LW , MW 1941–45 Toni Winkelnkemper LW: Allouis , Friesland (Hilversum / Kootwijk), Luxembourg , Minsk, Oslo, Vistula (Lodsch / Bremen 2); MW: Alps ( Graz-Dobl ), Bordeaux, Bremen ( Norden-Osterloog ), Calais, Danube ( Dobrochau ), Paris-Argenteuil, Prague, Rennes-Thourie
20th Overseas channels KW 1933–40 Kurt von Boeckmann , 1940 Adolf Raskin, 1941–45 Toni Winkelnkemper u. a. Munich-Ismaning , Oebisfelde , Elmshorn ; Podiebrad , Huizen (PCJ) / Kootwijk (PCV), Allouis ; Kiev
21st Secret transmitter "Concordia" KW 1940– Erich Hetzler
22nd German television broadcasting VHF 1935–37 Carl Boese , 1937–39 Hans-Jürgen Nierentz , 1939– Herbert Engler

The program offered by the "Großdeutschen Rundfunks", however, became smaller and smaller due to the war: from June 1940 ( Western campaign ) there were essentially only two programs, the Reich program on the Reich broadcasters (with few regional windows in the morning) and the program from the Deutschlandsender . In 1942 the Reich broadcasters in Cologne, Saarbrücken, Stuttgart and Leipzig completely stopped their program delivery.

The program management passed more and more from the RRG to the Propaganda Ministry (head of the radio department: 1931 Dreßler-Andreß , 1937 Kriegler, 1939 Berndt , 1940 Hadamovsky , 1941 Diewerge , 1942 Fritzsche , who was also responsible for the political-propagandistic broadcasts, while Hans Hinkel was responsible for the entertaining and artistic programs ). The Wehrmacht was also involved ( Wehrmacht report of the OKW , front reports of the propaganda companies as forms of war reporting ; comradeship service, request concert for the Wehrmacht , Christmas ring broadcast , "hour for our soldiers" as forms of troop support ).

Foreign service

In contrast, the international service (" Germany Calling ") recorded an increase . In 1940, a foreign directorate was set up in the RRG under Adolf Raskin , then Toni Winkelnkemper , consisting of the four organizational units “ The German Overseas Broadcasters ”, “The German European Broadcasters” (DES), the secret broadcasters under the name “Concordia” and an “International Office Broadcasting ". At the beginning of 1943, 279 official foreign news services were broadcast daily in 53 languages ​​(150 by the European broadcasters, 129 by the overseas broadcasters). The secret channels included programs u. a. towards France ( Radio Humanité ; Voix de la Paix ), England (Concordia N, New British Broadcasting Station ; Concordia S, Workers 'Challenge ), Egypt (Concordia A, voice of the free Arabs - صوت العروبة الحرة Ṣaut al-ʿurūba' l -ḥurra), India (Concordia H, Voice of Free India - Voice of Free India / Free India Radio / आज़ाद हिन्द रेडियो Āzād Hind Reḍiyo), Russia (Concordia V, Old Guard of Lenin - Старая гвардия Ленина; secret channel Z, agent channel) and the USA ( Station Debunk, the Station of all free Americans ).

In addition, the Foreign Office in 1940 briefed the Special Service Seehaus you to listen to foreign broadcasts scheduled by so-called "monitors" and (. Eg founded in 1941 for participation in foreign broadcasting companies Radio Monte Carlo ), the Inter Radio GmbH (Zurich). At the beginning of 1942, Interradio was transferred to a joint stock company of the Foreign Office and the Propaganda Ministry, integrating the Seehaus special service; KG Kiesinger acted as a liaison between the two ministries . In July 1943, the Radio-Union GmbH of the Propaganda Ministry, which had been supposed to organize German commercial advertising abroad since 1941, was also absorbed. The Inter radio owned subsidiaries in Bucharest, Belgrade, Zemun, Zurich, Monte Carlo, Oslo, a branch in Sofia and a representative in Tirana; her area of ​​work included broadcasters in Athens ( AERE ) and Shanghai ( XGRS ).

