Dol-de-Bretagne
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Dol-de-Bretagne Dol |
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| region | Brittany | |
| Department | Ille-et-Vilaine | |
| Arrondissement | Saint Malo | |
| Canton | Dol-de-Bretagne | |
| Community association | Pays de Dol et de la Baie du Mont Saint-Michel | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 33 ′ N , 1 ° 45 ′ W | |
| height | 1-58 m | |
| surface | 15.53 km 2 | |
| Residents | 5,693 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 367 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 35120 | |
| INSEE code | 35095 | |
| Website | Dol-de-Bretagne | |
 Dol-de-Bretagne - the site with Saint-Samson Cathedral |
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Dol-de-Bretagne ( Breton Dol ) is a commune with 5,693 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Ille-et-Vilaine in the region of Brittany .
location
The place Dol is about six kilometers (as the crow flies) south of the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel at an altitude of about 15 m above sea level. d. The nearest larger cities are Saint-Malo, about 29 km (driving distance) to the north - west, and Dinan, about 30 km to the south-west .
Population development
| year | 1800 | 1851 | 1901 | 1954 | 1999 | 2017 |
| Residents | 2787 | 4181 | 4708 | 4773 | 4563 | 5693 |
The population has remained largely constant since the middle of the 19th century; Only at the beginning of the 21st century did it exceed the 5,000 mark, which is largely due to tourism.
economy
The community and its surroundings were dominated by agriculture for centuries; most people lived on a self-sufficient basis ; In the village itself, various craft and service professions developed . Since the 1960s, tourism - also in the form of renting holiday apartments ( gîtes ) - has played an increasingly important role in the economic life of the municipality. The place is a railway junction, here the Rennes – Saint-Malo and Lison – Lamballe railway meet .
history
The Dol, which probably originated in Celtic times, was the former capital of Brittany. In the middle of the 9th century under St. Samson (Breton: Sant Samzun a Zol ) originated as one of the seven founding dioceses of Brittany, it was the seat of an archdiocese until the French Revolution and accordingly also the destination of Tro-Breizh , one of the most important medieval pilgrimages, until the 16th century .
In the year 845 or 848 the Count of Vannes , Nominoë , was crowned ducatus ipsius gentis of the Bretons after the West Franconian King Charles the Bald had to recognize the extensive Breton autonomy. Up until the late 11th century, the city was repeatedly attacked, robbed, set on fire or temporarily occupied by Vikings and Normans .
The FitzAlan (fils d'Alain) family from Dol emigrated to England at the beginning of the 12th century, where they received the title of Earl of Arundel through inheritance in 1291 , and in another line to Scotland, where they were hereditary before 1150 Acquired office of Lord High Steward and from 1371 ascended the Scottish royal throne as House Stuart ; In 1603 the Stuarts also became kings of England and Ireland; they ruled Great Britain with one interruption until 1714.
In 1203 soldiers of the English king John Ohneland burned down the church of Dol; the cathedral was built in its place, the stained glass windows depicting scenes from the life of its namesake.
Dol was given its current name in 1924. During the Second World War , the area around it was the scene of the Battle of Brittany , when American troops attacked the German bridgehead between the nearby cities of Saint-Malo and Dinard in August 1944 .
Attractions
- Dol-de-Bretagne Cathedral from the 12th century
- Musée de la Trésorerie , a 16th century building
- Musée d'Histoire et d'Art Populaire with a collection of religious statues
- Menhir du Champ-Dolent (height approx. 9.5 m) located about 2 km southeast of the city center in the direction of Combourg .
- About two kilometers to the northwest, 65 meters high mountain Mont-Dol , in the Middle Ages still an island off the coast.
- City fortifications from the Middle Ages
See also: List of Monuments historiques in Dol-de-Bretagne
Personalities
- François-René de Chateaubriand (1768-1848) received his school education in Dol.
- Victor Hugo (1802–1885) stayed several times in Dol with his lover Juliette Drouet.
Town twinning
Dol-de-Bretagne maintains a town partnership with the Hessian community of Reichelsheim .
literature
- Le Patrimoine des Communes d'Ille-et-Vilaine. Flohic Editions, Volume 1, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84234-072-8 , pp. 531-545.
Web links
- Articles and photos about the cathedral (French) (accessed December 3, 2012)