Langenberg (Rhineland)

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Langenberg
City of Velbert
Coat of arms of Langenberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 21 ′ 7 ″  N , 7 ° 7 ′ 18 ″  E
Height : 149 m
Area : 19.79 km²
Residents : 15,637  (Jun 10, 2020)
Population density : 790 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 42555
Area code : 02052
Langenberg (Velbert)
Langenberg

Location of Langenberg in Velbert
View from the Bismarck Tower to Langenberg

Langenberg is a district of Velbert in the Mettmann district in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia . Langenberg currently has 15,637 inhabitants (as of June 10, 2020).

geography

Geographical location

The Velbert district is located at the confluence of the Hardenberger Bach , which comes from Neviges from the south , and the Deilbach , which comes from the south-east and continues to flow into the Ruhr via Kidneyhof and Essen-Kupferdreh . In earlier times, the Deilbach formed the border between the Prussian county of Mark and the Duchy of Berg , now Rhineland and Westphalia, in Langenberg .

Townscape

The old town in winter
Roofs and steeple
Flea market in the main street

Three valleys emanate from the center of Langenberg. The local sports facilities, the grammar school , the free, integrative Waldorf school called Windrather Talschule and the Nizzabad , a popular indoor swimming pool, are located in the Nice Valley . The outdoor pool was not reopened by the city of Velbert in 2012 for cost reasons, it was demolished and converted into a lawn for the indoor pool.

Langenberg has three churches. The "old church" in the center of the village, the Protestant parish church, was built in 1726 in the style of Bergisch churches and has a carved pulpit in the sound cover from 1731. The red brick Catholic Church of St. Michael, built in 1899, is a few hundred meters away directly on the Deilbach located.

The "New Church" was built in 1877 in neo-Gothic style based on a design by Julius Carl Raschdorff , the architect of the Berlin Cathedral . This listed building has not been used as a place of worship since the late 1970s and has been available as an "event church" for events since 2001.

The narrow center of Langenberg has been relieved of through traffic since 2002 by the 486 meter long Velbert-Langenberg tunnel , which bypasses the town center under the Eickeshagen mountain.

In 1998 the district of Langenberg was declared a “ book town ”, in which some antiquarian bookshops offer more or less old books.

history

The name Langenberg was first mentioned in 1220 as "Langenberge"; it was a farm belonging to the lordship of Hardenberg in today's Neviges. In 1265 the local church was assigned a parish administrator , from which one can already deduce a certain importance of the place.

The narrow valley and the poor soil offered unfavorable conditions for agriculture, but the border location on the Deilbach created a transition and trading center in Langenberg. The trade in goods made of metal and textile products formed the basis for the development of the place. Langenberg traders mainly sold linen from the 14th century to far into other German regions, into the Rhineland and Central Germany. At the end of the 16th century, the congregation converted to the Reformed faith. In the 17th century, Langenberg merchants and their trading companies were represented at the trade fairs in Frankfurt , Leipzig and Hamburg. In 1711, Jürgen Dahlmann, who was born in Langenberg and became very prosperous in Lübeck, donated the capital to found a Latin school, today's Langenberg grammar school .

The Hardenberger Bach and the Deilbach were used early for energy generation . In addition to grinding bowls and copper hammers , oil , grain and paper mills were built . One of the largest paper mills in Germany was located in Langenberg. The silk industry operated in the publishing system since the 18th century , which employed countless house weavers in a wide area, led to the flourishing of the place . In addition to silk fabrics and shawls, ribbons were also woven. The finishing of the yarns and fabrics was also carried out by local dye works. It was not until very late, in the last quarter of the 19th century, that mechanical weaving mills were built and with it the transition to the actual industrial production of silk. Before the First World War, Langenberg was one of the richest places in Prussia in terms of population. Numerous villas, but also the rich ecclesiastical, social and cultural foundations such as the community center built from 1913 testify to the prosperity and civic commitment of the entrepreneurial families.

The Hordtberg with the Langenberger transmitter, in front Hardenberger Bach, on the right a community center

Since the start of hard coal mining on the Ruhr, coal drivers with their pack animals crossed the place in large numbers, which transported the coal to the industrial Wupper region. In 1828 the first German railway stock corporation , the Prinz Wilhelm Railway Company , was founded with the participation of Langenberg merchants . The first section between Hinsbeck (Essen- Kupferdreh ) and Leberhof was inaugurated in 1831, although it was initially operated as a horse-drawn tram until 1844 . By 1847 the railway line from Steele (today Essen-Steele) to Vohwinkel (today Wuppertal-Vohwinkel) via Langenberg and Neviges was expanded as a standard gauge railway in steam operation . The railway company was based in Langenberg and also operated a repair shop there. Economically, the company was a failure and was part of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahngesellschaft.