List of transmitter locations

No. place Coordinates Beginning The End Affiliation March 1925
kHz (m)
Nov. 1926
kHz
Jan. 1929
kHz
Jun. 1929
kHz
Jan. 1934
kHz
Jun. 1939
kHz
1 Aachen 50 ° 46 ′ 34 "  N , 6 ° 5 ′ 2"  E 1928 1932 Cologne - - 658 662 - -
2 augsburg 48 ° 22 '10 "  N , 10 ° 53' 38"  E 1927 1935 Munich - - 559 536 1465 -
3 Berlin-Magdeburger Platz 52 ° 30 ′ 16 "  N , 13 ° 21 ′ 35"  E 1924 1927 Berlin 594.1 (505) 620 - - - -
4th Berlin joke life 52 ° 30 ′ 18 "  N , 13 ° 16 ′ 41"  E 1925 1935 Berlin 1034.5 (290) 530 631 716 (834?) -
5 Berlin-Boxhagener Str. 52 ° 30 ′ 48 ″  N , 13 ° 27 ′ 24 ″  E 1929 1934 Berlin - - 1270? 1058 - -
6th Berlin Tegel 52 ° 34 '8 "  N , 13 ° 17' 36"  E 1933 1945 Berlin - - - - 841 841
7th Bremen-Domsheide 53 ° 4 ′ 27 "  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 35"  E 1924 1933 Hamburg 909.1 (330) 750 775 887 - -
8th Bremen-Utbremer Str. 53 ° 5 ′ 44 "  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 30"  E 1933 1945 Hamburg - - - - 1330 1330
9 Wroclaw Upper Mining Authority 51 ° 5 ′ 20 "  N , 17 ° 0 ′ 58"  E 1924 1925 Wroclaw 717.7 (418) - - - - -
10 Breslau -Krietern 51 ° 4 ′ 18 ″  N , 17 ° 0 ′ 24 ″  E 1925 1932 Wroclaw - 930 937 1184 - -
11 Breslau-Rothsürben 50 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 1 ′ 17 ″  E 1932 1945 Wroclaw - - - - 950 950
12 Gdansk Telegraph Office 54 ° 20 ′ 54 ″  N , 18 ° 39 ′ 1 ″  E 1926 1945 Koenigsberg - 1100 658 662 1303 1303
13 Dortmund 51 ° 30 ′ 41 "  N , 7 ° 24 ′ 41"  E 1925 1927 Cologne (Munster) - 1060 - - - -
14th Dresden 51 ° 2 ′ 54 "  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 26"  E 1925 1945 Leipzig 1071.4 (280) 1020 775 941 1285? 1465
15th Elberfeld 51 ° 14 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 4 ″  E 1925 1927 Cologne (Munster) - 640 - - - -
16 Flensburg 54 ° 47 ′ 22 ″  N , 9 ° 27 ′ 8 ″  E 1928 1945 Hamburg - - ? 1373 1330 1330
17th Frankfurt Post Office 50 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  N , 8 ° 40 ′ 55 ″  E 1924 1926 Frankfurt 638.3 (470) - - - - -
18th Frankfurt-Heiligenstock 50 ° 9 ′ 17 "  N , 8 ° 42 ′ 40"  E 1926 1945 Frankfurt - 700 712 770 1195 1195
19th Freiburg trade school 48 ° 0 ′ 2 "  N , 7 ° 49 ′ 44"  E 1926 1934 Stuttgart - 520 52? 527 - -
20th Freiburg fiefdom 48 ° 0 ′ 49 "  N , 7 ° 47 ′ 38"  E 1933 1945 Frankfurt,
1939 Stuttgart
- - - - 1195 1294
21st Gleiwitz-Radauner Str. 50 ° 17 ′ 36 "  N , 18 ° 38 ′ 29"  E 1925 1935 Wroclaw - 1200 919 923 - -
