Paper type

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are around 3000 types of paper that can be grouped according to different aspects.

Classification according to usage aspects

There are four major groups of paper produced according to the practical usability: graphic papers (papers for writing, printing and copying), paper and cardboard for packaging purposes, hygiene papers ( tissue papers ) as well as technical papers and special papers.

Classification according to fiber raw materials

After the composition, there are four main groups: pure rag paper , rag-based paper, pure pulp paper and wood-containing papers. The rag components are bleached cotton or linen fibers , more rarely jute and hemp fiber raw materials .

Names of paper types

Paper types are designated according to different criteria. It is named after starting materials (e.g. cellulose paper , synthetic paper), manufacturing methods (e.g. soda paper , handmade paper), special properties (e.g. colored , velor, crepe paper ) and uses (e.g. thick printing -, factory printing, Bible printing paper), occasionally also an area of ​​origin (e.g. Japanese paper , manila paper). The designations can refer to a rough classification ( generic terms ) or identify the material more or less precisely (types and sub-types). Carbonless paper is an example of a generic term, as there are different types of carbonless paper.

The same types of paper can be named differently, for example depending on the purpose. Different denominations are often used for the same paper in the trade. Sometimes the names of the house brands of a paper merchant are common. A designation may only be unambiguous in the context of the name user, i.e. the manufacturer, dealer or user.

Printed paper sheets such as lined or checkered paper or note paper (paper with printed music lines, not to be confused with note printing paper) are neither types of paper nor special papers in the sense of paper production. They are paper products based on common graphic papers.

List of paper types and types

A.

  • Aburatorigami is a special, very thin Japanese paper that is highly absorbent and is used in cosmetics.
  • Poster paper : Paper types for large-format posters , wood-free and strongly glued , with a blue-gray back, weather-resistant.
  • Albumen paper was one of the most popular copy papers until 1900.
  • Alfapapier : medium-soft, high-volume (usually 1.5 to 2-fold application) wood-free paper for low-volume printing works mainly made of half grass , it belongs to the thick printing papers .
  • Waste paper is the paper waste from production, processing, trade and household that is returned to the paper mill for further processing. It is a collective term for various forms of paper, such as printed paper, edge trimmings, rubber breakage .
  • Amatl : antique South American paper, Amatl paper was produced on a large scale during the Aztec Triple Alliance .
  • AP papers are types of paper that are predominantly made from waste paper (= AP).
  • APCO II / II: Art paper developed by the Scheufelen paper mill for test purposes in accordance with DIN 16519 T2 without wood pulp and whitening agent ; Reference paper for various standards. A precisely defined reference paper must be used to test offset printing inks for conformity to ISO 2846-1.
  • Watercolor paper is a paper for use in watercolor painting . It is specially glued, bulky, absorbent and low-warpage . The paper can also be used for other drawing techniques. The grammage of watercolor papers is between 120 g / m 2 up to 850 g / m 2 , for watercolor cardboard from approx. 150 g / m 2 .
  • Asbestos paper is made from fibrous asbestos in the same way as ordinary paper is made from cellulose. It was used as a sealing material in older electrical appliances or motors and also in fire protection applications.
  • Copy paper was used in historical photography .
  • Decoration paper is used to decorate or visually embellish print and bookbinding products .

B.

