Zillingdorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
market community
Zillingdorf
coat of arms Austria map
Zillingdorf coat of arms
Zillingdorf (Austria)
Zillingdorf
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Lower Austria
Political District : Wiener Neustadt-Land
License plate : WB
Surface: 15.33 km²
Coordinates : 47 ° 51 '  N , 16 ° 20'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 51 '0 "  N , 16 ° 20' 0"  E
Height : 241  m above sea level A.
Residents : 2,063 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 135 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 2491, 2492
Area code : 02622
Community code : 3 23 38
Address of the
municipal administration:
Rathausstrasse 2
2492 Zillingdorf
Website: www.zillingdorf.at
politics
Mayor : Harald Hahn (ZZ)
Municipal Council : ( 2020 )
(21 members)
16
4th
1
16 4th 
A total of 21 seats
  • Current : 16
  • SPÖ : 4
  • FPÖ : 1
Location of Zillingdorf in the Wiener Neustadt-Land district
Bad Erlach Bad Fischau-Brunn Bad Schönau Bromberg Ebenfurth Eggendorf Felixdorf Gutenstein Hochneukirchen-Gschaidt Hochwolkersdorf Hohe Wand Hollenthon Katzelsdorf Kirchschlag in der Buckligen Welt Krumbach Lanzenkirchen Lichtenegg Lichtenwörth Markt Piesting Matzendorf-Hölles Miesenbach (Niederösterreich) Muggendorf Pernitz Rohr im Gebirge Schwarzenbach Sollenau Theresienfeld Waidmannsfeld Waldegg Walpersbach Weikersdorf am Steinfelde Wiesmath Winzendorf-Muthmannsdorf Wöllersdorf-Steinabrückl Zillingdorf Wiener Neustadt NiederösterreichLocation of the municipality of Zillingdorf in the Wiener Neustadt-Land district (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

BW

Zillingdorf is a market town with 2063 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Wiener Neustadt-Land district in Lower Austria .

geography

Zillingdorf is located on the eastern edge of the southern Vienna Basin , on the one hand in the Leithamulde , which strikes from southwest to northeast , a depression between the Steinfeld and the easternmost foothills of the Central Alps , and on the other in the middle of the Wiener Neustädter Pforte , which is parallel to the east , a depression between Rosalien , which is open to the southeast - and the Leithagebirge , which connects the areas of the Vienna Basin and Eisenstadt Bay . The place in Lower Austria is surrounded by Lichtenwörth (south, south-west), Eggendorf (west, north-west) and Ebenfurth (north), on the border with Burgenland by Neufeld (north), Steinbrunn (east), Zillingtal (south-east) and Pöttsching ( South).

The Zillingdorfer Wald is spatially separated from the local boundary, lies on the Hotter Lichtenwörths and is surrounded by Lichtenwörth, Pöttsching and Neudörfl . At its southern tip it is almost touched by Bad Sauerbrunn .

The altitude of Zillingdorf is officially stated in Austria's official maps as 241 m. The bed of the Leitha has a height of 245 m at the entrance to Zillingdorf in the south and 232 m at the exit towards Ebenfurth and Neufeld. In Zillingdorf-Bergwerk the settlement is at about 246 m, the highest point in the area of ​​the spoil heaps of the former lignite mine at 278 m.

geology

From a morphological point of view, Zillingdorf lies in a flat or slightly undulating hill country, which in the eastern border area consists of a slightly elevated pre-ice age sediment plate , the Zillingdorfer Platte , which forms the watershed between Leitha and Wulka . A young Ice Age gravel body (Oeynhausen terrace gravel) connects to the west , while the Leithamulde is covered by alluvion.

