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{{Short description|American politician from Maine (1830–1911)}} |
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{{redirect|William Frye}} |
{{redirect|William Frye}} |
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{{redirect|Senator Frye}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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| name = William Pierce Frye |
| name = William Pierce Frye |
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| image = William P. Frye - Brady-Handy.jpg |
| image = William P. Frye - Brady-Handy.jpg |
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| caption = Frye {{circa|1880}} |
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| order = [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]] |
| order = [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]] |
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| term_start = February 7, 1896 |
| term_start = February 7, 1896 |
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| preceded2 = [[James G. Blaine]] |
| preceded2 = [[James G. Blaine]] |
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| succeeded2 = [[Obadiah Gardner]] |
| succeeded2 = [[Obadiah Gardner]] |
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| order3 = [[List of chairmen of the House Republican Conference|Chairman of the House Republican Conference]] |
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| 1blankname3 = Speaker |
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| 1namedata3 = [[Samuel J. Randall]] |
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| term_start3 = March 4, 1879 |
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| term_end3 = March 3, 1881 |
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| predecessor3= [[Eugene Hale]] |
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| successor3 = [[George M. Robeson]] |
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| term_end4 = March 17, 1881 |
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| preceded4 = [[Samuel P. Morrill]] |
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| succeeded4 = [[Nelson Dingley, Jr.]] |
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| office5 = [[Maine Attorney General]] |
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| governor5 = [[Joshua Chamberlain]] |
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| birth_date = September 2, 1830 |
| birth_date = September 2, 1830 |
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| birth_place = [[Lewiston, Maine]] |
| birth_place = [[Lewiston, Maine]], U.S. |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1911|8|8|1830|9|2}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1911|8|8|1830|9|2}} |
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| death_place = Lewiston, Maine |
| death_place = Lewiston, Maine, U.S. |
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| resting_place = Riverside Cemetery |
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| nationality = American |
| nationality = American |
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| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |
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| spouse = |
| spouse = |
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| partner = |
| partner = |
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| relations = |
| relations = [[Wallace H. White Jr.]] (grandson) |
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| children = |
| children = |
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| residence = |
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| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|politician}} |
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| signature = Signature of William Pierce Frye (1830–1911).png |
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| occupation = |
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| profession = [[Law]], [[politics]] |
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| religion = |
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| signature = |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''William Pierce Frye''' (September 2, 1830 |
'''William Pierce Frye''' (September 2, 1830 – August 8, 1911) was an [[Politics of the United States|American politician]] from [[Maine]]. A member of the [[History of the United States Republican Party|Republican Party]], Frye spent most of his political career as a legislator, serving in the [[Maine House of Representatives]] and then [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], before being elected to the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]], where he served for 30 years before dying in office. Frye was a member of the Frye [[List of U.S. political families|political family]], and was the grandfather of [[Wallace H. White Jr.]], and the son of John March Frye. He was also a prominent member of the Peucinian Society tradition. |
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Fry was a leader of the "Old Guard" faction of [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] Republicans, exerting his weight on such important committees as Rules, Foreign Relations, Appropriations, and Commerce. He was best known for supporting the shipping industry, but repeatedly failed to obtain government subsidies. He also supported high tariffs, expansion that sought additional territory and the canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific. He favored the annexation of Hawaii and the acquisition of the Philippine Islands in 1898. President William McKinley appointed him to the peace commission that negotiated the end of the Spanish-American war.<ref>Lewis L. Gould, "Frye, William Pierce" ''American National Biography'' (1999)</ref><ref name="cd">{{cite web |title=S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903 |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/SERIALSET-04562_00_00-001-0001-0000 |website=GovInfo.gov |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=2 July 2023 |page=43 |date=9 November 1903}}</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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[[File:Mrs William P. Frye.jpg|thumb|left|Mrs. William P. Frye]] |