Since the French era , Langenberg has belonged to the Hardenberg mayor in the Prussian administrative district of Düsseldorf . With regard to the representation in the provincial estates of the Rhine province , Langenberg was assigned to the state of the cities and also called itself "city", but did not form a city in the sense of administrative law. In 1856, the mayor's office of Hardenberg was given the Rhenish Town Code as the municipality of Langenberg with Hardenberg . After many years of efforts by its citizens, Langenberg achieved the communal separation from the more rural surrounding area on February 11, 1859 and was raised to a separate city mayor's office outside of the mayor's office and rural community of Hardenberg. Due to the location of Bergisch Langenberg , some leading companies moved to the Märkisch side of the Deilbach (Märkisch Langenberg) in the course of the 19th century , which led to a migration of taxpayers. Not least because of this, the Westphalian municipality of Oberbonsfeld was incorporated on April 1, 1881.

The first local newspaper, the Zeitungs-Bote , appeared in 1849. Since 1927, Langenberg has been the location of the Langenberg radio station, built in 1926 for ultra-short wave , television and until 2015 also for medium wave .

From 1912 to 1946 the Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse (WBK) Bochum operated a magnetic control room in the school garden of the Vossnacker School .

During the Weimar Republic , Langenberg was the starting point for a political affair. On September 21 and 22, 1929, the state associations of Rhineland and Westphalia of the right-wing Stahlhelm - Bund der Frontsoldaten held in Langenberg and the surrounding area an illegal large-scale maneuver called an "terrain game" in which around 3,000 Stahlhelm members took part. This resulted in the so-called Langenberg ban of October 9, 1929, which was decreed by the Prussian Interior Minister Albert Grzesinski and which included the ordered dissolution of the West German steel helmet (regional associations Rhineland and Westphalia). From this a solid political scandal developed, which was discussed controversially in the domestic and foreign press for months and even preoccupied the Reichstag in Berlin. The ban was lifted on July 16, 1930.

During the Second World War , Langenberg was a hospital town; Nevertheless, on the fringes of the air raids on the larger surrounding cities, also in Langenberg, individual bombs repeatedly fell. There were also civilian casualties to complain about.

Two Allied bombers crashed in Langenberg during World War II.

American artillery shelled the city on April 15 and 16, 1945 . The town hall and several other buildings suffered considerable damage and 37 citizens lost their lives. On the evening of that day Langenberg was occupied by the Americans and became part of the Rhine Province Military District .

The Americans left the city on June 13, 1945, and on July 17 of the same year Langenberg received a British commander with a crew of 150 men. Several long-established companies were dismantled .

Langenberg achieved nationwide fame in specialist circles in the 1970s through the area renovation planned on behalf of the administration, which was based on the demolition of most of the historical buildings and aimed at optimized traffic management and modern living conditions. The city systematically bought old half-timbered houses in order to tear them down. The slopes around the town center should be built with terraced houses. At that time fierce resistance formed in the citizenry.

Langenberg's independence ended on January 1, 1975 with the regional reform of North Rhine-Westphalia. With the "Düsseldorf Law" of September 10, 1974, the previous cities of Velbert, Langenberg and Neviges were dissolved and, with further changes in area, merged into a new municipality under the name Velbert. Houses that had not yet been demolished were given back to those willing to renovate at a symbolic price. A design statute was issued for the comparatively well-preserved townscape and the town center was designated as a monument area.

The former glider airfield on the Wallmichrath

On the Wallmichrather heights there was a glider flying site from 1928 to 1952, which in the 1930s was of supraregional importance both for the city of Langenberg and for gliding. In 1928, glider pilots from the “Luftfahrtverein Ruhrtal” from Kupferdreh began flying at the Wallmichrath glider airfield . Two aviation homes with hangars for gliders were built there and the infrastructure of the airfield was developed. From then on, Wallmichrath developed into a popular family excursion destination. In the 1930s, the city of Langenberg advertised its celebrities and assets with the slogan "Silk - Sender - Glider Flight".

In 1933, the air sports clubs were merged in the course of the national socialism conformity and from 1937 the National Socialist Air Corps ( NSFK ) had organizational sovereignty. This gave glider training a pre-military character. The Wallmichrath was actively flown until around 1944, then flight operations were discontinued due to the increasing effects of the war.