  • Baking paper is a heat-resistant paper that serves as a base for baked goods during the baking process. The paper prevents the dough from sticking to the baking sheet.
  • Banana paper is an ecological paper that is still produced entirely by hand, especially in developing countries; especially for hobbyists and artists.
  • Banknote paper is high quality, durable and mechanically strong. It has watermarks and mottled fibers and usually contains a high proportion of cotton fibers , often rag or other rare types of fiber are added. The grip and long-term use properties as well as forgery-proofness play an important role for banknotes .
  • Baryta paper: is the photo paper used and has a high proportion of barite in bulk, by this white pigment of the background of is black and white photos improved and the image contrast
  • Bible printing paper is a very thin paper with a low grammage , between 25 and 60 g / m 2 , and high opacity for large works. It is filled with minerals for the heaviness and therefore has a high proportion of ash . Neutral it is called thin printing paper.
  • Picture printing paper is smoothed, i.e. closed, paper (coated paper) by means of a pasty spread. The coat of starch , mineral coating pigments and synthetic resin coating pigments can be up to 20 g / m 2 on both sides.
  • Birch bark paper was used for writing by the Vikings and American Indian tribes as well as in later times.
  • Blue paper called blue wrapping paper for books Schoneinbinden, on the other hand but also thick ink-bearing paper (or foil) to transfer (mostly) with andrückender handwriting .
  • Bombyzin paper used to be imported to Central Europe .
  • Stationery is the generic term for all postal papers .
  • Postage stamp paper is a paper specially made for printing postage stamps.
  • Book paper is generally paper intended for printing books. It is half to fully sized, mostly ink-resistant and erasable paper made from high-quality fiber materials with good mechanical strength.
  • Colored paper is a special name for full-colored, surface- colored papers. It can be lacquered, patterned, velor, bronzed or marbled papers for decoration and furnishing purposes . Possibly also thin and gummed, a special variant is the model printing paper , this includes the Rizzi paper .
  • Handmade paper is paper that is scooped from the vat by hand or made on a cylinder mold. The watermarks are only possible as "attachment watermarks" or as fake watermarks.
  • Greaseproof paper or parchment substitute is a white, transparent and thin and food-safe paper. It is usually used to transport wrapped food, such as sandwiches.

C.

  • China paper is a particularly soft, absorbent, usually slightly yellowish paper. It is mainly used for engravings or etchings .
  • Chinese rice paper is a sheet-like "paper" material made from the pressed and dried, thinly cut pulp of rice paper trees; Rice paper tree ( Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K.Koch) and the Tibetan rice paper tree ( Merrilliopanax alpinus (CB Clarke) CB Shang).
  • Chromopapier is a multi-layered, wood-containing or wood-free, wood-pulp-containing paper or cardboard, is coated on one side , a waterproof coating is used, which corresponds to the special requirements of the end product (such as good suitability for offset printing , embossing, groove, punching and Paintability) or for lithographs (stone printing ). It is widely used for labels, wrapping paper. It is matt to glossy and can be lacquered, bronzed and laminated, also wet and alkali-resistant.

D.

  • Down printing paper is a high-volume and heavy-duty paper, it is a thick printing paper.
  • Decalcifying paper is a thin and strong paper for making decals on porcelain etc. a. Materials. The back of the paper is coated with copal lacquer.
  • Thick printing paper is very high-volume paper made from special fibers and with a very long-fiber, coarse grind.
  • Document paper is a wood pulp-free paper with high resistance to aging, which is sometimes made with the addition of rags.
  • Double wax paper
  • Printing paper is the generic term for all printable uncoated or coated papers that are already set for the various printing processes during manufacture.
  • Duplex paper is a two-sided paper with different colored or different reactive front and back. Its special fields of application are duplex cardboard and "duo-tone paper".
  • Carbonless paper (also called carbon paper or by printing paper ) is a very thin (30 to 40 g / m 2 ), but machine-finished, mostly wood-free and well-sized typing paper. The term "carbonless paper" is also used for carbon paper (with a thick color coating for transfer by handwriting, typewriter or impact printer ) or increasingly also for carbonless paper (thin carbonless paper, depending on the process and position in the writing stack, coated on one or two sides almost invisibly with microencapsulated reagents for color development by crushing). Form (sets) can also be provided with a dark color layer on the reverse side of the paper.

E.

F.

