Curonia goettingensis

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Curonia goettingensis

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Basic data
University location: Goettingen
University / s: Georg August University
Foundation date: August 1, 1959
Corporation association : Kösener Seniors Convent Association
Responsible SC : Goettingen Seniors' Convention
Color status : colored
Colours:
Type of Confederation: Men's association
Motto: Firmly in faithfulness!
Tam on it!

The Curonia Goettingensis is the obligatory corps at the Georg-August-Universität, the current expression of the Göttingen Curonen, which has existed since 1772 . As the heir to the Kurländer connections in Göttingen and Dorpat / Riga (and Posen), it has been the official successor organization to nine German-Baltic student associations since 1959 .

First Curonenconvente in Göttingen

In Göttingen 1772, 1777 and 1781 Courland country teams can be traced. The Kurlanders wore a blue skirt with red petticoats. The collar, skirt and waistcoat were set off in yellow. The cockade was white. In 1798 Tsar Paul I demanded the return of all student subjects from German universities. A Baltic in Göttingen was only detected again in 1802. Convents existed 1801–1804, 1810–1813, 1815–1817, 1820–1822, and 1823–1827. All these Curonen Convents had the colors green-blue-white, the same circle and the same motto. How much these convents have to be seen as a unit is shown e.g. For example, the fact that exactly every second of the 118 Göttingen Curons belonged before or after a Curonia in another university, some even in four convents. The Baltic students then moved from university to university. But after the German-speaking Imperial University of Dorpat, founded in 1802, was now recognized throughout Europe, the majority gradually studied there and the Dorpater Convent of Curonia grew accordingly. And when the imperial, but also German-speaking Riga Polytechnic was founded in 1862, engineering could also be studied in the Baltic States. In Germany there was a C! the Curonia did not return until the beginning of the 20th century in Jena. This Curonia was in a cartel contract with the Kösener Seniors Convents Association . Otherwise only a few students came to Germany from the Baltic States. The Riga Corps Rubonia opened for a short time in Munich at the beginning of the 20th century, and the Dorpater Fraternitas Academica in Berlin.

Curoni in Göttingen (1815-1825)

Dorpat

After the German-speaking University of Dorpat was founded in 1802 as the only university in the Baltic Sea Governments at the time, many Kurlanders studying in Göttingen continued their studies at home. For almost 90 years there was no more curonia in Germany; Because after his coronation in 1825, Tsar Nicholas I had again rigorously restricted the study opportunities abroad for those interested in studying from the Baltic Sea Governments. In return, connecting life in the Baltic region flourished. The first were the Kurlanders who came together in a country team that existed in the Baltic States for 130 years. The date of the first duel on September 8, 1808 is assumed to be the founding date of Curonia. The German corporations founded in Dorpat in the following years were largely based on the example of the Curonia, which in turn had adopted many student customs from Göttingen. This traditional connection to Göttingen meant that z. B. the Göttingen fencing style and the rigging of the beginning of the 19th century were largely adopted in the Baltic States and remained there until the Second World War. In the Baltic States, for example, it was fought with a basket racket and not with a bell racket, as is usual in the east . The corporations in Saint Petersburg and Moscow also took over the German fencing comment from Dorpat. A lot of German student songs have also been adopted ; via Estonia some found their way into the songbooks of Finnish student associations. The Estonian, Latvian, Russian and Jewish student associations that were founded later also adopted many German traditions, even the women's associations that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century. The Curonia became a model for over 75 corporations, 55 of which still exist today. “These corporations and clubs, willy-nilly, took over almost everything from German associations. They didn't know anything else. ”For a long time, the business language of Polonia in Saint Petersburg was German. The epoch of the Baltic corporations, often referred to as the "golden age", ended in the 1890s; because due to the Russification it was only allowed to teach in Russian. Many famous German professors left the university at that time.

Riga and Jena

German connections in the Baltic States, Curonia in the middle right

After the First World War , the Baltic states gained their independence from Russia. The Estonians and Latvians established a large number of new associations in the 1920s, all of which are active again today. German as the official language was abolished in the Baltic States. It was replaced by Estonian in Dorpat and Latvian in Riga. Most Kurlanders could speak German, Russian and reasonably good Latvian, but couldn't even understand Estonian. The Dörptsche Curonia had no future linguistically. Therefore, in January 1921, it moved its headquarters to the newly founded Latvijas Augstskola (University), which was converted to Latvijas Universitāte in 1923 . The name Latvian University was common among the Baltic Germans .