Geologically , the area is very young. The Zillingdorfer (or Neufelder ) layers of the Zillingdorfer Platte , which consist of clay, sand and seams with lignite , an inferior soft brown coal , are the oldest with an age of six to eight million years. They occupy the eastern part of the village and are covered by the up to 30 m thick younger Zillingdorfer (or Steinbrunner ) terrace gravel from the earliest Ice Age (more than a million years old). The deposit of the Zillingdorf or Neufelder layers forms the largest lignite deposit in the Vienna Basin. In the east of the area the seams spread out on the surface, to the west they extend beyond the Leitha, but are disturbed by fractures and sunk to a depth of 240 m. The total reserves are estimated at around 100 million tons. Due to impurities as well as high water and sulfur content, the quality of the coal is poor and, due to the irregular seam course, hardly extractable. But in earlier times the deposit was used for mining purposes (see below).

After the Ice Age , the Leitha dug itself a few meters into the layers below, creating the Leithamulde , which was later largely replenished with its own or relocated older gravel and sand. Together with the Schwarza, it forms the main drainage channel of the Vienna basin. The tectonic activity is considerable, and earthquakes occur again and again. The reason for this lies in the subsidence of the Vienna basin that took place in several phases. Zillingdorf is located in the area of ​​the eastern fracture zone on the eastern edge of the Vienna Basin, several small fault lines run through the place from southwest to northeast.

The rough division of the soils in Zillingdorf is relatively simple: Calcareous black soils dominate (wet black earths and Tschernoseme), which have formed on the young river deposits (gravel, sand, alluvial soil) of the Oeynhausen terrace gravel and the Zillingdorf strata. Along the Leitha in the West are on the contrary young Auböden ( Gleye ). Climatically, Zillingdorf lies in the Central European transition area in its Pannonian-continental form.

In terms of cultural geography, Zillingdorf is located in the industrial district of Lower Austria . The area of ​​the market community, which has two cadastral communities with Zillingdorf and Zillingdorf-Bergwerk , covers 15.34 km², 4.27 percent of which is forested.

Community structure

The municipality includes the following two localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Zillingdorf (1233)
  • Zillingdorf Mine (830)

Neighboring communities

history

History of Zillingdorf up to the end of the Middle Ages

The oldest traces of a settlement lead to the 2nd millennium BC. Stool graves from the Wieselburg culture (1800–1500 BC) were found in the district of Zillingdorf-Bergwerk . Flat graves with skeletons from the younger Hallstatt period (600–450 BC) were also found in the Zillingdorf mine . After that, the area was part of the Celtic Kingdom of Noricum and belonged to the surroundings of the Celtic hill settlement Burg on the Schwarzenbacher Burgberg , which was the main town for the entire north-east Noricum .

Later under the Romans, today's Zillingdorf was then in the province of Pannonia . In the area of ​​today's town center there was probably a smaller Roman settlement . Finds from the 1st to 4th centuries AD attest to this. A little later (5th / 6th century) a Roman estate on the northern edge of the town center (towards the Zillingdorf mine) can be proven. There are also some finds from the early Middle Ages (bronze finds from the Avar period , 6th – 8th centuries), then the story darkens. During the High Middle Ages , Zillingdorf was hardly, at best sporadically, inhabited. It was wasteland ( Gyepűelve ) between Austria , Hungary and Styria .

At the end of the 12th century, the Babenbergs , who had ruled Austria since 976, inherited Styria. This led to increased settlement activity in the southeast of Lower Austria . This is how Wiener Neustadt was founded during this time. The Hungarians also intensified settlement activity on their western border. Zillingdorf was probably founded east of the Leitha river at that time . Zillingdorf has always been inhabited by the German-speaking population since the beginning, but politically it belonged to the rule of the Mattersdorf-Forchtensteiner counts and thus to Hungary .

Around 1300 a first church in the village in the style of provincial village gothic was probably built, the current apse still comes from this building. The first documentary mention was on October 13, 1342. In a contract, the sale of a fiefdom in Cyligendorf by the brothers Wulfing and Mathes von Paumgarten to Paul von Mattersdorf and his sister-in-law Margarete is sealed.

In the second half of the 14th century there were political and financial crises among the Mattersdorf-Forchtenstein Counts, which led to the pledging of Zillingdorf and other possessions around 1400. In 1404 the lien came to the richly wealthy Counts of Puchheim in southeast Lower Austria , a family from Upper Austria . Between 1411 and 1415 Albrecht and Georg von Puchheim redeemed the liens and now became the owners of Zillingdorf.