  • Fabriano paper is made from cotton and is used for watercolor painting.
  • Fine papers are all wood-free and rag-containing papers according to DIN .
  • Filter paper is a special paper, it consists practically of pure cellulose, it can also be equipped with various additives or specially treated (axis-free paper). It is z. B. for oil filters , air filters , coffee filters , pads, tea filters and used for medical purposes and in laboratories.
  • Felt paper is especially suitable for inserting soft work into, for example, wallets .
  • Flock paper: see velor paper
  • Pile paper: see velor paper
  • Florpost (pile post paper): a thin, translucent paper
  • Photo paper is - classic - vollgeleimter carton with starch or barite dot , often with barrier layers of polyethylene coated with a gelatin - Photo Emulsion for making prints or enlargements by exposure . A different type of photo paper is not light-sensitive for digital printing, but can have a gelatin layer to absorb printer ink.

G

  • Coated paper is any surface-treated paper that has been coated on one or both sides with a coating mass of at least 5 g / m 2 , that is to say has been coated. The coating slip can be pigmented and contain plastic.
  • Ribbed paper or vergé paper is a paper that has fine ribs. These are also known as linear watermarks or water lines and ridges .
  • Glass fiber paper: Paper with incorporated glass fibers, which increase dimensional stability and aging resistance.
  • Gummed papers are papers with an adhesive layer made of synthetic glue or gum arabic . Postage stamps are a typical example .

H

  • Rag paper has at least 10% proportion of rags or cotton, hemp -, flax fiber . It is primarily used for banknotes and documents.
  • Semi-pulp paper is a particularly stiff paper with at least 65% semi-pulp content of the total pulp mass. It is used for the corrugated sheets in corrugated cardboard , provided they are not made from recycled waste paper.
  • Hemp paper : this is the name of paper types that consist exclusively or to a large extent of cellulose obtained from the fibers of industrial hemp.
  • Hard paper is a fiber composite material made from paper and a phenol - formaldehyde synthetic resin ( phenoplast ).
  • Hard mail - also bank bond paper , is a high-quality, wood-free , writing paper, worked hard to sound , with even transparency, often with watermarks. It also contains rags, mostly glued and erasable.
  • Glossy paper is a one-side cast- coated , but not calendered paper.
  • Wood-free paper is an imprecise, non-DIN-compliant term for wood-free paper. It should contain a maximum of 5% by weight of lignified fibers.
  • Wood-containing paper : a common but imprecise name for wood-pulp paper. The term is used for paper with at least 5% by weight of lignified fibers.
  • Hydrographic paper is paper that can be written on with water.
  • Hygiene papers (especially tissue papers ) are particularly coarsely ground cellulose papers with a high volume and high absorbency. They are typically used in the sanitary or kitchen area, they are often wet-proof. The special form is toilet paper .

I.

  • Ingres paper is a handmade or cylinder mold paper (cylinder mold machines), often colored, with a characteristically rough surface (ribbed) and deckle edge . It is named after the French painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780–1867). It is used for covers, covers, prints, watercolors, charcoal, red chalk and chalk drawings as well as wood and linocut techniques .

J

K

  • Potassium iodide starch paper is a filter paper that has been impregnated with potassium iodide and starch . It is used to detect oxidizing agents.
  • Office paper is called wood-free , fully sized writing paper between 60 and 120 g / m 2 , after its previous preferred use in law firms .
  • Carbon paper: another name for carbon paper
  • Khoi paper is a paper from Thailand (formerly Siam ), made from the bark of the Khoi tree Streblus asper . It is a very stable and durable paper → Samut Khoi . It was also used blackened similar to the Parabaik.
  • Carbon paper: see carbonless paper
  • Copy paper or xerography paper is a wood-free , one-sided pretensioned natural paper for photocopiers and laser printers . It is often of the quality of writing paper, is lightly filled and consists mostly of cellulose from spruce wood and higher-quality cellulose from hardwood .
  • Corrosion protection paper or VCI paper (Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor) is an impregnated or coated paper which protects against corrosion by releasing substances.
  • Kraftliner is a type of paper similar to Kraft paper; it is used as a liner for cardboard.
  • Kraft paper (also: wrapping paper) is a highly tear-resistant paper for high loads made from softwood pulp obtained in the caustic soda process and often with a sharp satin finish . It is preferably used for paper sacks, for packaging and wrapping. It used to be made of low quality AP, the qualifying feature was its increased tear resistance. Today it is often made from kraft pulp. Whereas the grammage used to be around 130 g / m 2 , today it is around 80 g / m 2 due to optimized production and input materials . Creped and twisted also for paper split cord .
  • Chalk paper : coated paper for making postage stamps.
  • Crepe paper is heavily creased paper. By compressing the paper web during production while it is still moist or by re-moistening, the paper structure required to increase the elasticity is achieved.
  • Kitchen roll is a hygiene paper for household rolls. It has a high absorbency and is still very wet-strength.
  • Art paper is a very high quality coated paper. Used wood-free , rare light wood-containing paper with a very high smooth coating application of at least 20 g / m 2 per side.
  • Plastic fiber papers or plastic papers are cellulose-containing papers with a substantial proportion of plastic fibers or which are coated or impregnated with plastic fibers . They belong to the group of synthetic papers.
  • Copper printing paper is handmade paper, usually made from soft cotton fibers, often filled with up to 10% kaolin, unsized or resin-sized.