Several hundred Baltic Germans were still studying in Germany during the Weimar Republic . When the Main Association of Studying Balts was founded in 1921 , there were around 500 people. Otto Eckert (Curonia) was elected as 1st chairman / senior, Werner v. Harpe (Fraternitas Baltica) to Subsenior and Balthasar Baron v. Campenhausen (Livonia) for the third batch. In May 1922 Curonia founded a branch convent at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena . It was associated with the KSCV and existed until 1934. The Riga Curonia closed the active convent in 1937.

Poses

In 1939, the German-Soviet non-aggression pact forced the resettlement of all Baltic Germans to the German Reich from 1933 to 1945 (Posen, Warthegau). The Baltic German Corps suspended in 1939 or (in Latvia) closed by the state. All other German corporations had to cease their activities because of the “dictated option” or, like all German associations and organizations, were closed by the state. Because of the Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, the Estonian and Latvian corporations followed a year later. In Poznan , the 12 old Baltic German Philistine associations were converted into old rulers. In 1941, the Curonia became the "old gentry no. 1" with the prospect of establishing an active comradeship after the war . This gave the opportunity to have the unauthorized meetings held in public and to celebrate the Foundation Days every year in the usual way.

Reconstitution

Convent quarter

Despite the enormous losses caused by war, flight and displacement, around 1,300 Baltic German corporation members lived in West Germany at the end of the 1940s. In spite of 124 corps brothers who had fallen and who perished in the chaos of war, the list of addresses of the Curonia from 1947 still counts 202 Curons. Various attempts at reconstitution finally led to the founding of Curonia Goettingensis. It was donated on August 1, 1959 by 210 philistines from all Baltic German corporations who came from the universities in Dorpat, Riga, Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Together they acted as founding philistines and again founded an active convent with four corps boys (three of them Kurlanders). With those who came later, there were finally well over 300 Baltic Philistines who joined the old gentlemen's association. These were the following corporations, with the date of foundation and the number of old men involved:

  1. Curonia Dorpat, later Riga (September 8, 1808): 97 AH
  2. Estonia Dorpat (September 7, 1821): 15 AH
  3. Livonia Dorpat (September 20, 1822): 18 AH
  4. Fraternitas Rigensis Dorpat , later Riga (January 21, 1823): 31 AH
  5. Fraternitas Baltica Riga (November 13, 1865): 6 AH
  6. Concordia Rigensis (November 29, 1869): 2 AH
  7. Baltonia-Gotonia Dorpat and Riga (March 24, 1872): 25 AH
  8. Corps Rubonia Riga (May 18, 1875): 43 AH
  9. Neobaltia Dorpat (May 28, 1879): 36 AH
  10. Fraternitas Academica Dorpat (May 27, 1881): 14 AH
  11. Fraternitas Marcomannia Riga, later Moscow (March 2, 1902): 1 AH
  12. Fraternitas Normannia Saint Petersburg, later Dorpat (Nov. 23, 1909): 8 AH

Nine of these corporations have officially recognized the Curonia Goettingensis through their philistine associations as bearers of their tradition: Curonia, Estonia, Fraternitas Rigensis, Fraternitas Baltica, Baltonia-Gotonia, Rubonia, Neobaltia, Fraternitas Academica and Fraternitas Marcomannia. During the reconstitution, the Curons assumed that, as with Concordia Rigensis, the foundation year of the first Göttingen Curonia (1804) would be recognized. Since the Göttingen Senior Citizens' Convention did not want to support the wish, Curonia waived the claim. On December 8, 1959 she was accepted into the Kösener Seniors Convents Association .

The corps initially resided in two rooms of an excursion restaurant outside of Göttingen (“Zur Stegemühle”), then on the ground floor of a private house. Finally a house was found that could gradually be taken over as a corp house. In the meantime, some corps members are already 7th generation wearing the green-blue-white ribbon. The Curonia Goettingensis can build on friendly relationships that have existed for more than 150 years. This is also served above all by the entire Baltic Völkerkommerse, which the Curonia organizes in alternation with the Concordia Rigensis and the Fraternitas Dorpatensis in Munich, if they take place in Germany. She also takes part in the peoples' commissions in Estonia and Latvia.

The Curonia was suspended from May 29, 1984 to January 23, 1986 and from January 24, 1986 to June 14, 1986 due to a lack of offspring . In 1986 the suspension could be ended with 4 new foxes and still existing active members. With historical and current reports, the Göttingen Baltic Corps Papers are now (2019) in their 60th year.