After the flight ban was lifted in 1951, glider aviation began again on Wallmichrath. However, since the infrastructure was barely available due to the effects of the war and the terrain was dependent on the outdated rubber rope launch, flight operations were finally stopped in 1952.

politics

coat of arms

former Langenberg coat of arms

Blazon : "Under a blue shield head, inside a silver three-mountain with a flat bottom and deep valleys, in silver growing from a blue three-mountain, a symmetrical oak tree with two side branches, eight leaves and five acorns."

Declaration of coat of arms: The three mountains of the towns (Eickeshagen, Frohnberg and Hordtberg) with the valleys of the two rivers are symbolically represented at the top . Already when the congregation was reformed , it adopted a seal that showed an oak as a symbol for the Eickeshagener Berg, on which the first church was built. This oak adorns the middle part of the coat of arms. The coloring is based on the coat of arms of the Counts von Berg .

The coat of arms was not granted to the then city of Langenberg until 1929 by the responsible herald's office .

After the incorporation to Velbert in 1975, a new city coat of arms was adopted for Velbert, which takes up elements of the old coat of arms of the three former cities of Velbert, Langenberg and Neviges, in which an oak leaf represents Langenberg.

traffic

Crossroads in front of the entrance to the Langenberg tunnel (east portal)

Local public transport

Langenberg is connected to Essen (further via Bottrop to Haltern) in the north and Wuppertal in the south by the S 9 S-Bahn , which runs on the historic Prinz-Wilhelm-Eisenbahn ( Wuppertal-Vohwinkel-Essen-Überruhr line ) . In December 2019, the Wupper-Lippe-Express was added to Wesel and Wuppertal, which runs every hour Monday to Friday, while S-Bahn traffic has been reduced. The line was completely expanded and electrified to double track in 2003 after diesel locomotives had previously operated here. The Velbert-Langenberg train station is in the center of the village. The scheduled travel time is 22 minutes to Essen main station and 26 minutes to Wuppertal main station . There are also bus routes to the city center of Velbert , to the Neviges district, as well as to Wuppertal and Hattingen. The VRR tariff applies on all lines and the NRW tariff applies to all network areas .

Road traffic

The Langenberg junction is on the A 44 . It connects Langenberg with Essen and Heiligenhaus and probably from 2018 also with the state capital Düsseldorf , its airport as well as Krefeld and Mönchengladbach . The A 535 links the A 44 ( Velbert-Nord triangle ) with the A 46 ( Sonnborner Kreuz ) in Wuppertal. The A 535 can also be reached from Langenberg via the Tönisheide junction.

