Aujols
| Aujols | ||
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| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Lot | |
| Arrondissement | Cahors | |
| Canton | Marches du Sud-Quercy | |
| Community association | Communes du Pays de Lalbenque-Limogne | |
| Coordinates | 44 ° 25 ' N , 1 ° 33' E | |
| height | 131-270 m | |
| surface | 16.43 km 2 | |
| Residents | 364 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 22 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 46090 | |
| INSEE code | 46010 | |
| Website | www.aujols.fr | |
 Former Mayor's Office ( Mairie ) of Aujols |
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Aujols is a French commune with 364 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Lot department in the Occitanie region (before 2016: Midi-Pyrénées ). The municipality belongs to the arrondissement of Cahors and the canton of Marches du Sud-Quercy (until 2015: canton of Lalbenque ).
There are various theories about the origin of the name of the community. It could be derived from the Occitan mas des aujòls ( German Mas of the ancestors ) or denote a sink as a derivation of the Latin word alveolus ( German Mulde ). The old forms of the name, which can be found in the church's inventory lists in the Middle Ages , Aviolibus , Viols or Aviols , suggest a diminutive of the Latin word via ( German way, road ).
The inhabitants are called Aujolais and Aujolaises .
geography
Aujols is located about ten kilometers southeast of Cahors in its catchment area ( Aire urbaine ) in the historic province of Quercy in the Causses du Quercy Regional Nature Park .
Aujols is surrounded by the five neighboring communities:
| Arcambal | ||
| Flaujac-Poujols |
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Esclauzels |
| Laburgade | Cremps |
Aujols lies in the catchment area of the Garonne River . The Tréboulou, a tributary of the Lot , forms the natural border to the neighboring municipality of Flaujac-Poujols to the west.
history
The first mention of the Aujols feud with the Cardaillac family as landlords was in the 13th century. The main line de Bioule of the family and the secondary branches de Saint Cirq and Cieurac paid homage to the cathedral chapter of Cahors for their numerous possessions in the area, Bertrand de Cardaillac-Bioule for the fief of Aujols. The Cardaillac-Bioule family had the castle built in the second half of the 13th century. The situation of the village after the Hundred Years War was similar to that of most of the villages in the Quercy. According to records, the small, once thriving village was devastated and abandoned by its inhabitants. In 1455 Jean de Cardaillac-Saint-Cirq restored the fiefdom before encouraging new residents to settle. In 1543 Antoine de Cardaillac paid homage to the cathedral chapter of Cahors again for Saint Cirq , Cieurac , Concots and Aujols. At the end of the 15th century, the Cardaillac-Bioules lost the manor of Aujols and left the castle. In 1631 Antoine de Fontanges, Seigneur of Laroque-des-Arcs , sold half of the fief. Viticulture played a major role in the economic life of Aujols until the phylloxera infestation in the 1880s, which destroyed all vines. Agriculture partly shifted to the cultivation of truffles , which knew its heyday at the beginning of the 20th century. After the First World War , a decline set in, which can be explained by the loss of know-how and manpower as a result of the war and the rural exodus. This began around 1900 with the connection to the railroad. After World War I, the rural population moved to work in the cities, and in the 1930s the mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for labor.
Population development
After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 670 by the first half of the 19th century. In the following period, the size of the community fell to around 150 inhabitants during short recovery phases until the 1970s, before a growth phase set in continues to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 191 | 166 | 148 | 192 | 197 | 243 | 268 | 319 | 364 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste
The church, consecrated to John the Baptist , belonged to the Bishop of Cahors except from the end of the 14th century until 1475, when the Larroque-Toirac family owned the parish. The church was part of a priory belonging to the cathedral chapter of Cahors and was donated to the Jesuit college of Cahors in 1611 by Bishop Siméon de Popian .
What remains of the Romanesque building is the yoke of the nave , above which the bell tower rises and which dates from the end of the 12th or the beginning of the 13th century. At the instigation of the pastors Cyprien Doucet (1868-1881) and Roquetanière (1881-1907) and on the occasion of the construction of a street, the church was extended to the east to a plan of a Greek cross . In the west, the facade was rebuilt and the bell tower was raised by two levels. The glass windows are signed by Gibert from Montauban .
A stairwell is attached to the south of the bell tower. This is provided with battlements and is crowned by a slimmer part in the style of a belfry . The transept is covered with a dome . The neo-Romanesque apse ends flat.