Zillingdorf was still in Hungary, but due to the rule of the Puchheimers, the village was increasingly adapted to the Austrian legal system. In the course of disputes between Emperor Friedrich III. and the Hungarians, the Puchheimers unconditionally sided with the emperor, but their commitment was not honored. The Puchheimers suffered great material losses for which the Kaiser did not compensate them. In 1453, Georg von Puchheim therefore joined the opposition to the emperor; in terms of foreign policy, he relied on increased cooperation with the Hungarians and their King Ladislaus Postumus , who like Emperor Friedrich III. also came from the House of Habsburg . Zillingdorf owed a privilege to King Ladislaus to this cooperation, in which the place was exempted from chamber interest and all extraordinary duties to the king in 1455. This tax privilege led to Zillingdorf's market elevation by the landlord Georg II von Puchheim. In the second half of the 15th century, the most important old legal document of Zillingdorf, the Banntaiding (a kind of "village constitution"), was enacted by the manor.

When in 1459 Friedrich III. was proclaimed the Hungarian rival king, clashes with the Hungarians and their king Matthias Hunyadi (Corvinus) began again . After its end (through the death of Corvinus in 1490), the emperor finally withdrew Zillingdorf from the Puchheimers in 1491 because of infidelity and initially took the place into their own possession. Peace was made in Pressburg with the new Hungarian King Vladislav II . 1493 gave Emperor Friedrich III. in one of the last documents before his death Zillingdorf and the neighboring Lichtenwörth the Augustinian Canons of Wiener Neustadt, who also provided the cathedral chapter at Wiener Neustädter Cathedral. This resulted in a remarkable ecclesiastical political dualism for the place for the next three centuries: the canons of Wiener Neustadt became only the secular lords of Zillingdorf, the parish, however, remained in the Hungarian diocese of Raab ( Győr ).

In political terms, this ends the Hungarian period in Zillingdorf. The place, which was gradually brought closer to the Austrian political and legal system by the Puchheim rule, now finally came to Austria.

History of Zillingdorf since the beginning of modern times

Around 1500 the parish church, which was destroyed in the Corvinus Wars, was restored and a rectory was built. Due to a vacancy in the diocese of Wiener Neustadt , the Order of St. George ruled the village between 1508 and 1522, before Zillingdorf returned to the diocese.

The Turkish wars brought great hardship to the place, in 1529 and probably also in 1532 incursions from the east of Zillingdorf severely affected. In the course of a Hungarian aristocratic uprising, a Protestant Hungarian rebel group set fire to the village in 1605 and destroyed the parish church. The reconstruction of the parish and church in 1614 was financed by Bishop Melchior Klesl . The second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 also caused serious damage: the church, rectory and the rectory side of the market burned down, and numerous people were abducted. A few decades later, rebellious Hungarian troops attacked Zillingdorf again in the so-called Kuruzzenkriegen (1704–1709).

In 1785 the last step was taken to replace Zillingdorf from Hungary. In the course of the church reform of Emperor Joseph II , a new diocesan division took place: the diocese of Wiener Neustadt was dissolved and moved to St. Pölten . Secular power in Zillingdorf was taken over by the government of Wiener Neustadt. The Zillingdorf parish, on the other hand, was separated from the diocese of Raab ( Győr ) and incorporated into the archdiocese of Vienna . This also brought the diocesan borders into line with the political borders.

At the beginning of the 19th century, French troops visited Zillingdorf twice during the Napoleonic Wars (3rd and 5th  coalition wars , 1805 and 1809). In the course of the revolution of 1848/49 , the municipality of Zillingdorf received self-government, as a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise and the December Acts of 1867, a lively club life developed in the village, especially the volunteer fire brigade (1874) and a music club (1877), after a church choir established itself in the first half of the century. Between 1873 and 1912 the Vienna Association of Children's Friends ran a children's asylum for orphans in Zillingdorf.