Couleur and customs

Color of all curons

Curonia is a life corps . It leads the colors green-blue-white with silver percussion. A green lid with a blue and white border and a silver embroidered Baltic star is worn. Like all Göttingen corps and all German-Baltic student associations, Curonia's foxes do not wear a fox ribbon, but a green lid without the blue and white border. The motto reads in Latvian Draugs tam draugam! The motto (of all Baltic Germans) is firm in trust! The colors come from the uniform of the Courland Knighthood and the state officials in the Courland Governorate . It was introduced by Catherine II and consisted of a green skirt with a light blue collar, silver embroidery and buttons. In contrast to the "German" corps, Curonia has no bar jackets . In the Curonia Goettingensis, great importance is attached to the care of the singing and the student songs. The use of a songbook is frowned upon. The samovar is hardly used any more, and Sakuska has always been appreciated. There is no beer comment . On February 8, 2019, the Curonia organized a "Baltic Evening" for the second time in and with the Estonian Embassy to present the peculiarities of the Baltic boy tradition to a larger group of interested corps students.

Baltic meaning

Direct contact between the German corps and the Estonian and Latvian connections broke off in 1939. Despite the resettlement and the 50 years of Soviet rule, the German-Baltic student culture, mainly from Göttingen, lives on in Estonia and Latvia. That is why Curonia is now even referred to as the "mother of all Baltic corporations".

Curons

Göttingen Curonia I – VII

Gœttinger Clubbs (1827)

I (1805–1808): Reinhold Friedrich von der Osten-Sacken . II (1809-1812): Gideon von Stempel . III (1813-1815): William Backhouse Astor . V (1816-1818): Dieterich von Bocholtz , Louis Cambecq , Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz . VI (1820–1821): Adam von Koskull , Gotthard von Vietinghoff . VII (1823–1829): Heinrich Blumenthal , Otto Magnus von Grünewaldt , August von der Howen , Hermann von Keyserlingk , Otto von Keyserlingk zu Rautenburg , Alexander von Medem , Otto von Orgies-Rutenberg , Albert von Schlippenbach , Julius von Seefeld , Alexander Arkadjewitsch Suworow , Gotthard von Vietinghoff .

Dörptsche Curonia

Today's Curonia

200th Foundation Festival at Ludwigstein Castle (2004)

See also

literature

  • Baltic Society in Germany (Ed.): Baltic Burschentum. The student corporations of the Baltic Germans, Estonians and Latvians then and now, edited by Hans von Rimscha . Heidelberg 1968.
  • Reet Bender: The Dorpater student language and the Baltic German student corporations in the Imperial University of Dorpat in the 19th century . Tartu 2002
  • Otto Deneke : Old Göttingen country teams. Documents for its earliest history 1737–1813 . Göttingen 1937.
  • Hans-Dieter Handrack : 200 years of Curonia in Göttingen 1804-2004 . Göttingen 2004.
  • Hans-Dieter Handrack (Ed.): The corporations as defining social organizations in the Baltic States . Lüneburg 2010 ISBN 978-3-923149-58-2 .
  • Hans-Dieter Handrack: Göttingen album Curonorum . Osterode 2018.
  • Toomas Hiio: German Baltic Corporations at the University of Dorpat from its foundation to the end of the 19th century , in: Handrack: The corporations as a formative social organization in the Baltic States . Pp. 125-150, Lüneburg 2010. ISBN 978-3-923149-58-2 .
  • Toomas Hiio: Üliõpilaselust ja üliõpilasorganisatsioonidest Tartus ja Riias 19. sajandil (student life and student organizations in Dorpat and Riga in the 19th century), in: 50 Years of Baltic Nations' Kommerses , pp. 12–30. Tartu 2013.
  • Herbert Kater: Curons at the universities of Germany from 1801–1831 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 33 (1988), pp. 185-212.
  • Dietrich G. Kraus: Baltic boyhood in Dorpat and Riga . Yearbook of the Baltic Germans, Vol. XLV, Lüneburg 1998. ISBN 3-923149-27-1 .
  • Otto Kraus: German-Baltic Corps , in: Handbuch des Kösener Corpsstudenten , 6th edition, Vol. I, Würzburg 1985, pp. 97-104.
  • Tiina Metso: German Influence on Estonian and Baltic German Corps Traditions in Tartu . Acta Historica Tallinnensia 8 (2004), pp. 20-36. Tallinn 2004, ISSN  1736-7476 (electronic), ISSN  1406-2925 (print)
  • Tiina Metso: A public secret - duel and scale in Dorpat / Tartu, social and police aspects , in: Handrack: The corporations as formative social organizations in the Baltic States . Lüneburg 2010, pp. 175–192. ISBN 978-3-923149-58-2 .
  • Wilhelm Raeder: Curonen at the universities of Germany 1801–1831 . Riga 1935.
  • Johannes von Raison: Memories of the Dorpater boy life. Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 33 (1988), pp. 67-91.
  • Wilhelm Schack-Steffenhagen: The Convent of the Curonia at the universities of Germany 1801-1803 . Festschrift of Curonia. Bonn 1958.
  • Harald Seewann : “The friend, friend!” A Göttingen register sheet from 1825 . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 39 (1994), pp. 285-292.
  • Wolfgang Wachtsmuth : Nature, structure and importance of the former German-Baltic student corporations . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 1 (1956), pp. 45-52.