L.

  • Map paper for making maps . It must be particularly dimensionally stable , waterproof and have a high number of double folds .
  • Leather paper is paper that either feels like leather or has a grain structure like leather skin, including elephant skin paper. In the past, leather waste and rags were mixed with fiber material and made into paper.
  • Blueprint paper is a special paper that is provided with a light-sensitive layer on one or both sides ( diazo type ). Formerly blueprints ( cyanotype ), with ferrocyan paper.
  • Blotting paper , also known as fleece paper , is a very absorbent paper with a high volume and a loose structure. It is coarsely ground from waste paper and pulp, and is un the necessary absorbency glued .

M.

  • Manila paper, in greater quality than Manila cardboard , is a relatively inexpensive product and consists of less purified fibers than other papers. It is made from semi-bleached wood fibers and therefore has a brownish color (brown-yellow or leather-colored), and individual fibers are already visible to the eye. Although the paper is less tear-resistant than Kraft paper, it is easier to print on. Often lighter types are used as painting paper or generally as "wrapping paper". The name comes from the original production process from Manila hemp ( Abacá ) in the Philippines . It is also used for files or samples. It can be produced in a wide range of paper thicknesses and also colored. It is used for files or clothing samples, thinner qualities are used because of the characteristic surface, then printed with patterns for wrapping paper.
  • Medical papers: Sterilization papers are special papers that have to meet special standards. ISO 11607, EN 868-6 (Paper for Ethylene Oxide / Irradiation Sterilization) and EN 868-3 (Paper for Steam Sterilization), and of course ISO 10993-5 (Cytotoxicity Standards).
  • Metallized paper is mainly used in decor and label areas. Usually it is vaporized in high vacuum chambers with a wafer-thin but dense metal coating.
  • Metal-laminated paper is paper coated on one or both sides with metal foils, mainly aluminum foil . It is available in matt or glossy. Areas of application are decor, packaging, cold protection.
  • Medium-fine papers are writing and printing papers that contain light wood .
  • Mummy paper: Patent of the Düsseldorf artist CM Seyppel dated December 19, 1882 for a “method to imitate rotten paper”. The patent states that the paper or cardboard is treated with aniline dyes so that it is given a structure that simulates mildew stains. It is then tied together, the edges with alcohol doused and set alight. This gives it its irregular, jagged edge and "looks very similar to old paper".

N

  • Natural fiber papers: As such papers from cotton, are bananas - Sisal -, mulberry fibers, rice, corn, wheat straw paper, Kudzu -paper, Seidelbastpapier (Lokta, Nepal-, Himalaya paper) Daphne bholua and Daphne papyracea referred, although pulp also represents a natural fiber raw material.
  • Natural paper is uncoated paper with a maximum surface treatment or pigmentation of up to 5 g / m 2 . The rough surface gives the paper a natural look. Because of the higher fiber content, natural paper is more voluminous and stiffer than coated paper.
  • Note printing paper is a special paper that is completely opaque thanks to suitable fillers so that the notes on the other side of the paper do not appear in the wrong print image. There are also special features in the sizing of the paper pulp and the smoothing of the paper surface.