[[File:Mrs William P. Frye.jpg|thumb|left|Mrs. William P. Frye]] |
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Frye was born in [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]], Maine, in [[Androscoggin County, Maine|Androscoggin County]]. He attended public schools there and graduated from [[Bowdoin College]] in [[Brunswick, Maine|Brunswick]] in 1850. Frye studied law and was later admitted to the bar. He began practicing in [[Rockland, Maine]] in 1853 but later returned to Lewiston, and practiced law there. Frye played a role in founding [[Bates College]] in Lewiston and served as a longtime trustee of the |
Frye was born in [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]], Maine, in [[Androscoggin County, Maine|Androscoggin County]]. He attended public schools there and graduated from [[Bowdoin College]] in [[Brunswick, Maine|Brunswick]] in 1850. Frye studied law and was later admitted to the bar. He began practicing in [[Rockland, Maine]] in 1853 but later returned to Lewiston, and practiced law there. While living in Rockland, he married Caroline Spear (1832 - 1900) in February 1853. Frye played a role in founding [[Bates College]] in Lewiston and served as a longtime trustee of the college. Frye received a [[LL.D.]] from [[Bates College|Bates]] in 1881. |
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Frye was a [[United States Electoral College|presidential elector]] in [[1864 United States presidential election in Maine|1864]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13JMAAAAYAAJ|title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography|publisher=James T. White & Company|year=1898|volume=I|location=New York, N.Y.|pages=290–291|language=en|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> |
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Frye served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1861 to 1862 and again in 1867. He was later elected as the mayor of Lewiston, holding that position from 1866 to 1867, when he became the state attorney general. Frye left the attorney general post in 1869. He was elected as a Republican in 1870 to the U.S. House of Representatives. Frye served in the [[42nd United States Congress|42nd Congress]] and the five succeeding Congresses from March 4, 1871, to March 17, 1881, when he resigned after being elected Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of [[James G. Blaine]]. He served over 30 years in the Senate (March 18, 1881 – August 8, 1911), and was reelected in 1883, 1889, 1895, 1901, and 1907. |
Frye served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1861 to 1862 and again in 1867. He was later elected as the mayor of Lewiston, holding that position from 1866 to 1867, when he became the state attorney general. Frye left the attorney general post in 1869. He was elected as a Republican in 1870 to the U.S. House of Representatives. Frye served in the [[42nd United States Congress|42nd Congress]] and the five succeeding Congresses from March 4, 1871, to March 17, 1881, when he resigned after being elected Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of [[James G. Blaine]]. He served over 30 years in the Senate (March 18, 1881 – August 8, 1911), and was reelected in 1883, 1889, 1895, 1901, and 1907.{{r|cd}} |
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During his tenure in the Senate, Frye served as its [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]] from the [[Fifty-fourth United States Congress|54th]]–[[Sixty-second United States Congress|62nd Congress]]. The [[Vice President of the United States|Vice Presidency]] was vacant twice during that time: November 21, |
During his tenure in the Senate, Frye served as its [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]] from the [[Fifty-fourth United States Congress|54th]]–[[Sixty-second United States Congress|62nd Congress]]. The [[Vice President of the United States|Vice Presidency]] was vacant twice during that time: November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901, following the death of [[Garret Hobart]], and September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905, after [[Theodore Roosevelt]] succeeded to the presidency. Frye resigned as president pro tempore due to ill health a couple of months before his death. Electing his successor proved difficult for the Senate, as the Republicans, then in the majority, were split between [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] and [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] factions, each promoting its own candidate. It took several months for a consensus way forward to emerge. At the time of his resignation he had served longer in that position then anyone else, 15 years, 2 months, 21 days. |
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Frye was also the chairman of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration|Rules Committee]] ([[Forty-seventh United States Congress|47th]]–[[Forty-ninth United States Congress|49th Congress]]). Frye also was a member of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation|Commerce Committee]] ([[Fiftieth United States Congress|50th]]–[[Sixty-second United States Congress|62nd Congress]]) and a member of the commission which met in Paris in September 1898 to adjust the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] between the [[United States]] and [[Spain]], ending the [[Spanish–American War]]. |
Frye was also the chairman of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration|Rules Committee]] ([[Forty-seventh United States Congress|47th]]–[[Forty-ninth United States Congress|49th Congress]]). Frye also was a member of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation|Commerce Committee]] ([[Fiftieth United States Congress|50th]]–[[Sixty-second United States Congress|62nd Congress]]) and a member of the commission which met in Paris in September 1898 to adjust the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] between the [[United States]] and [[Spain]], ending the [[Spanish–American War]]. |
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Senator Frye was a charter member of the District of Columbia Society of the [[Sons of the American Revolution]] when it was founded in 1890. |