Web links

Commons : Corps Curonia Goettingensis  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ The first Chargierten-Convent existed 1801-1804 at the University of Jena . From 1804–1807 the Göttingen Curonia followed. From the summer semester 1805 to March 1806 she had to get through the “Curonian War” in Göttingen. Its members received 1,400 claims from the student body, not all of which were carried out. The background of the Curonian War has not yet been clarified. It is certain that the Kurlanders did not take part in the move to Hannoversch Münden as a minority of the student body. The first Curonia gradually became part of the Ruthenia, which dissolved in 1809. The gendarme affair and the associated disrepute for the University of Göttingen caused a decline in student life in Göttingen from September 1809. Most of the members of the Göttingen Landsmannschaften moved to the University of Heidelberg, where in the following year the local Curonia actively contributed to the development of the term corps in the escalations in the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention that had been brought about by this move from Göttingen. The senior of the Kurlander Ewald von Sacken paid with his life and his opponent from the Westphalia Adolph Carl von Kamptz destroyed his future. In Heidelberg, too, the university court authorities cracked down on them. Many conventions followed in different cities. In Jena there was the second Convent (C!) Of the Curonia from 1810-1811 and in Göttingen from 1810-1813. Then there was a C in 1811–1814! in Heidelberg. The third C followed! in Jena from 1814 until the founding of the original fraternity in June 1815. The first C! in Berlin 1815-1817 and the third C! in Göttingen from 1816 until the declaration of disrepute against Georgia Augusta after moving to Witzenhausen in August 1818. In 1840, Theodor von Kobbe describes these Curons in his humorous memoirs as "the most feared among the country teams" and titled them as "German Russians", among each other Latvian spoke. The third C! in Jena existed from 1816–1820, the second C! in Berlin around 1819, the fourth C! in Göttingen from 1820 to 1822 and an interlude in Leipzig. Then the first C followed! in Bonn 1822/23. He was followed in Göttingen by the fifth (1823–1827), in 1824 Eduard Wedekind wrote about these Kurons in his diary, and the sixth C! (1829). The last for the time being was the second in Bonn (1831).
  2. ↑ They are named in the album Curonorum (2018)
  3. ^ Estonia Dorpat, founded September 7, 1821, colors green-violet-white; green cap, motto Virtus decus Estonorum! Old rule II of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  4. ^ Livonia Dorpat, founded September 20, 1822, colors red-green-white; green cap, motto Everything stays the same! - One for all, all for one! Old rule III of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  5. ^ Fraternitas Rigensis Dorpat, founded in Dorpat January 21, 1823, colors dark blue-red-white, dark blue cap, motto suffer or triumph, be anvil or hammer! Relocated to Riga on March 19, 1921; Old rule IV of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  6. ^ Fraternitas Baltica Riga, founded November 13, 1865, colors red-green-gold, green cap; The motto of friendship, happiness, virtue and knowledge should never be missed with the Balts! - Stuck in trust! From SS 1915 to WS 1916/17 in Moscow; Old rule V of the NSDStB Posen s. 1941.
  7. ↑ Baltonia-Gotonia Dorpat and Riga, founded as an association of studying pharmacists in Dorpat March 24, 1872, colors black-light blue-red, black cap, motto In Treuen fest! Renamed Fraternitas Pharmaceutica Dorpatiensis April 24, 1910; 2nd convention founded in Riga WS 1920/21; Convent in Riga renamed Gotonia April 2, 1927; Convent renamed Dorpat in Baltonia May 29, 1932; both old owners X of the NSDStB Posen since 1941; AHV merges to Baltonia-Gotonia October 11, 1952.