Zillingdorf (top right) and the surrounding area around 1873 (recording sheet of the regional survey )

Lignite has probably been mined in Zillingdorf since the 17th century . There is clear evidence of mining from the 19th century. There were changing owners, for a long time it was owned by the brick barons Alois Miesbach and Heinrich Drasche . The lignite obtained in this way was transported on via the Wiener Neustädter Canal , mainly to the brickworks south of Vienna and to Sopron (Ödenburg). After Drasche lost the lease rights to the shipping canal around 1870, he also gave up coal mining. In 1912 the municipality of Vienna acquired the coal mining company in Zillingdorf-Bergwerk. The lignite coal was brought to Ebenfurth by train and converted into electricity in the Ebenfurth steam power station . The mining industry, which reached its peak in the 1920s and employed up to 1,000 people, had to be closed in 1931 for economic reasons. Today two bathing lakes still remind of the two opencast mines.

During the First World War (1914–1918), numerous Zillingdorfer fell, many were taken prisoner of war. With the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy , Zillingdorf temporarily became a border town until 1921, when Burgenland became part of Austria. During the Second World War , even more people from Zillingdorf fell; violent air raids on Wiener Neustadt from 1943 onwards caused massive damage in Zillingdorf, which at the end of the war also became a front site and thus a scene of acts of war. After the world war, Zillingdorf came under Soviet occupation until 1955. Reconstruction and democratic development began in 1945.

To the east of Zillingdorf is the Zillingdorf coal mine (top left) and the municipality of Zillingtal in Burgenland

Place name

After its first mention of Zillingdorf as Cyligendorf in documents, it appears under different, similar names: Cylindorph , Zilendorff , Zilgendorf , Ziligendorff , Ziligensdorf , Zyllingdorf , Ziliendarff , Zilindorf , Zilingdorf and Zillendorf .

The meaning of the ending -dorf has to be clearly clarified: It developed from the Old High German Þurfa , a name for a homestead, a building or a place of residence. Later, the meaning changes to building group or group settlement.

There are different approaches to the meaning of Zilling , but no final clarification. The most likely derivation of the place name from the Old High German word zilic , which means small or moderate. From a factual point of view, this interpretation is very conclusive, since Zillingdorf has always been a relatively small village between the much larger settlements of Lichtenwörth and Ebenfurth. Only language geography speaks against this theory, as there is no other evidence for this expression in the southern German-Bavarian language and dialect area.

Modern linguistics sees Zillingdorf as a “village named after a woman named Zilge”, explaining Zilge as the Bavarian short form of the Latin given name Cäcilia . According to this, Zillingdorf would be the “village of Cecilia”. However, this definition appears problematic for three reasons: First, there is no reference to a landlady named Cäcilia or Zilge in the previously known documents in the vicinity of the village between the 10th and 13th centuries. Second, medieval place names after female persons (except saints) practically do not occur at all. And thirdly, naming after a Cäcilia is also almost impossible in the church sector: There are no Cäcilienkirchen in Austria from the High Middle Ages and only very few Cecilia chapels from later times. In addition, the parish church of Zillingdorf is dedicated to St. George , a very frequent patronage in the High Middle Ages, especially when stately churches were founded.

A topographical interpretation of the place name would also be objectively logical : The Middle High German word zîle means border , and Zillingdorf has been a border town for centuries. However, this digit later changes to "line". Therefore, for linguistic reasons, an explanation of the village name from the border location is not possible.

Equally inaccurate is the word explanation Zillingdorf uttered in some places as a twin village (with the "twin settlement " Eggendorf on the other bank of the Leitha), although the name Kétikka ("the two Eggendörfer" for Zillingdorf and Eggendorf), which was common in Hungarian times , could indicate this ( két means " both "or" double ").

population

The following table clearly shows the demographic significance of lignite mining in Zillingdorf-Bergwerk: Between 1912 and 1931, mining was carried out by the municipality of Vienna, which led to a sharp increase in the population during this period. The abandonment of the mining industry started a process of emigration that lasted until the 1990s. Only in the last few years has the population increased again, mainly caused by the process of suburbanization of the greater Vienna area and made possible by the new development of building land by the market town of Zillingdorf.