O

  • Offset printing paper , also known as offset paper for short , is a sized, firm paper with good dimensional stability in order to keep its shape when offset is dampened . It can be machine-smooth or satin-finished and it must be resistant to picking.
  • According to DIN 6730, oil paper or wax paper is mostly wood-free paper that has been impregnated with white wax , paraffin or ceresin . Waxed paper is waterproof and aroma-proof.

P

  • Parabaik is a historical paper from Myanmar , it is thick sheets of paper that are glued and folded. There are white and black (blackened) Parabaik.
  • Parchment substitute: see greaseproof paper
  • Parchment paper is a largely greaseproof and wet-strength cellulose paper.
  • Glassine is the highly satined, largely greaseproof and - if it is not colored - highly transparent paper, it is not wet-strength, which is used as a substitute for parchment .
  • Poster paper is a monochrome paper , also coated on one side , with good lightfastness and should be equipped to prevent the adhesives from penetrating .
  • Plotter paper for large format printers
  • Post paper, also called letter paper , is satined, glued and mostly wood-free . These papers must be easy to write on with ink and have a basis weight between 70 and 120 g / m 2 .
  • Provide preprint paper with preprint

Q

  • Quartz fiber paper, filter paper that contains quartz fibers .
  • Swelling paper is a special paper that is coated on one or both sides with a strongly swelling fiber in order to achieve its application quality.

R.

  • Recycled paper is any paper with 100% waste paper before further processing , such as paper that is still given a high-quality coating for art paper.
  • Rice paper describes a group of different types of paper that are made from different plant fibers.
  • Base paper: type of paper intended for coating or processing into corrugated cardboard .

S.

  • Saa paper, also Siampapier , is a paper from Thailand (formerly Siam) which, like many Japanese papers, is made from the bark of the paper mulberry tree.
  • Suction mail is a very voluminous, absorbent paper for the (previously widespread) printing process with stencil duplicators and stencil printers.
  • SC paper is a special name for heavily calendered paper , i.e. paper with a smooth surface and thus reduced thickness.
  • Paper cut paper or construction paper is a thin, deep black and reflection-free paper with a basis weight of 80–90 g / m 2 . It is either painted black on one side or colored through. The back can be gummed, i.e. H. be provided with a dry adhesive layer, which becomes tacky again when moistened.
  • Abrasive paper on the support material, the abrasive is applied and fixed with a binder thereon.
  • Writing paper is any paper that is suitable for writing on both sides. This is achieved through special surface sizing and calendering, in particular it should be ink-resistant and the writing must not run out.
  • Typewriter paper (also SM paper) is colored or white natural paper for use in typewriters. The requirements are defined in DIN 6730. It must be erasable and glued, the surface must be matt and the paper must withstand the impact of writing types.
  • Schrenzpapier is made entirely from unsorted waste paper. It is mostly gray due to the waste paper content, sometimes brownish and is mainly used as a raw material for various corrugated cardboard.
  • Swell paper is a special paper on which darkly printed areas swell when heated and can then be felt by blind people ( tactile graphics ). A thermoplastic PVC layer is located on a carrier paper .
  • Tissue paper is a very thin, wood-free or wood-containing paper with a weight of less than 25 g / m 2 . It is used as a packaging and decoration material, a special variant is the silver silk paper , which is free of substances that attack silver.
  • Self -copying paper or SD ( carbonless copy paper ) paper , also known as NCR paper ( no carbon required ), does not contain carbon layers and contains additives, mostly preforms of dyes that create a copy when pressed on the base paper. A distinction is made between single and multi-sheet systems according to the carbonless system used.
  • Security papers are all papers that are suitable for security features due to their quality or additives . They are used in banknotes, stocks , and passports .
  • Silicon paper is used to prevent glue, paste or other sticky substances from sticking . It consists of a polymer with adhesive-repellent properties. By coating with silicone , you get “adhesive” papers, the surface of which is repellent to most substances. Areas of application: Covering material for self-adhesive papers and foils, e.g. B. in label production.
  • Stretching paper is a paper-like material that is used to cover model aircraft. In the past it was also used for man-carrying aircraft. It is applied with tension varnish to the wings and tail units , partly also to the fuselage and coated several times with tension varnish.
  • Spider paper is a transparent paper made from glassine with an embossed spider web pattern. It is used as a liner in photo albums.
  • Spinning paper has a particularly high tensile strength and is used to manufacture paper yarn.
  • Stone paper is made from ground limestone with polyethylene resin as a binding agent. Stone paper is water and oil resistant, antistatic and acid free .
  • Straw paper is made from shredded straws. According to Pierer's Universal Lexikon , straw paper was produced in Regensburg as early as 1800, sometimes with the addition of rag. Pierer described straw paper as hard, stiff and brittle, but still usable as writing paper. In addition, wrapping paper was made from straw.
  • Synthetic paper is a wet-strength paper that consists exclusively of plastic fibers. Because of this, it has a high tear resistance and is usually provided with a surface treatment in order to achieve the writability and printability with the line .