Attractions

Buildings, churches and parks

  • Historic city center around the old church with half-timbered houses from the 16th to 18th centuries: Langenberg takes part in the funding program of the State of Historic City Centers in North Rhine-Westphalia . A wreath of manufacturers' villas, mostly in large gardens, has been preserved around the old town center. Well-known architects from outside were brought in for the design. The townscape-defining villas with their gardens were excluded from the scope of the “historic city center”.
  • Old church , hall church for the Reformed community in the Bergisch Baroque style, rebuilt in 1725 according to plans by the master builder Johann Michael Moser from Unna , including the Gothic choir closure from the 15th century. The richly carved pulpit with sound cover is the work of the carpenter Arnold Wilhelm Beckmann and represents the position of the word in the Reformed Church in place of a high altar. The tower with the characteristic onion dome was completed in 1751.
  • Catholic Church of St. Michael , built from red brick in a neo-Gothic style in 1899–1900 on the site of a previous building from 1725, the architect was Prelate Joseph Prill from Essen .
  • New Church - today it is an "event church" - built in 1877 according to plans by Julius Carl Raschdorff on the occasion of the unification of the Lutheran and Reformed parishes, is a neo-Romanesque sandstone building. In 1899 the interior was redesigned by the Elberfeld office of Cornehls and Fritsche from Elberfeld. After 1979 the church use was given up and there were efforts to demolish it; it was rededicated as an event space in 2001 after extensive renovation and redesign.
  • Stiller Park , a former cemetery of the Reformed community with numerous historical gravestones, laid out in 1808 as a replacement for the burial place around the old church. The morgue was built in 1887 according to plans by Carl Schellen.
  • New Protestant cemetery with cemetery chapel , from 1905, it is a donation from Adalbert and Sophie Colsman to the parish. The cemetery chapel is built in neo-Romanesque style, there is a war memorial for the fallen from 1914–1918 and the honorary grave for the donors by architect Arno Eugen Fritsche from Elberfeld. The cemetery as a “reform cemetery” was landscaped by garden architect Reinhold Hoemann from Düsseldorf, with the assistance of Erwin Barth . A war cemetery for the dead of the Second World War can be found there.
  • Former town hall in Hauptstrasse 94, built in 1870 by master builder Wilhelm Bovensiepen from Kupferdreh under Mayor Frowein; it is a brick building in the arched style.
  • Former district court at Hauptstrasse 112, built in 1878 by architect Julius Carl Raschdorff from Cologne, it is a brick building with elements of the neo-renaissance.
  • Bürgerhaus , a gift from Adalbert and Sophie Colsman to the city of Langenberg, built between 1913–1917, the architect was Arno Eugen Fritsche. The large hall is equipped with a concert organ, the small hall is the Bergisch room. There used to be a sports hall in the basement.
  • United Society in Hauptstraße 84, it is the society house of the association of the same name founded in 1798, the front building shows neo-renaissance forms, was built in 1895, architects were Plange and Hagenberg. The ballroom behind is older, it was built in 1873 according to plans by Wilhelm Bovensiepen.
  • Municipal bathing establishment at Vogteier Straße 28, built in 1897 with funds from the citizens, is now a youth center.
  • Former Reichsbank branch on Kamperstrasse, built in 1908; the planning was done by Reichsbank construction director Julius Habicht from Berlin. It is a high quality building with influences from the Neuberg style.
  • Bismarck tower on the Hordtberg, built in 1905/1906 according to plans by Arno Eugen Fritsche.
  • Rundfunksender Langenberg : Two earthed transmitter masts, equipped with fish trap antennas for medium wave, 303.7 meters and 170 meters high. They serve as transmitting antennas for radio in the VHF range and for the distribution of television programs; Medium wave broadcasting was also broadcast until 2015.

Villas

Selection in chronological order of origin:

1801 to 1850

  • In the Quellental , Hauptstrasse 124, a classicist villa with two side wings, built between 1820 and 1821 by the versatile silk manufacturer and dyer Adolf Köttgen the Elder, based on his own designs. The villa was the home of the painter Gustav Adolf Köttgen . Abandoned after the monument protection was lifted in 2012; only the pillars of the entrance porch were preserved.
  • Kleiner Rosenberg , Hauptstrasse 101, built in 1824 for silk manufacturer Peter Dietrich Conze, a classicist villa with two side pavilions, the central building was increased by one storey in 1900.
  • House Neuborn , Hauptstrasse 29, built 1841–1842 for Eduard Colsman, the builder was Christian Heyden from Barmen. The garden plan was made by Maximilian Weyhe in 1842, as was the “Berggarten” from 1846; the garden was later changed by Rosarius.
  • In der Au , Hauptstrasse 8, built 1847–1849 for Johann Wilhelm Colsman the Younger; the builder was Anton Schnitzler from Düsseldorf ; in 1887, renovations for Adalbert and Sophie Colsman were carried out by master builder Carl Schellen from Cologne . In the walled garden there is a slate garden house of the Bergisch Rococo and a wooden tea house of the classicism from the previous gardens . A unique palm house with a grotto by builder Carl Schellen has now fallen into serious disrepair. The garden was changed a lot after 2002 and is now partly a parking lot.
  • Talhof , Hauptstrasse 33, a late Classicist hipped roof building, built in 1850 for Gottfried Feldhoff, builder unknown, perhaps Anton Schnitzler . Renovations and extensions were carried out in 1912 by the architect Heinrich Plange from Elberfeld. The extensive park, which formerly spanned the Deilbach, is now fragmented by Joseph Clemens Weyhe .