22nd Gleiwitz-Tarnowitzer Str. 50 ° 18 ′ 48 ″  N , 18 ° 41 ′ 20 ″  E 1935 1945 Wroclaw - - - - 1231 1231
23 Goerlitz-Reichenbach 51 ° 8 ′ 44 "  N , 14 ° 48 ′ 12"  E 1937 1945 Wroclaw - - - - - 1231
24 Hamburg telephone exchange 53 ° 34 ′ 7 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 8 ″  E 1924 1925 Hamburg 759.5 (395) - - - - -
25th Hamburg-Lokstedt 53 ° 35 ′ 46 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 35"  E 1925 1934 Hamburg - 760 766 896 - -
26th Hamburg-Billwerder-Moorfleet 53 ° 31 '10 "  N , 10 ° 6' 12"  E 1934 1945 Hamburg - - - - 904 904
27 Hanover-Bornumer Str. 52 ° 21 '39 "  N , 9 ° 42' 50"  E 1924 1933 Hamburg 1013.5 (296) 1010 530 536 - -
28 Hanover-Hainholz 52 ° 23 ′ 37 "  N , 9 ° 42 ′ 18"  E 1933 1940 Hamburg - - - - 1330 1330
29 Heilsberg 54 ° 8 ′ 24 "  N , 20 ° 33 ′ 47"  E 1930 1945 Koenigsberg - - - - 1031 1031
30th Herzberg 51 ° 42 ′ 55 "  N , 13 ° 15 ′ 53"  E 1939 1945 Germany broadcaster - - - - - 191
31 Kaiserslautern 49 ° 27 ′ 26 ″  N , 7 ° 46 ′ 20 ″  E 1928 1945 Munich,
1934 Frankfurt,
1936 Saarbrücken
- - 1080 1112 1195 1429
32 kassel 51 ° 18 ′ 56 "  N , 9 ° 29 ′ 11"  E 1925 1945 Frankfurt 1060.1 (283) 1100 1200 1220 1195 1195
33 Kiel 54 ° 19 ′ 58 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 5 ″  E 1926 1934 Hamburg - 1180 1200 1220 - -
34 Koblenz 50 ° 22 ′ 31 ″  N , 7 ° 35 ′ 8 ″  E 1935 1945 Frankfurt - - - - 1195 1195
35 Cologne 50 ° 53 ′ 49 "  N , 6 ° 57 ′ 40"  E 1928 1932 Cologne (Munster) - - 1140 1319 - -
36 King Wusterhausen 52 ° 18 ′ 18 ″  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 1 ″  E 1926 1927 Germany broadcaster - 240 - - - -
37 Königsberg-Pregelwiesen 54 ° 42 ′ 35 "  N , 20 ° 32 ′ 23"  E 1924 1926 Koenigsberg 647.9 (463) 990 - - - -
38 Königsberg-Amalienau 54 ° 42 ′ 52 "  N , 20 ° 28 ′ 8"  E 1926 1945 Koenigsberg - (990) 1070 1085 1348 1348
39 Langenberg 51 ° 21 '23 "  N , 7 ° 8' 3"  E 1927 1945 Cologne - - 649 635 658 658
40 Leipzig-Johannishospital 51 ° 19 ′ 59 "  N , 12 ° 23 ′ 36"  E 1924 1926 Leipzig 660.8 (454) - - - - -
41 Leipzig trade fair 51 ° 19 ′ 9 ″  N , 12 ° 24 ′ 2 ″  E 1926 1932 Leipzig - 840 829 1157 - -
42 Leipzig-Wiederau 51 ° 11 ′ 6 "  N , 12 ° 16 ′ 48"  E 1932 1945 Leipzig - - - - 785 785
43 Magdeburg 52 ° 7 ′ 57 "  N , 11 ° 37 ′ 53"  E 1928 1944 Berlin, Hamburg - - 1270? 1058 1330 1330
44 Melnik 14 ° 31 '10 "  N , 50 ° 22' 19"  E 1939 1945 Bohemia - - - - - 1113
