George Emil Palade

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George Emil Palade
File:George Emil Palade.jpg
Dr. Palade won the Nobel Prize in 1974.
BornNovember 19, 1912
Iaşi, Romania
DiedOctober 7, 2008(2008-10-07) (aged 95)
NationalityRomanian
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materCarol Davila School of Medicine
Known forRough ER
Awards1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Scientific career
Fieldscell biologist

George Emil Palade (November 19, 1912 – October 7, 2008) was a highly regarded Romanian cell biologist. In 1974, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve, for his discoveries concerning the structure and function of organelles in biological cells. Dr. George E. Palade also received the U.S. National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences for " pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells... " in 1986.

Biography

George Palade received a M.D. in 1940 from the Carol Davila School of Medicine of the University of Bucharest, Romania. He was a member of the faculty of that famous school until 1945 when he went to the United States for postdoctoral studies. There, he joined Prof. Albert Claude at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

Palade was married to Marilyn Farquhar, a cell biologist at the University of California, San Diego.

In 1952, Palade became a naturalized citizen of the United States. He was a Professor at the Rockefeller Institute (1958-1973), Yale University Medical School (1973-1990), and University of California, San Diego (1990-2008). [1]

In 1970, he was awarded[2] the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University together with Renato Dulbecco co-winner of 1974 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discoveries concerning the functional organization of the cell that were seminal events in the development of modern cell biology.",[3], related to his previous research carried out at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research[4]. His Nobel lecture, delivered on December 12th, 1974, was on the subject of " Intracellular Aspects of the Process of Protein Secretion, "[5], that was published in 1992 by the Nobel Prize Foundation[6] [7]

Alongside the Nobel Award

Dr.George E. Palade received the National Medal of Science in Biological Sciences for "pioneering discoveries of a host of fundamental, highly organized structures in living cells through studies combining electron microscopy and biochemistry. These contributions stimulated the growth of the field of cell biology, which he continues to inspire through his own research and leadership, active collaboration, and the training of new investigators." (Presented by President Reagan at a White House Ceremony on March 12, 1986). [8]

At the Rockefeller Institute, Palade used electron microscopy to study the internal organization of such cell structures as mitochondria, chloroplasts, the Golgi apparatus, and others. His most important discovery was made while using an experimental strategy known as a pulse-chase analysis. In the experiment Palade and his colleagues were able to confirm an existing hypothesis that a secretory pathway exists and that the Rough ER and the Golgi apparatus function together.[9]

His name has become attached to the Weibel-Palade bodies (a storage organelle unique to the endothelium, containing von Willebrand factor and various proteins) which he described together with the Swiss anatomist Ewald R. Weibel (Weibel ER, Palade GE. New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia. J. Cell. Biol. 1964, 23: 101-112).[10]

Dr. Palade's collaborative research in the 60's

The following is a concise excerpt from Dr. George E. Palade's Atuobiography appearing in the Nobel Award documents:[11]

"In the 1960's, I continued the work on the secretory process using in parallel or in succession two different approaches. The first relied exclusively on cell fractionation, and was developed in collaboration with Philip Siekevitz, Lewis Greene, Colvin Redman, David Sabatini and Yutaka Tashiro; it led to the characterization of the zymogen granules and to the discovery of the segregation of secretory products in the cisternal space of the endoplasmic reticulum. The second approach relied primarly on radioautography, and involved experiments on intact animals or pancreatic slices which were carried out in collaboration with Lucien Caro and especially James Jamieson. This series of investigations produced a good part of our current ideas on the synthesis and intracellular processing of proteins for export. A critical review of this line of research is presented in the Nobel Lecture."[12]

References

  1. ^ http://cmm.ucsd.edu/palade/ The home page of (fmr.) Professor George E. Palade at UCSD (USA)
  2. ^ http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/horwitz/
  3. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/
  4. ^ http://www.rockefeller.edu/nobel.html
  5. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html
  6. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.pdf The Nobel Prize Lecture of George E. Palade is in Text Format Pdf 3.78 MB, Copyright©1974 by The Nobel Foundation, ISBN 981-02-0791-3 ,
  7. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/publications/lectures/WSC/physio-71-80.html .
  8. ^ http://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=266
  9. ^ Biological Science
  10. ^ http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/abstract/23/1/101
  11. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-autobio.html
  12. ^ http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/palade-lecture.html

Sources

  • "Tribute to Professor George E. Palade". J. Cell. Mol. Med. 11 (1). Romania: 2–3. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00018.x. ISSN 1582-1838. PMID 17367496. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |month=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Singer, Manfred V (2003). "Legacy of a distinguished scientist: George E. Palade". Pancreatology. 3 (6). Switzerland: 518–9. doi:10.1159/000076328. ISSN 1424-3903. PMID 14730177. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Haulică, I. "[Professor doctor George Emil Palade at 90 years of age]". Revista medico-chirurgicală a Societăţii de Medici şi Naturalişti din Iaşi. 107 (2). Romania: 223–5. ISSN 0300-8738. PMID 12638263. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Tartakoff, Alan M (2002). "George Emil Palade: charismatic virtuoso of cell biology". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3 (11). England: 871–6. doi:10.1038/nrm953. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 12415304. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Motta, P M (2001). "George Emil Palade and Don Wayne Fawcett and the development of modern anatomy, histology and contemporary cell biology". Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia. 106 (2 Suppl 1). Italy: XXI–XXXVIII. ISSN 1122-6714. PMID 11730003. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Farquhar, M G (1999). "Glomerular permeability I. Ferritin transfer across the normal glomerular capillary wall. 1961". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 10 (12). UNITED STATES: 2645–62. ISSN 1046-6673. PMID 10589706. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Raju, T N (1999). "The Nobel chronicles. 1974: Albert Claude (1899-1983), George Emil Palade (b 1912), and Christian Réne de Duve (b 1917)". Lancet. 354 (9185). ENGLAND: 1219. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 10513750. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Sabatini, D D (1999). "George E. Palade: charting the secretory pathway". Trends Cell Biol. 9 (10). ENGLAND: 413–7. ISSN 0962-8924. PMID 10481180. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Motta, P M. "George Emil Palade and Don Wayne Fawcett and the development of modern anatomy, histology and contemporary cell biology". Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia. 103 (2). ITALY: 65–81. ISSN 1122-6714. PMID 9719773. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Porter, K R (1983). "An informal tribute to George E. Palade". J. Cell Biol. 97 (1). UNITED STATES: D3-7. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 6345553. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Tashiro, Y (1975). "[Accomplishment of Drs. Albert Calude and George E. Palade and the birth of cell biology]". Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 20 (1). JAPAN: 74–6. ISSN 0039-9450. PMID 1094498. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • Magner, J W (1975). "Current medical literature". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 64 (1). INDIA: 20–2. ISSN 0019-5847. PMID 1094070. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)
  • "George E. Palade". Triangle; the Sandoz journal of medical science. 9 (6). SWITZERLAND: 229–30. 1970. ISSN 0041-2597. PMID 4927031. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |month=, |laysource=, and |laysummary= (help); Unknown parameter |quotes= ignored (help)

External links

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