1851 to 1900

  • In Erker , Hauptstrasse 23, there is a red brick building, built in 1860 by master builder Wilhelm Bovensiepen from Kupferdreh for Friedrich Colsman. The baroque summer house was demolished in 2002.
  • Villa Feldhoff , Pannerstraße 6, a yellow brick building, built for Ernst Feldhoff in 1866 by master builder Wilhelm Bovensiepen.
  • White House , Hauptstrasse 19, a late Classicist villa, built in 1865 for Wilhelm Colsman-Bredt, the architect was Friedrich Hitzig from Berlin. In 1903 Arno Eugen Fritsche carried out renovations . The former large garden is now built on.
  • Großer Rosenberg , Hauptstrasse 103, is a neo-renaissance villa built in 1874 for Gottfried Conze, the architect was Julius Carl Raschdorff .
  • In the sunshine , Hauptstrasse, a country house style villa, built in 1878 by architect Julius Carl Raschdorff for Hermann Colsman. The villa is the home of the art collector Gertrud Osthaus, nee Colsman.
  • Rotes Haus , Hauptstraße 29, is a neo-renaissance style villa, built between 1884 and 1885 by the architect Hermann Otto Pflaume from Cologne for Andreas Colsman. The preliminary drafts come from Wilhelm Böckmann and Hermann Ende from Berlin and Julius Carl Raschdorff.
  • Villa Hecking , Klippe 6, a country house style villa, built for Julius Hecking in 1897 by architect Walter Solbach from Elberfeld.
  • Villa Conze , Klippe 6, a country house style villa, built in 1899 for Gottfried Conze junior, the architect was Heinrich Plange.
  • Im Duhr , Donnerstrasse 39, is a country-style villa built in 1900 by architect Arno Eugen Fritsche for Paul Colsman. There is a large park-like garden by garden architect Rosarius from Cologne.
  • Villa Grüneck , Gröndelle 8, is a tower villa in the German Renaissance style, built between 1900 and 1904 by architect Walter Solbach from Elberfeld for Otto Münker.

1901 to 1950

  • Villa Berghaus , Brinker Weg 1, a country house style villa, built in 1901 by the architect Rudolf Schnell from Barmen.
  • Haus Landfried , Donnerstraße 26, is a country house style villa, built in 1902 for Peter Lucas Colsman, the architect was Heinrich Plange, the garden was designed by garden architect Rosarius from Cologne.
  • Hohenfriedberg , Hordtstrasse 4–8, is a country house, built in 1905 by architect Arno Eugen Fritsche for Ernst Feldhoff.
  • Haus Wewersbusch , Wewersbusch 15, a country house in the Neuberg style, built in 1905 by architect Hugo Groothoff from Hamburg for Walther Hoddick.
  • Landhaus Markmann , Obere Heeg 11, built between 1912 and 1913 by the architect Eduard Lyonel Wehner from Düsseldorf, it is a villa in the Neo-Berg style with a park-like garden and garden house.
  • Villa Heinrich Colsman , Hordtstraße 2, built in 1913 in a modern country house style by the architect Carl Kuebart from Barmen.

Events

The "Langenberger Candle Magic" is a festival that is held in the upper main street, at the Bürgerhaus, at Kreiersiepen, at Froweinplatz and alternately in the alleys of the rest of the old town. Candles and open fires are set up and musical performances are offered. The evening is organized by the Langerberg retailers and took place on October 5th, 2012 for the tenth time.