  8. ^ Rubonia Riga, founded May 6, 1875, colors light blue-white-black; Motto With words and deeds for honor and justice! 2nd convent in Munich December 17, 1923 to 1931; Old rule VII of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  9. ^ Neobaltia Dorpat, founded May 16, 1879, colors light blue-white-orange; blue cap, motto E labore otium! [Enjoyment comes from work]. Old rule VIII of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  10. ^ Fraternitas Academica Dorpat, founded May 27, 1881, colors dark violet-light blue-white; dark purple cap, motto Lege libertas! Suspended from November 1891 to November 1908, 2nd convent in Berlin June 19, 1922 until the end of SS 1931, old rule IX of the NSDStB Posen since 1941.
  11. ↑ Fraternitas Marcomannia Riga, founded March 16, 1902, colors white-dark-red-gold, dark red cap, motto “ Willing is being able”! From WS 1915/16 to WS 1917/18 in Moscow, suspended WS 1918/19.
  12. ^ Fraternitas Normannia St. Petersburg, founded as Fraternitas Hyperborea in St. Petersburg November 23, 1909, colors dark blue-silver-orange, dark blue cap; Parts of the members constituted Fraternitas Normannia May 4, 1918; Relocated to Dorpat as Fraternitas Thevingia. October 5, 1918; again Fraternitas Normannia October 1921; Colors carmine-silver-dark blue; crimson hat; 2nd Convent in Reval April 6, 1931 to WS 1934/35, suspended SS 1938.
  13. ↑ The Estonians call the lids "tekkel", the Poles "Dekiel".
  14. ↑ German "To the friend friend". In the Latvian language correct is actually "Draugam draugs" (without article).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Paul Gerhardt Gladen: The Kösener and Weinheimer Corps. Their representation in individual chronicles . WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2007, ISBN 978-3-933892-24-9 , pp. 47-48.
  2. ↑ Hans Becker von Sothen: The Göttingen connections and their colors 1800 to 1833. Represented on the basis of two pages in the register . Einst und Jetzt, Vol. 39 (1994), p. 191
  3. ^ O. Deneke: Old Göttinger Landsmannschaften. 1937, p. 54 ff.
  4. ^ Leopold Langenfeld: The student life in Göttingen in the years 1805 to 1813. In: Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer and Edmund Hoefer (eds.): Hausblätter. Second volume, Stuttgart 1865, p. 294.
  5. ^ Tiina Metso: German Influence in Estonian Student Song Tradition and Export to Finland . Acta Historica Tallinnensia, Tallinn 2004, p. 32
  6. ↑ R. Bender, p. 300
  7. ^ Andrejs Johansons: The Latvian University in Riga 1919-1940. With special consideration of the philological and philosophical subjects . In: Gert von Pistohlkors u. a. (Ed.): The Universities of Dorpat / Tartu, Riga and Wilna / Vilnius, 1579–1979. Contributions to their history and their impact in the border area between West and East . Böhlau, Cologne 1987, pp. 255-262.
  8. ^ Walter von Zur-Mühlen (Estonia): The main association of studying Balts . Yearbook of the Baltic Germanness in Latvia and Estonia 1930, pp. 5–6.
  9. ↑ Nicolaus v. Grote: Baltic students in the German Empire after the First World War . Yearbook of the Baltic Germans 1968, pp. 60–70
  10. ↑ The KSCV and the Baltic Corps (2013) ( Memento from May 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Dietrich A. Loeber : Dictated option. The resettlement of the Baltic Germans from Estonia and Latvia 1939–1941 . Neumünster 1972
  12. ^ J. Westermann and L. v. Cube: The Curonia after 1939 , in: Festschrift for the 150th anniversary of Curonia . Bonn 1958, p. 99
  13. ↑ C! Q! the Curonia Goettingensis (YouTube)
  14. ^ Ernst Hans Eberhard : Handbook of the student liaison system . Leipzig, 1924/25, p. 199.
  15. ↑ Jasper von Altenbockum: Ex est! Schmollis! Fiducite! (FAZ. June 16, 2008)
  16. ↑ R. Bender: About the Baltic Kommers traditions in the 19th century, Tartu in the light of memories , in: K. Lillemäe, M. Kuum, R. Bender (ed.): 50 Years of Baltic Nations' Kommerses , p. 31-53. Tartu 2013.
  17. ↑ R. Bender, p. 299
  18. ↑ Raimonds Cerūzis: Vacu Factors Latvijā - The German Factor in Latvia , 291 S., Riga 2004, ISBN 9984-770-52-4
  19. ↑ Harald Seewann: The Jewish Corporations in the Baltic States , in: H.-D. Handrack: The corporations as defining social organizations in the Baltic States . Lüneburg 2010, p. 213 f., ISBN 978-3-923149-58-2