Population development


religion

According to the data of the 2001 census , 78.1% of the population are Roman Catholic and 4.1% Protestant . 1.8% are Muslims , 0.6% belong to Orthodox churches . 14.9% of the population have no religious denomination.

politics

BW

The municipal council has 21 members.

  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1990, the municipal council had the following distribution: 13 SPÖ and 6 ÖVP.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1995, the municipal council had the following distribution: 11 SPÖ, 5 ÖVP, and 3 Zillingdorf first.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2000, the municipal council had the following distribution: 11 Zillingdorf first, 6 SPÖ, and 2 ÖVP.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2005 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 10 Zillingdorf first, 7 SPÖ, and 2 ÖVP.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria 2010 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 11 Zillingdorf First, 6 SPÖ, and 2 ÖVP. (19 members)
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2015 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 14 Zillingdorf First, 5 SPÖ, and 2 ÖVP.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria 2020 , the municipal council has the following distribution: 16 Zillingdorf First, 4 SPÖ, and 1 FPÖ.
mayor
  • 1945 Ludwig Wisgrill
  • 1945–1953 Ambros Steyrer
  • 1953–1982 Georg Thomschitz
  • 1982–? Karl Teusl
  • since 2004 Harald Hahn (ZZ)

Culture and sights

Economy and Infrastructure

In 2001 there were 35 non-agricultural workplaces, and according to the 1999 survey there were 48 in agriculture and forestry. According to the 2001 census, the number of people in employment at home was 849. In 2001, the employment rate was 49.65 percent.

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

  • Heinrich Zwittkovits: From Cyligendorf to Zillingdorf. Local history of the market town of Zillingdorf - with special consideration of the time up to the connection to Austria at the turn of the modern era . Self-published by the municipality of Zillingdorf, Zillingdorf 2004.
  • Claudia Koglbauer-Elian: Glückauf comrades. On the history of mining in Zillingdorf. Self-published by the market community Zillingdorf, Zillingdorf 2006. (Also: Claudia Elian: On the history of the Zillingdorf lignite mine . Diploma thesis. University of Vienna, Vienna 2003).
  • Gustav Bastl: Cross section through the history of Zillingdorf. Typewritten manuscript for a lecture. Zillingdorf 1981.
  • Franz Zwittkovits: The older local history of Zillingdorf . House work. University of Vienna, Vienna 1958.

Web links

Commons : Zillingdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  2. a b Little Chronicle. (...) Visit to the Zillingdorf mine. In:  Wiener Zeitung , Wiener Abendpost , No. 225/1913, September 30, 1913, p. 3, top left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz.
  3. cf. Walter Steinhauser : The meaning of the place names in Niederdonau . In: Series for Home and People, Issue 45 , St. Pölten, 1941
  4. cf. Elisabeth Schuster: The Etymology of the Lower Austrian Place Names . 3 parts. (= Historical book of place names. ) Series B, 3rd volume. Vienna, 1994
  5. cf. Franz Xaver Schweickhardt von Sickingen: Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns. Volume 7: Quarter under the Vienna Woods. Vienna 1833
  6. ^ Result of the local council election 1995 in Zillingdorf. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 30, 2000, accessed on September 27, 2019 .
  7. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2000 in Zillingdorf. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, February 4, 2005, accessed on September 27, 2019 .
  8. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2005 in Zillingdorf. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 4, 2005, accessed on September 27, 2019 .
  9. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2010 in Zillingdorf. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, October 8, 2010, accessed on September 27, 2019 .
  10. ^ Election result of the 2015 municipal council election in Zillingdorf. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, December 1, 2015, accessed on September 27, 2019 .
  11. NÖN.at. Retrieved March 5, 2020 .
  12. Herbert Stundner: Zillingdorf . In: The Lower Austrian district of Wiener Neustadt and its communities . 2nd Edition. Lower Austria. Verlag GesmbH, Wiener Neustadt 1996, p. 275 .