Velehrad
| Velehrad | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Zlínský kraj | ||||
| District : | Uherské Hradiště | ||||
| Area : | 2225 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 7 ' N , 17 ° 24' E | ||||
| Height: | 219 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,172 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 687 06 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Staré Město - Salaš | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Mgr. Aleš Mergental (as of 2020) | ||||
| Address: | Hradišťská 231 687 06 Velehrad |
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| Municipality number: | 592790 | ||||
| Website : | www.velehrad.cz | ||||
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Velehrad (German Welehrad , older also Willerat ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers northwest of Staré Město and belongs to the Okres Uherské Hradiště . The place is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the country.
geography
Velehrad is located at the eastern foot of the Mars Mountains in Moravian Slovakia . The village is located in the valley of the Salaška brook above the confluence of the Modranský potok at its confluence with the Salaška and forms a cohesive development with Modrá in the east . To the north rises the hill Hrušová (389 m).
Neighboring towns are Jankovice and Kopaniny in the north, Modrá in the northeast, Staré Město in the southeast, Zlechov and Tupesy in the south, Břestek in the southwest, Chabaně in the west and Salaš in the northwest.
history
Ceramic finds prove an early settlement in the area of the municipality up to 5000 BC. Chr.
At the time of the Moravian Principality , one of the oldest stone Christian church buildings in the country was built east of today's location on the hill above the confluence of Modranský potok and Salaška. The proximity to the city of Veligrad suggests that the apostles Cyril and Methodius later preached in the church . This important settlement became extinct between the 9th and 13th centuries.
In 1205, Margrave Vladislav Heinrich founded the first Moravian Cistercian monastery on the right bank of the Salaška. The Welgrad Monastery was named after the old center of Great Moravia, Veligrad, and was intended to be the burial place of the Margraves of Moravia. At the same time, the settlement of Veligrad was transferred to the monastery. The construction of the monastery was completed after 1240. Farm buildings were built around the monastery, from which the village of Welehrad grew. In 1421 the Hussites burned the monastery down.
The abbot Eckardt von Schwoben initiated the reconstruction of the monastery between 1587 and 1592. In 1623 Gábor Bethlen devastated the monastery during the Thirty Years' War . In 1626 the rebellious Wallachians invaded . The monastery was restored between 1629 and 1635 under Abbot Johann Greifenfels von Pilsenburg. In 1681 a fire destroyed parts of the complex. According to plans by Giovanni Pietro Tencalla , the complex was given its present form between 1685 and 1735. In the course of the Josephine reforms , the monastery was closed in 1784. The Church of the Assumption of Mary became the parish church for the surrounding villages. Two years later, the Neudorf colony was established in the corridors of the monastic sheep farm . In 1826 the rectory was built. The monastery facilities were used for other purposes and fell into disrepair.
After the abolition of patrimonial rule , the political municipality of Velehrad / Welehrad was established in the Hungarian Hradisch district in 1848 . In 1890 the Jesuit order took over the monastery and built a college that was later converted into a grammar school. In 1900 Welehrad had 610 inhabitants. Pope Pius XI elevated the monastery church to a minor basilica in 1927 . Between 1942 and 1945 the grammar school was closed and transferred to the Hitler Youth .
After the Second World War, the Jesuit high school resumed classes. After the Communists came to power, it was closed in 1950 as part of "Aktion K". The 1985 National Pilgrimage in Velehrad turned out to be a manifestation against the communist regime despite the restrictions. The basilica was then awarded the Golden Rose by Pope John Paul II in the same year . In 1990 John Paul II visited the place. The order returned to Velehrad in 1990 and rebuilt the grammar school in 2001. After it was founded by Bishop Jan Graubner , the Stojanovo gymnázium, named after Anton Cyril Stojan , began teaching in 2004.
In 1993 the Czech youth meeting took place in Velehrad, which attracted 8000 participants. In addition to the Jesuits, the congregations of the Sisters of St. Cyril and Method ( Kongregace sester sv. Cyrila a Metoděje ) and the Slovak Sisters of Divine Redemption ( Kongregácie sestier Božského Vykupiteľa ) two other Catholic orders.
coat of arms
Description: In blue, a red and white square, smoothly cut, golden-beaked and thus also tongue- tied eagle head with a golden lily crown .
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Velehrad.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Gottfried Bernhard Göz (1708–1774), Austrian painter
- Josef Valentin Zlobický (1743–1810), Czech philologist and from October 7, 1775 first professor for Czech language and literature at the University of Vienna
Attractions
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Velehrad Monastery
- Basilica of the Assumption and St. Cyril and Methodius, consecrated in 1228 by Bishop Robert of England , the sanctuary was awarded the Golden Rose in 1985
- Marian column at the western monastery gate, erected in 1681
- Plague column from 1715
- Column with a portrait of St. John of Nepomuk
- Statue of Christ on the road to Staré Město from 1703
- Archeoskanzen Modrá at the eastern exit of the village
- Foundation walls of a stone church built at the transition from the 8th to the 9th century with probably the largest baptismal font in Salzburg . The church in Modrá is possibly one of the oldest stone structures in Czech territory
- Church of St. John, at the eastern exit of Modrá, a replica of the original church from the 9th century
- Megalith Králův stůl , north of the village, probably part of an early solar calendar
Web links
- Velehrad - the spiritual heart of Moravia - a contribution by the church historian Prof. Rudolf Grulich