Personalities

literature

  • Peter Andreas, Volkmar Wittmütz: Langenberg Trace Reading - Portraits from Three Centuries 1638–1895. Langenberg 1863. (Reprint: Velbert 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813898-0-7 )
  • Alt-Langenberg working group (ed.): Alt-Langenberg. Vertellkes - Stories - Experiences. (Year unknown).
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bartsch: Chronological-statistical representation of the former rule of Hardenberg, current city of Langenberg and municipality of Hardenberg until the end of 1861. Langenberg 1863.
  • Ludwig Bender: History of the former rule Hardenberg in the Bergisch region from prehistoric times to its abolition. Langenberg 1879. ( digital version, University of Düsseldorf )
  • Bergischer Geschichtsverein (Ed.): Velbert - history of three cities. Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-7616-1843-1 .
  • Otto Bürger: Contributions to the local history of Langenberg. Velbert 1989.
  • Citizens' Association Langenberg e. V. (Ed.): Langenberg then and now. Volume 1, G. Tosch Verlag, Essen 1980, ISBN 3-922507-12-3 ; Volume 2: ISBN 3-922507-16-6 ; Volume 3: ISBN 3-922507-17-4 .
  • Julius von Felbert (Ed.): Villas in Langenberg . Scala Verlag, Velbert 2012, ISBN 978-3-9813898-5-2 .
  • Hermann Giersiepen: Langenberg. In: World places of trade and industry. 8th year, volume 50, Berlin 1927.
  • Rose Goldmann: Chronicle of the Langenberg Citizens' Association . Velbert-Langenberg, 2017.
  • Helmut Grau, Marcel Lesaar, Jürgen Lohbeck, Sven Polkläser: Crashed - The story of five Halifax bombers and their crews that crashed in Langenberg, Neviges, Mettmann and Wuppertal during World War II. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2014, ISBN 978-3-9816362-2-2 . ( Short version )
  • Helmut Grau, Josef Johannes Niedworok, Sven Polkläser: Vossnacker school chronicle - two silver groschen for a pupil - 150 local history and a look into the world in the mirror of the Vossnack primary school chronicle . Scala Verlag, Velbert 2015, ISBN 978-3-9816362-3-9 .
  • Carola Groppe: The Spirit of Entrepreneurship - An Educational and Social History. The Colsman family of silk manufacturers 1649–1848. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-412-11004-3 .
  • Siegfried Kley: The parishes of Windrath and Langenberg and the village in the Middle Ages and modern times. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2012.
  • Jürgen Lohbeck: The war on our doorstep - events, experiences, fates in World War II in Velbert, Langenberg and the surrounding area . Scala Verlag, Velbert 2013, ISBN 978-3-9813898-9-0 . ( Short version )
  • Jürgen Lohbeck: silk - transmitter - glider flight. The glider airfield on the Wallmichrath in Langenberg / Rhineland 1928–1952. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2014, ISBN 978-3-9816362-1-5 . ( Short version )
  • Jürgen Lohbeck: The Langenberger Sender 1926 to today - The 90-year history of the landmark of a region in the context of the radio history in Germany. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2016, ISBN 978-3-9816362-7-7 . ( Short version )
  • Jürgen Lohbeck: Velbert, Langenberg and Neviges in the air war 1939–1945 . Scala Verlag, Velbert 2018, ISBN 978-3-9819265-2-1 (short version)
  • Jürgen Lohbeck: Air War in Germany - Brief historical context on Velbert, Langenberg and Neviges in the air war 1939–1945 . Self-published, Velbert 2020, ISBN 978-3-00-065566-1 (short version)
  • Wilhelm Ophüls: Alt-Langenberg. Langenberg Rhld 1936.
  • Siegfried Quandt: Social history of the city of Langenberg and the rural community Hardenberg with special consideration of the period 1850 to 1914. Neustadt an der Aisch 1971.
  • Vitalij Syomin: One sign of the difference. Bertelsmann Verlag, 1978, ISBN 3-570-02006-1 . Sjomin describes in detail in his book on pages 251–400 his experiences as a young forced laborer 1944–1945 in the camp at the Heeger Bridge and in Langenberg companies.

Web links

Commons : Langenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City info - data & facts. On Velbert.de, accessed on July 9, 2020.
  2. ↑ Kultur-Freizeit In: velbert.de.
  3. ^ Siegfried Quandt: Social history of the city of Langenberg and the rural community Hardenberg-Neviges . In: Bergischer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Bergische research . tape IX . Ph. C. W. Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1971.
  4. ^ Official Journal for the Düsseldorf administrative region. 1859, p. 231.
  5. ↑ Entries of the two names on a card from 1862; digitized by dilibri Rheinland-Pfalz
  6. ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster (Westphalia) 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 . It was the first incorporation of a Westphalian municipality across the provincial border into a municipality in the Rhine province.
  7. ^ Jürgen Lohbeck: The Langenberg ban on the steel helmet - Bund der Frontsoldaten from October 9, 1929 - Langenberg as the starting point of an (almost) forgotten affair in the Weimar Republic. In: Historical contributions of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein department Velbert-Hardenberg. Issue 27, Ed .: Bergischer Geschichtsverein Department Velbert-Hardenberg e. V. in connection with the city of Velbert, December 2016, ISBN 978-3-926133-73-1 .
  8. ↑ Jürgen Lohbeck: The war on our doorstep. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2013, pp. 82–99.
  9. ↑ Jürgen Lohbeck: The war on our doorstep. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2013, Chapter 8.
  10. ↑ Helmut Grau, Marcel Lesaar, Jürgen Lohbeck, Sven Polkläser: Crashed - The story of five Halifax bombers and their crews that crashed in World War II in Langenberg, Neviges, Mettmann and Wuppertal. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2014, Chapters 1 and 2.
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 293 .
  12. ^ Jürgen Lohbeck: silk - transmitter - glider flight. Scala Verlag, Velbert 2014, with a comprehensive presentation of the topic.
  13. ^ A44 gap closing between Ratingen-Ost and Velbert. on: strassen.nrw.de
  14. ^ Joseph Prill: The new parish church in Langenberg. In: Journal of Christian Art. No. 1, 1904, Col. 1-12, online at archive.org, accessed January 10, 2017.
  15. ^ Website of the United Society in Langenberg (Rhineland).