45 Memel 55 ° 42 ′ 1 ″  N , 21 ° 12 ′ 42 ″  E 1939 1944 Koenigsberg - - - - - 565
46 Munich-Arnulfstr. 48 ° 8 ′ 32 "  N , 11 ° 33 ′ 14"  E 1924 1927 Munich 618.6 (485) - - - - -
47 Munich-Stadelheim 48 ° 5 ′ 59 "  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 31"  E 1926 1932 Munich - 560 559 563 - -
48 Munich-Ismaning 48 ° 15 ′ 7 ″  N , 11 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  E 1932 1945 Munich - - - - 740 740
49 Muenster 51 ° 57 ′ 0 ″  N , 7 ° 38 ′ 17 ″  E 1924 1932 Cologne (Munster) 731.7 (410) 1240 1200 1283 - -
50 Nuremberg Oberpostdirektion 49 ° 26 '49 "  N , 11 ° 5' 5"  E 1924 1926 Munich 882.4 (340) - - - - -
51 Nuremberg-Kleinreuth 49 ° 26 ′ 38 "  N , 11 ° 0 ′ 31"  E 1926 1945 Munich - 910 1240 1256 1267 519
52 Saarbrücken-Heusweiler 49 ° 20 ′ 42 "  N , 6 ° 54 ′ 52"  E 1935 1945 Saarbrücken - - - - - 1249
53 Stettin-Zabelsdorf 53 ° 25 ′ 41 ″  N , 14 ° 32 ′ 52 ″  E 1925 1934 Berlin - 1190 1270 1058 - -
54 Stettin-König-Albert-Str. 53 ° 25 ′ 41 ″  N , 14 ° 32 ′ 52 ″  E 1934 1945 Hamburg - - - - 1330 1330
55 Stumble 54 ° 23 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  E 1938 1945 Hamburg - - - - - 1330
56 Stuttgart-Feuerbach 48 ° 48 '36 "  N , 9 ° 10' 51"  E 1924 1926 Stuttgart 677.2 (443) - - - - -
57 Stuttgart-Degerloch 48 ° 44 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 10 ′ 30 ″  E 1926 1930 Stuttgart - 790 802 833 - -
58 Stuttgart-Mühlacker 48 ° 56 ′ 28 "  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 8"  E 1930 1945 Stuttgart - - - - 574 574
59 trier 49 ° 46 ′ 8 "  N , 6 ° 39 ′ 27"  E 1933 1945 Frankfurt - - - - 1195 1195
60 Troppau-Schönbrunn 49 ° 48 ′ 40 "  N , 18 ° 11 ′ 30"  E 1938 1939 Wroclaw - - - - - 1204
61 Zeesen 52 ° 16 ′ 28 "  N , 13 ° 37 ′ 3"  E 1927 1939 Germany transmitter ;
Shortwave transmitter
- - 182 183.5 191 -
58 Dornbirn-Lauterach 47 ° 26 ′ 55 "  N , 9 ° 42 ′ 7"  E 1938 1945 Stuttgart - - - - - 1294
59 Graz-St. Peter 47 ° 3 ′ 14 "  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 55"  E 1938 1945 Vienna - - - - - 886
60 Innsbruck-Aldrans 47 ° 15 ′ 11 "  N , 11 ° 26 ′ 51"  E 1938 1945 Munich - - - - - 519
61 Klagenfurt 46 ° 37 ′ 34 "  N , 14 ° 19 ′ 30"  E 1938 1945 Vienna - - - - - 886
62 Linz 48 ° 17 ′ 51 ″  N , 14 ° 16 ′ 3 ″  E 1938 1945 Vienna - - - - - 1267
63 Salzburg 47 ° 47 '46 "  N , 13 ° 2' 26"  E 1938 1945 Munich - - - - - 519
64 Vienna-Bisamberg 48 ° 18 ′ 40 "  N , 16 ° 23 ′ 1"  E 1938 1945 Vienna - - - - - 592