T

  • Ropes or pack , elevator ropes are highly compressed, calendered papers with high tensile strength .
  • Tea bag paper is heat-sealable paper or other, the main material used is Abacá fibers.
  • Directory paper: thin, wood-containing web offset natural paper (approx. 35 g / m 2 ) for telephone and address books.
  • Thermal paper is a paper that is coated with a heat-sensitive (thermosensitive) layer on the side to be printed. This layer contains the reactive color formers and developers as well as pigments, binders and auxiliaries. When exposed to heat, blue, mostly black, dyes are then formed.
  • Gravure paper is a very absorbent, little sized paper with a soft surface. Good fabric qualities result in high strength. Its field of application is the gravure printing process , in which the printing ink has to be sucked out of the cells.
  • Transparent paper is a paper with high light transmission . Specially selected pulps are ground in a refiner and squeezed here. The enlarged fiber surface closes the normal pores and spaces of the paper and the light transmission (transparency) increases. The absorbency of the paper decreases and must be taken into account when printing. It is colored and uncolored for technical drawings (template for blueprint processes) and packaging. Among the transparent paper include tissue papers, glassine, spinning paper , glassine , parchment paper and others.
  • Release paper : for separating layers and its properties are geared towards the intended use, including glassine. It can serve as a separating layer between sausage, cheese and other materials. A special application is soaped paper to make gold leaf by beating .

V

  • Vellum paper (vellum) is a hard and smooth parchment-like paper. The smoothness was achieved by using particularly fine-meshed copper wire sieve inserts when scooping.
  • Velor paper, also flock paper , pile paper : a colored paper with a rough, velvety surface. The manufacturing process is the same as for dusted wallpaper - the pretreated surface is dusted with fine fiber particles.

W.

  • Wasli paper is a handcrafted paper developed in India in the 10th century for painting miniatures .
  • Waterproof paper: The basis is selected cellulose and synthetic fibers (e.g. polyamide and polyester ), which are made particularly resistant in combination with a special impregnation. A special surface treatment makes this paper even more robust.
  • Water-soluble paper: For confidential documents that can easily be destroyed afterwards, as well as handicrafts.
  • Watermark paper is mostly wood-free natural paper, which shows light or dark images or characters when looked through.
  • Factory printing paper is a wood-containing or wood-free paper with a high filler content for the production of books.

