Bursa

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Bursa
Coat of arms of Bursa
Bursa (Turkey)
Red pog.svg
City of Bursa.jpg
Basic data
Province (il) : Bursa
Coordinates : 40 ° 11 '  N , 29 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 11 '10 "  N , 29 ° 4' 0"  E
Height : 100  m
Residents : 3,056,120 (2019)
Telephone code : (+90) 224
Postal code : 16,000
License plate : 16
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Mayor : Alinur Aktaş ( AKP )
Website:
Template: Infobox Location in Turkey / Maintenance / District Without Inhabitants Or Area

Bursa (from Greek Προύσα Prousa ), formerly Prusa , with 3.05 million inhabitants (as of 2019) is the fourth largest city in Turkey and the capital of the province of Bursa in western Turkey.

geography

Bursa is 90 kilometers south of Istanbul at the foot of the Uludağ Mountains, which used to be called the Bithynian Olympus . All around is a very green landscape with some medicinal sulfur springs . The coast of the Marmara Sea is 20 km away with the Gemlik Bay and 32 km with the town of Mudanya .

population

Results of censuses and population updates

The following tables show the documented population of the city ​​of Bursa .

  • The values ​​in the table on the left are based on e-books (the original documents).
  • The values ​​in the table on the right come from the update by the addressable population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007. They can be called up by a data query from the Turkish Statistics Institute TÜIK
year Population on censor day
total male Female
1927 61,451 30,508 30,943
1935 72,270 35,389 36,881
1940 77,598 36,968 40,630
1945 85,919 42,972 42,992
1950 103.812 not specified !
1955 128,875 64,795 64,080
1960 153,866 77,956 75,910
1965 211,644 107,554 104.090
1970 275,953 140,439 135,514
1975 346.103 179,328 166,775
1980 445.113 226.818 218.295
1985 612.510 311,396 301.114
1990 983.991 498,638 485.353
2000 1,400,158 701.856 698.302
year Population at the end of the year
total male Female
2007 1,710,227 855.487 854.740
2008 1,738,928 869.837 869.091
2009 1,775,921 887.566 888.355
2010 1,821,913 909.408 912.505
2011 1,862,093 931,350 930.743
2012 1,895,323 948.632 946.691
2013 1,938,521 971.006 967.515
2014 1,975,516 989.204 986.312
2015 2,019,573 1,012,238 1,007,335
2016 2,066,421 1,036,948 1,029,473
2017 2,091,331 1,047,854 1,043,477
2018 2.130.032 1,066,627 1,063,405

After the province of Bursa was granted the status of a metropolitan municipality in 1987 by law No. 3391 (enacted on June 18, 1987), the actual core city was divided into seven districts. The values ​​shown from 1990 onwards were determined by adding up these seven city districts.

history

City view of Bursa from Bithynian Olympus, end of the 18th century
Bursa at the end of the 19th century
Bursa Castle

The city was called Prusa or Prusa ad Olympum in antiquity and was founded in 188/7 BC. Founded by King Prusias I of Bithynia .

Since 74 BC BC Prusa was part of the Roman province of Bithynia with all of Bithynia. In 257/8 the city was sacked by the Goths , around this time it was given a city wall. Prusa has been documented as a diocese since 325. In 350 Prusa was Vetranio's place of exile . In Byzantine times, Prusa was known for its thermal baths called Therma basilica in what is now the suburb of Çekirge, and emperors stayed there several times.

Bursa was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1326, when the sultan's son and later Sultan Orhan I conquered the city on April 6th . In 1368 the residence was moved to Edirne . In 1402 Bursa was devastated by the Mongols under Timur Lenk , and a large part of the Ottoman state treasure fell into their hands. The city flourished again under the government of Mehmet I (1413 to 1421). A great fire in 1801 and an earthquake in 1855 damaged parts of the city. After the First World War , Bursa was briefly occupied by France . In the summer of 1920 Greece conquered Bursa for about two years. After the defeat of the Greeks in the Greco-Turkish War in 1922, the city fell back to the Turks. The subsequent Turkish-Greek population exchange after the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 hit the city hard economically.

In the following years, Bursa became one of the most important industrial centers in Turkey and is now the fourth largest city in the country.

Attractions

Great Mosque in Bursa (Ulu cami)
Orhan Gazi Mosque
Silk Bazaar (Koza Han)

Special sights are the tomb of Sultan Mehmed I , the Green Türbe (Yeşil Türbe) , as well as the mosques built between 1380 and 1420 , the Great Mosque (Ulu Cami) , Green Mosque , Hüdavendigar and Orhan Gazi Mosques . The Sephardic Mayor Synagogue dates from the end of the 15th century and was used until 1975.

Also worth seeing are the tombs of the first Ottoman sultans, Osman I and Orhan I , as well as the bazaar , especially the silk bazaar Koza Han .

The 2542 meter high local mountain Uludağ in the Uludağ National Park is the most important winter sports center in Turkey. The ascent by bus or car takes about an hour. Not far from the Yeşil Türbe was the 4817 m long Teleferik (Turkish for cable car), which opened on October 29, 1963 as the first cable car in Turkey , which shortened the travel time to Uludağ to about 20 minutes. Their operations ceased on November 1, 2012. It is planned that a new cable car will be installed.

Bursa is also known for the hot thermal springs in the Çekirge district. The Byzantine Empress Theodora was one of the first known visitors to the thermal springs .