The following development can be observed in the transmitter locations: First, the transmitters were usually placed on the roofs of the studio buildings, sometimes using church towers or town halls. From 1925 onwards it was relocated to the suburbs, often with pairs of steel lattice towers. When it was recognized that steel had a negative impact on the range of spread, wooden towers followed, initially twice, and individually at the beginning of the 1930s. On October 10, 1935, the wooden tower of the Langenberg transmitter was destroyed by a hurricane, which is why self-radiating guyed steel masts were often used.

Liquidation and successor institutions

In 1951 the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft went into liquidation by a shareholder resolution, which lasted until 1961. An institution that is somewhat comparable to the RRG has been the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands (ARD) since 1950 . Deutschlandfunk (DLF, 1962–93) took over the European international service , the overseas service Deutsche Welle . The Deutschlandsender was continued in East Germany in 1946 (names: after merging with Berliner Welle in 1971 voice of the GDR , in 1990 again in Germany or after merging with Radio DDR II in May DS Kultur ; then after merging with RIAS 1 at the beginning of 1994 Deutschlandradio Berlin , 2005 Deutschlandradio Culture , 2017 Deutschlandfunk Kultur ).

See also

literature

  • Winfried B. Lerg : Broadcasting policy in the Weimar Republic (=  Hans Bausch [Hrsg.]: Broadcasting in Germany, Volume 1 ). dtv, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-03183-2 ( snippet in the Google book search).
  • Ansgar Diller: Broadcasting policy in the Third Reich (= Hans Bausch [Hrsg.]: Broadcasting in Germany, Volume 2 ). dtv, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-03184-0 .
    • RRG: Lerg Chapter 3.6, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 7.7; Diller 3.7, 4.4, 7.6
    • Dradag: Lerg 2.5, 3.4, 4.6, 5.3; Diller 3.2
    • Fees: Lerg 2.7, 4.3; Diller 3.10
    • Germany transmitter: Lerg 3.2, 5.4; Diller 7.8
    • Foreign service: Lerg 5.6, Diller 4.2, 7.3
    • Broadcasting companies: Lerg 3.1, 7.5; Diller 2.6, 3.4
    • Transmitter expansion: Lerg 3.3, 5.8
    • Television: Lerg 5.6; Diller 4.3
  • Heinz Pohle: The radio as an instrument of politics. On the history of German broadcasting from 1923/38 . Hans Bredow Institute (Scientific Series for Radio and Television, Volume 1), Hamburg 1955.
  • Joachim-Felix Leonhard (Ed.): Program history of radio in the Weimar Republic. 2 vol. Edited by the DRA . dtv, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-423-04702-X ( excerpt from volume 1 )
  • Bernd-Andreas Möller: Manual of the radio transmitting and receiving stations of the German Reichspost . Walz, Idstein 2005, ISBN 978-3-936012-05-7 (528 pages); Funk-Verlag Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2009, ISBN 978-3-939197-44-7 (526 pages, table of contents )
  • Deutsches Bühnen-Jahrbuch: theater-historical year and address book ( ISSN  0070-4431 ), section: The German broadcasting stations