Many of the church's furnishings , which date from the 17th to 19th centuries, are inscribed as Monument historique .
Castle ruins
The castle was built in the second half of the 13th century on the highest point of the village center. The former residential wing of the castle was in the immediate vicinity of the parish church. A document from 1310 says that the parishioners had to cross the castle to get to the church. The castle was built on the orders of the French King Louis XI. dragged to punish Raymond de Cardaillac, who had sided with his adversary, the Duke of Berry. Since then, only the western and northern walls have remained. The castle ruins are now called Les Crénaux ( German for the battlements ).
At the beginning of the 19th century a country house with two house halves, each with its own external staircase, was built behind the crenellated facade in the interior of the former residential wing. This has already decreased considerably compared to the original dimensions of the medieval building. Based on the pointed arched entrance, which was later obstructed by the building in the 19th century, the reduction in size can be dated to before the 16th century. Despite the later modifications, the medieval building can be reconstructed using the two remaining walls. It had two levels with a width of 15 meters and a depth of 16 meters. A wide ogival door with a small window next to it in the north facade gave access to a first narrow and low hall with three wall niches and at least three small windows. Two other, more distant windows in the facade let light fall into a second partition, which has disappeared today and of which only a partition can be seen today in the wall. Remnants of a second door on the north facade indicate a third room, which may have been a passage in the past. On the first floor, the room was divided transversely so that a hall was created that extended the entire length of the north facade. This assumption is underlined by five, now partially walled up windows, which stand in a row on a continuous window sill and are decorated with oculi in the form of quatrefoils . The facade is completed by the battlements at the top, which were certainly above the roof. A battlement was provided, the access to which is unclear. It can be a protruding hurdle , as some pieces of wood show.
The castle ruin has been inscribed as a monument historique since June 25, 1929 .
Papillon washing areas
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In the 19th century, the center of the community developed away from the medieval location at the parish church and the castle and towards a small lake, which is surrounded by 20 public washing places. The lake was enlarged in 1870 so that the former central washing area appears when the water is low. The name Papillon ( German butterfly ) comes from the V-shape of the lime slab in front of which the person kneeled, mainly to wash large items of laundry. Each family had their own washing area. Once washed, the laundry was spread out to dry around the washing area or on the lawn below. The small lake also served as a drinking trough. The connection of the houses to a fresh water system in the 1950s led to a decline in use.
Economy and Infrastructure
Blue cheese Bleu des Causses
Rocamadour cheese
Aujols is located in the AOC zones of the blue cheese Bleu des Causses and Rocamadour , a cheese made from goat's milk .
total = 33
education
The community has a public primary school with 23 students in the 2018/2019 school year.
traffic
Aujols can be reached via Routes départementales 10, 49 and 911, the former Route nationale 111 .
The Autoroute A20 , called L'Occitance , touches the municipality on the border with the neighboring municipality of Flaujac-Poujols without an exit.
Personalities
André Nouyrit, born on November 17, 1940 in Cahors, is a painter and sculptor. He has lived in Aujols since 1978.
Web links
- Aujols on the Association of Municipalities website (French)
- Website of the Causses du Quercy Regional Nature Park (French)
- Information about the blue cheese Bleu des Causses (French)
- Information about the Rocamadour cheese (French)
- Biography of André Nouyrit (French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Nom des communes et paysage ( fr , PDF) Parc naturel régional Causses du Quercy. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ^ Jean-Marie Cassagne: Villes et Villages en pays lotois ( fr ) Tertium éditions. S. 16. 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Lot ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Aire urbaine de Cahors (162) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Ma commune: Aujols ( fr ) Système d'Information sur l'Eau du Bassin Adour Garonne. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ L'histoire d'Aujols ( fr ) Municipality of Aujols. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Notice Communale Aujols ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune d'Aujols (46010) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: église paroissiale Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) Départemental Lot. October 3, 2013. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ église Saint-Jean-Baptiste ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . April 10, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: château ( fr ) Départemental Lot. January 2, 2015. Accessed May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Mur crénelé dit Les Créneaux (restes) ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . October 13, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Les lavoirs “Papillon” ( fr ) Aujols municipality. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité: Rechercher un produit ( fr ) Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ Caractéristiques des établissements en 2015 Commune d'Aujols (46010) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ^ École élémentaire ( fr ) National Ministry of Education. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
- ↑ André Nouyrit ( fr ) André Nouyrit. Retrieved May 25, 2019.