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Frye died in Lewiston in 1911. He is interred in the Riverside Cemetery. The [[Sen. William P. Frye House]] near [[Bates College]] in Lewiston is on the National Historic Register. |
Frye died in Lewiston in 1911. He is interred in the Riverside Cemetery. The [[Sen. William P. Frye House]] near [[Bates College]] in Lewiston is on the National Historic Register. |
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*[[List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)]] |
*[[List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)]] |
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*[[William P. Frye (1901)]] a ship named after him |
*[[William P. Frye (1901)]] a ship named after him |
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==Notes== |
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==Further reading== |
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{{CongBio|F000398}} |
{{CongBio|F000398}} |
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* Banks, Ronald F. "The senatorial career of William P. Frye." (PhD dissertation, University of Maine at Orono, 1958). |
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* Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Frye, William Pierce (1830–1911)." The [[Political Graveyard]]. [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fryall-fullam.html] |
* Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Frye, William Pierce (1830–1911)." The [[Political Graveyard]]. [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/fryall-fullam.html] |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn2ztr;view=1up;seq=11 William P. Frye, late a senator from Maine, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1913] |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn2ztr;view=1up;seq=11 William P. Frye, late a senator from Maine, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1913] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=William P. Frye |sopt=t}} |
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=William P. Frye |sopt=t}} |
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{{succession box | title=[[Maine Attorney General]] | before=[[John A. Peters (1822–1904)|John A. Peters]] | after=[[Thomas Brackett Reed]]| years= 1867–1869 }} |
{{succession box | title=[[Maine Attorney General]] | before=[[John A. Peters (1822–1904)|John A. Peters]] | after=[[Thomas Brackett Reed]]| years= 1867–1869 }} |
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{{s-par|us-hs}} |
{{s-par|us-hs}} |
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{{US House succession box |
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{{USRepSuccessionBox |
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| state=Maine |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{Republican Party}} |
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[[Category:Maine lawyers]] |
[[Category:Maine lawyers]] |
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[[Category:Bates College alumni]] |
[[Category:Bates College alumni]] |
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[[Category:Bates College]] |
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[[Category:Bowdoin College alumni]] |
[[Category:Bowdoin College alumni]] |
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[[Category:Maine Attorneys General]] |
[[Category:Maine Attorneys General]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives]] |
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[[Category:Mayors of Lewiston, Maine]] |
[[Category:Mayors of Lewiston, Maine]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Maine]] |
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[[Category:Republican Party United States |
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine]] |
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[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives]] |
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[[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate]] |
[[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate]] |
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[[Category:Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:22, 1 November 2023
William Pierce Frye | |
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President pro tempore of the United States Senate | |
In office February 7, 1896 – April 27, 1911 | |
Preceded by | Isham G. Harris |
Succeeded by | Rotating pro terms |
United States Senator from Maine | |
In office March 18, 1881 – August 8, 1911 | |
Preceded by | James G. Blaine |
Succeeded by | Obadiah Gardner |
Chairman of the House Republican Conference | |
In office March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 | |
Speaker | Samuel J. Randall |
Preceded by | Eugene Hale |
Succeeded by | George M. Robeson |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine's 2nd district | |
In office March 4, 1871 – March 17, 1881 | |
Preceded by | Samuel P. Morrill |
Succeeded by | Nelson Dingley, Jr. |
Maine Attorney General | |
In office 1867–1871 | |
Governor | Joshua Chamberlain |
Preceded by | John A. Peters |
Succeeded by | Thomas Brackett Reed |
Member of the Maine House of Representatives | |
In office 1861–1862, 1867 | |
Personal details | |
Born | September 2, 1830 Lewiston, Maine, U.S. |
Died | August 8, 1911 Lewiston, Maine, U.S. | (aged 80)
Resting place | Riverside Cemetery |
Political party | Republican |
Relations | Wallace H. White Jr. (grandson) |
Alma mater | Bowdoin College Bates College (LL.D.) |
Occupation |
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Signature | |
William Pierce Frye (September 2, 1830 – August 8, 1911) was an American politician from Maine. A member of the Republican Party, Frye spent most of his political career as a legislator, serving in the Maine House of Representatives and then U.S. House of Representatives, before being elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served for 30 years before dying in office. Frye was a member of the Frye political family, and was the grandfather of Wallace H. White Jr., and the son of John March Frye. He was also a prominent member of the Peucinian Society tradition.