X

Z

  • Drawing paper is the name for all papers that are intended for drawing or sketching. It is rag-containing or wood-free with good surface sizing, high resistance to erasure and washing is required. Depending on the application, it is offered in different grammages from 60 g / m 2 .
  • Newsprint is a lignin-containing paper made from wood pulp for the production of newspapers and short-term publications .
  • Cigarette paper is the finest paper. Thanks to a special filling with magnesium carbonate and impregnation, it is made smolderable. A combustion that is as residue-free, odorless and tasteless as possible is a quality requirement. The main component is hard long fiber pulp. Portions, pre-cut into leaves and with gummed edges, it is available in stores for “do-it-yourselfers”.

English names

Many papers are also named with English names and their associated abbreviations, for example, coated papers:

  • HWC (heavy weight coated): heavier than 72 g / m 2 , with a line of at least 5 g / m 2 per side
  • CP and LWC (light weight coated): up to 72 g / m 2 in weight, with a line of 5 to 10 g / m 2 per side
  • MWC (medium-weight coated): medium-weight coated printing paper
  • LLWC (light light weight coated): up to 51 g / m 2 in weight, with a line of 5 to 9 g / m 2 per side
  • ULWC / SLWC (ultra / super light weight coated): 28 to 45 g / m 2 in weight, the line weighs between 4 and 8 g / m 2 per side
  • C1S (coated one side): paper coated on one side
  • MFC (machine finished coated): machine-finished coated wood-containing paper

Further English abbreviations and terms:

  • ECF (elemental chlorine free): bleached elemental chlorine free, d. H. not bleached with Cl 2
  • FC (film coated): coated
  • Gloss: supercalendered, high gloss
  • HD (high density): greaseproof paper
  • MC (matt calendered): soft calendered
  • MF (machine finished): machine smooth
  • MFS (machine finished specialties): machine-finished special paper
  • MG (machine glazed): paper that is smooth on one side
  • NP (newsprint): Newsprint
  • RCF (recycled fiber content): recycled fiber content
  • Satin: soft calendered, semi-gloss paper, smooth
  • SC: supercalendered, high-gloss paper
  • SC-B: SC paper of the poorer grade B for web offset printing, "B-fabric paper"
  • SCK (supercalendered kraft): supercalendered kraft paper
  • Silk: soft calendered, semi-gloss paper, extra smooth
  • TCF (totally chlorine free): bleached totally chlorine-free, ie not bleached with Cl 2 and not with a chlorine compound
  • TD (telephone directory): telephone directory paper
  • UG (unglazed): unsmoothed
  • WFC (woodfree coated): coated woodfree paper
  • WFU (woodfree uncoated): uncoated wood-free paper

Basis weight of paper types

Examples of area weights (approximate area-related mass, average values):

Paper type Basis weight
Joseph paper (tissue paper) 8 g / m 2
Lens paper 10 g / m 2
Tea bag paper 15 g / m 2
Wrapping paper 25 g / m 2
Airmail paper 30 g / m 2
Carbon paper 35 g / m 2
Thin paper 40 g / m 2
Newsprint, LWC paper 50 g / m 2
Stationery, tabulating paper 60 g / m 2
Typewriter paper 70 g / m 2
Copy paper 80 g / m 2
Elephant skin paper 110 g / m 2
Drawing paper, drawing paper 130 g / m 2
Wrapping paper, protective paper 150 g / m 2
Postcard box 170 g / m 2
Index card board 190 g / m 2
Greeting card box 220 g / m 2
Folder cardboard 250 g / m 2

For comparison: a folder cover made of solid cardboard has a weight per unit area of ​​around 600 g / m 2 .

The density of paper is often given by the reciprocal value, i.e. as a specific volume in cm³ / g. The paper thickness follows from this:

  • Paper thickness (µm) = specific volume (cm³ / g) × surface weight (g / m 2 )

Example: The density of paper is between 700 and 1200 kg / m³. At a value of 830 kg / m³, corresponding to a specific volume of 1.2 cm³ / g, paper with a weight per unit area of ​​80 g / m 2 is approx. 100 µm thick.