Other attractions are

In 2014, Bursa and Cumalıkızık were added to the Unesco World Heritage List as the birthplaces of the Ottoman Empire .

kitchen

The İskender Kebap was invented in Bursa, and the family of the inventor İskender (Turkish for Alexander) now runs several restaurants in and around Bursa. The candied chestnuts ( Kestane şekeri ) also come from here .

Several mineral water producers are based in Bursa. Bursa is also the traditional headquarters of the Uludağ company , which produces the lemonade of the same name. This drink, called Gazoz , was only made from the spring water of Uludağ until the 1980s.

Industry

Bursa's most important industries are the automotive industry , the steel and textile industry and fruit growing ( Turkish Yeşil Bursa , the green Bursa). There is a natural gas power plant nearby.

  • Textile industry
    • Terrycloth items
    • Silk articles
  • Steel industry
    • Profile steel
    • knife

traffic

The Bursa Metro

Due to its geographical location, Bursa is very well connected to the Turkish road network. The European route 90 and the O-5 motorway , which is a (half) ring motorway around the city, run through and around the city . Due to its economic importance, the city is connected to the Sea of ​​Marmara by a 4-lane expressway . Motorways to Izmir and Istanbul are already partly under construction in 2012.

Ferries connect the suburb of Mudanya on the Marmara Sea with Istanbul. These are operated by the companies IDO (İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri AŞ) and Budo (Bursa Deniz Otobüsleri).

Bursa (like some large cities in Turkey) has no connection to the state railway network . A connection to the Ankara – İstanbul high-speed line is to be implemented in the coming years.

In contrast, the city has a very good inner-city rail network (compared to other major Turkish cities), in which the Bursa light rail system plays a decisive role. Several tram lines are also in operation.

Educational and research institutions

Bursa is the seat of the Uludağ State University ( Uludağ Üniversitesi ) founded in 1975 and the Bursa Technical University, founded in 2010.

Town twinning

A replica of the Sebilj is reminiscent of the city partnership with Sarajevo

Bursa has twenty twinning partnerships . Vinnytsia was the last city with which Bursa was twinned. The date the partnership was founded is in brackets. The city partnerships with Darmstadt and Kulmbach were suspended on February 24, 2017 by Bursa.

Personalities

Climate table

Bursa, Osmangazi (100 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
81
 
10
2
 
 
76
 
11
2
 
 
67
 
14th
4th
 
 
64
 
19th
7th
 
 
42
 
24
11
 
 
37
 
29
15th
 
 
20th
 
31
18th
 
 
13
 
31
18th
 
 
40
 
27
14th
 
 
81
 
22nd
10
 
 
84
 
16
6th
 
 
95
 
11
4th
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010
Average Monthly Temperatures and Precipitation for Bursa, Osmangazi (100 m)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 9.8 10.6 13.9 18.9 23.9 28.5 30.9 31.1 27.2 21.7 15.8 11.4 O 20.4
Min. Temperature (° C) 1.7 1.6 3.5 7.3 11.3 15.4 17.7 17.8 14.0 10.2 5.7 3.5 O 9.2
Temperature (° C) 5.5 5.9 8.4 13.0 17.8 22.5 24.8 24.7 20.4 15.4 10.3 7.3 O 14.7
Precipitation ( mm ) 81.3 76.0 66.9 64.4 41.6 36.9 20.3 12.9 40.4 81.1 83.6 94.8 Σ 700.2
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.9 3.2 4.1 5.4 7.6 9.5 10.2 9.5 7.4 5.1 3.6 2.5 O 5.9
Rainy days ( d ) 13.9 12.6 12.1 11.3 7.8 5.9 3.2 3.1 5.5 9.8 11.4 14.4 Σ 111
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
9.8
1.7
10.6
1.6
13.9
3.5
18.9
7.3
23.9
11.3
28.5
15.4
30.9
17.7
31.1
17.8
27.2
14.0
21.7
10.2
15.8
5.7
11.4
3.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		81.3
76.0
66.9
64.4
41.6
36.9
20.3
12.9
40.4
81.1
83.6
94.8
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Images of Bursa

  • Clock tower in Tophane

  • Zafer Plaza shopping center

  • Silk Bazaar (Koza Han)

  • Bursa Castle

literature

  • Reinhard Stewig : Bursa, Northwest Anatolia . Structural change in an oriental city under the influence of industrialization. Self-published by the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel, Kiel 1970.
  • Theodor Däubler: Brussa . In: Reclams Universum 44.2 (1928), pp. 931-934. With 6 fig.

Web links

Commons : Bursa  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ nufusu.com , accessed April 8, 2017.
  2. ^ Library of the Turkish Statistics Institute TÜIK , available after entering search data
  3. ↑ Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi - MDS (Central Dissemination System) , available after selecting the year, topic and region.
  4. ↑ Ottoman Web Site: Orhan Gazi, Military Achievements (English), accessed on April 5, 2011
  5. ↑ Ulaşım Türkiye (Turkish), accessed on November 1, 2012
  6. ↑ Bugün  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Turkish), accessed on November 1, 2012@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bugun.com.tr  
  7. ↑ UNESCO list of world cultural heritage
  8. ↑ Bursa Otobanı (Çevre Otoyolu) (Turkish), accessed on March 31, 2012
  9. ^ Official website of Bursa: Twin Cities
  10. ↑ HCS-Content GmbH: Bursa heralds an ice age . In: Frankenpost . ( frankenpost.de [accessed on March 28, 2017]).