Fry was a leader of the "Old Guard" faction of conservative Republicans, exerting his weight on such important committees as Rules, Foreign Relations, Appropriations, and Commerce. He was best known for supporting the shipping industry, but repeatedly failed to obtain government subsidies. He also supported high tariffs, expansion that sought additional territory and the canal connecting the Atlantic and Pacific. He favored the annexation of Hawaii and the acquisition of the Philippine Islands in 1898. President William McKinley appointed him to the peace commission that negotiated the end of the Spanish-American war.[1][2]
Biography[edit]
Frye was born in Lewiston, Maine, in Androscoggin County. He attended public schools there and graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick in 1850. Frye studied law and was later admitted to the bar. He began practicing in Rockland, Maine in 1853 but later returned to Lewiston, and practiced law there. While living in Rockland, he married Caroline Spear (1832 - 1900) in February 1853. Frye played a role in founding Bates College in Lewiston and served as a longtime trustee of the college. Frye received a LL.D. from Bates in 1881.
Frye was a presidential elector in 1864.[3]
Frye served in the Maine House of Representatives from 1861 to 1862 and again in 1867. He was later elected as the mayor of Lewiston, holding that position from 1866 to 1867, when he became the state attorney general. Frye left the attorney general post in 1869. He was elected as a Republican in 1870 to the U.S. House of Representatives. Frye served in the 42nd Congress and the five succeeding Congresses from March 4, 1871, to March 17, 1881, when he resigned after being elected Senator to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of James G. Blaine. He served over 30 years in the Senate (March 18, 1881 – August 8, 1911), and was reelected in 1883, 1889, 1895, 1901, and 1907.[2]
During his tenure in the Senate, Frye served as its President pro tempore from the 54th–62nd Congress. The Vice Presidency was vacant twice during that time: November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901, following the death of Garret Hobart, and September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905, after Theodore Roosevelt succeeded to the presidency. Frye resigned as president pro tempore due to ill health a couple of months before his death. Electing his successor proved difficult for the Senate, as the Republicans, then in the majority, were split between progressive and conservative factions, each promoting its own candidate. It took several months for a consensus way forward to emerge. At the time of his resignation he had served longer in that position then anyone else, 15 years, 2 months, 21 days.
Frye was also the chairman of the Rules Committee (47th–49th Congress). Frye also was a member of the Commerce Committee (50th–62nd Congress) and a member of the commission which met in Paris in September 1898 to adjust the Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain, ending the Spanish–American War.
Senator Frye was a charter member of the District of Columbia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution when it was founded in 1890.
Frye died in Lewiston in 1911. He is interred in the Riverside Cemetery. The Sen. William P. Frye House near Bates College in Lewiston is on the National Historic Register.
See also[edit]
- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
- William P. Frye (1901) a ship named after him
Notes[edit]
- ^ Lewis L. Gould, "Frye, William Pierce" American National Biography (1999)
- ^ a b "S. Doc. 58-1 - Fifty-eighth Congress. (Extraordinary session -- beginning November 9, 1903.) Official Congressional Directory for the use of the United States Congress. Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing by A.J. Halford. Special edition. Corrections made to November 5, 1903". GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. November 9, 1903. p. 43. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
- ^ The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Vol. I. New York, N.Y.: James T. White & Company. 1898. pp. 290–291 – via Google Books.
Further reading[edit]
- United States Congress. "William P. Frye (id: F000398)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Banks, Ronald F. "The senatorial career of William P. Frye." (PhD dissertation, University of Maine at Orono, 1958).
- Kestenbaum, Lawrence. "Frye, William Pierce (1830–1911)." The Political Graveyard. [1]
- William P. Frye, late a senator from Maine, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1913
External links[edit]
- 1830 births
- 1911 deaths
- Maine lawyers
- Bates College alumni
- Bowdoin College alumni
- Maine Attorneys General
- Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
- Mayors of Lewiston, Maine
- Republican Party United States senators from Maine
- Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine
- Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
- Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
- 19th-century American lawyers
- 1864 United States presidential electors