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b Ulrich Heitger: From time signals to political means of leadership . Lit, 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6853-2 , pp. 23–51 and especially footnote 157 ( full text in the Google book search). Pocket Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony . Springer, 1927, p.  1061-1064 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  2. because of the occupation of the Rhineland
  3. cf. Ordinance on the protection of radio traffic of March 8, 1924 ( RGBl. I p. 273 ); later: Law on telecommunications systems ( RGBl. 1928 I p. 8 )
  4. cf. Reichstag III 1924/26, printed no.2766 , Annexes 2 (provisions for the monitoring committee of the broadcasting companies) and 3 (provisions for the cultural advisory board of the broadcasting companies)
  5. cf. Reich Post Finance Act of March 18, 1924 ( RGBl. I p. 287 )
  6. Decree of the Reich Minister of the Interior on the use of radio by the Reich government of June 11, 1932
  7. ^ Reichstag III 1924/26, printed no. 2766 , Appendix 1 (guidelines for the news and lecture service of broadcasting companies); Sound document: radio news from February 13, 1932
  8. Dietz Schwiesau: "A radio editor with lust, love and enthusiasm": memories of the first news chief of German radio, Josef Räuscher (2011)
  9. The German Empire from 1918 to the present day . Berlin 1931, p. 560 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  10. Ulrich Heitger: From time signals to political means of leadership . Lit, 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6853-2 , pp. 345 with fn. 2 .
  11. Ordinance of June 30, 1933 ( RGBl. I p. 449 )
  12. on the property of the RRG as an "advertising company" see Reichsfinanzhof , judgment of June 25, 1936, RFH 39, 281 ( Az. III A 23/36)
  13. http://www.wabweb.net/radio/listen/LWMWeu34.pdf
  14. Judgment of February 22, 1937, RGSt 71, 114 ( Az. 2 D 291/36)
  15. Judgment of November 14, 1936, RGZ 153, 1 ( Az. I 124/36: unlike the justification for copyright in § 11 LitUrhG , the broadcasting does not represent a public performance in the limitation of § 22a LitUrhG ). Simon Apel: The Reichsgericht, copyright law and the party program of the NSDAP . In: ZJS 2010, pp. 141–143
  16. cf. Decree of December 11, 1935 ( RGBl. I p. 1429 )
  17. Reich Chamber of Culture Act of September 22, 1933 ( RGBl. I p. 661 )
  18. ^ Hanns Kreczi , Das Bruckner-Stift St. Florian and the Linzer Reichs-Bruckner-Orchester (1942-1945) , Anton Bruckner Documents and Studies (5), ISBN 978-3-2010-1319-2 , Akademische Druck- u. Publishing House, 1986, p. 136
  19. Lucerne Wave Plan 1934 ( RGBl. II p. 763 , 779 )
  20. European transmitters used in mid-1942: the 7 long-wave transmitters Allouis , Deutschlandsender , Friesland (Hilversum / Kootwijk), Luxembourg, Minsk, Oslo, Vistula (Lodsch / Bremen 2); the 16 medium wave transmitters Alps , Bordeaux-Neac, Bordeaux-Lafayette, Bremen ( Norden-Osterloog ), Breslau, Calais, Danube ( Dobrochau ), Hamburg, Kattowitz, Cologne, Königsberg, Leipzig, Paris-Argenteuil, Prague, Rennes-Thourie , Stuttgart ; in addition 20 shortwave and a further 13 transmitters in the occupied Soviet territories, a total of 56 transmitters (Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924–1976 , p. 654 ). - The European broadcasters had their own branch offices in Paris, Brussels, The Hague, Oslo and Vienna (Boelcke p. 318 ).
  21. ^ Eugen Kurt Fischer: Documents on the history of German radio and television . Göttingen 1957, p. 180 f.
  22. Languages ​​March 1944 (based on Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924-1976 , p. 316 ): English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, Icelandic, Faroese, Flemish, Dutch, Irish, Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian, Lithuanian, Polish (28)
  23. Languages ​​March 1943 (after Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924–1976 , p. 373 ): English, Spanish, Portuguese, Brazilian, French, Afrikaans, Japanese, Hindi, Bengali, Maharathi, Malei, Tamil (Middle East), Iranian, Afghan, Arabic, Maghrebian, Turkish, Egyptian, Caucasian, Azerbaijani, Taebris-Azerbaijan, Armenian, Uzbek, Ossetian, Karachay, Volga Tatar, Chechen (Caucasus), Kalmuk (28)
  24. ^ Reimund Schnabel: Misused microphones: German radio propaganda in the Second World War, a documentation . Europa-Verlag, Vienna 1967 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  25. ^ Willi A. Boelcke: The power of radio: world politics and foreign broadcasting 1924-1976 . Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1977, p. 308
  26. Radio Orario 1925 no . 9 p. 4
  27. ^ Geneva wave plan
  28. Brussels wave plan
  29. Prague wave map
  30. Lucerne wave plan
  31. http://www.dxradio-ffm.de/histo1939.htm
  32. Andreas Brudnjak: The history of the German medium-wave transmission systems from 1923 to 1945 . Funk Verlag Bernhard Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2010, ISBN 978-3-939197-51-5
  33. cf. Law on the establishment of broadcasters under federal law of November 29, 1960 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 862 )