Substance classes

Papers and boxes with bleached pulp:

material Designation / use former name
made exclusively with rag pure rag, super fine, banknotes SK 1
with at least 10% rag ragged, fine, maps SK 2
with a maximum of 5% woody fibers, but without the use of wood pulp wood-free, medium-fine, offset paper SK 3
with at least 25% wood pulp slightly woody, belordinary, magazines SK 4
with at least 40% wood pulp concept, typewriter paper SK 5
with at least 55% wood pulp wood-containing, vulgar, web offset SK 6
with at least 70% bleached wood pulp Newspaper printing SK 7
up to 5% woody fibers, without wood pulp wood-free, paper bags SK 8
with 20% wood pulp weak wood content, wrapping paper SK 9
with 40% wood pulp wood-containing, natural wrapping paper SK 10
with 55% wood pulp strong wood content, booklet covers SK 11
made from 60% waste paper Ordinary, gray pack, corrugated cardboard SK 12
made of 100% waste paper Recycled paper SK 15

For all substance classes (SK), the substance composition that can be determined in the end product is decisive.

According to DIN 6730, wood-containing papers are divided into 6 classes:

Material class I: 75% wood pulp unbleached, 25% pulp unbleached
Material class Ia: 75% wood pulp bleached, 25% pulp unbleached
Material class II: 70% wood pulp bleached, 30% cellulose up to half unbleached
Material class III: 70% wood pulp, 30% pulp bleached
Material class IV: 60% wood pulp, 40% pulp bleached
Material class V: 40% wood pulp, 60% unbleached pulp
Material class VI: 20% wood pulp, 80% pulp bleached

See also

  • Cardboard (material) , with a list of cardboard types
  • Edible paper (not paper, but a candy)
  • Tyvek (a synthetic fiber fleece with paper-like properties)
  • ISO 12647 , standard for coloring standards, standard papers and process control methods

literature

  • German standard DIN EN ISO 536 Paper and cardboard - Determination of the mass per unit area , Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, August 1996
  • Birgit Althaus: The book dictionary: reference work for book makers and book lovers. Area, Erfstadt 2004, ISBN 3-89996-256-7 .
  • Werner Baumann, Herberg-Liedtke: Paper chemicals: data and facts on environmental protection. Volume 2, Springer, 1994, ISBN 978-3-540-56269-6 .
  • Jürgen Blechschmidt: Paperback of paper technology. 2nd edition, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig, 2013, ISBN 978-3-446-43802-6 .

Web links

  • Paper lexicon at zfamedien.de, accessed on October 15, 2016.
  • Paper ABC at vdp-online.de, accessed on October 15, 2016.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bavarian Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry: "From old to new" interesting facts about the waste paper - LWF its current 89 . on www.lwf.bayern.de .
  2. ↑ Jürgen Blechschmidt (Ed.): Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig in Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd, updated edition 2013, pp. 37–39.
  3. ↑ Otto Wurz: Paper manufacture based on modern knowledge. Graz, Vienna 1951, p. 229.
  4. ↑ Cf. Otto Lueger (Hrsg.): Paper types in: Lexicon of the entire technology . 2nd edition 1904–1920. Quote:
    “Types of paper are classified according to the country of production, the type of use, their excellent properties, their similarity to other substances and products, the raw material they are made of, the substance or material with which they are connected , named after the production method, after special, adhering characteristics, etc. "
  5. ↑ a b Lexicon of Paper Types, in: Jürgen Blechschmidt (Ed.): Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik , Fachbuchverlag Leipzig at Carl Hanser Verlag, 2nd, updated edition 2013, pp. 39–51.
  6. ↑ Uncoated papers / coated papers grasl.eu
  7. ^ Max Zieger: Paper Science. An introduction for paper converters . Leipzig 1952. p. 59.
  8. ↑ Straw paper with reference to the article paper in Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, 4th edition (1857–1865) on zeno.org.
  9. ↑ Velor paper in the art lexicon of PW Hartmann, beyars.com
  10. ^ Weight per unit area, DIN EN ISO 536 paper and cardboard - determination of the mass per unit area , Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, August 1996.