Elisabeth Kopp

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Elisabeth Kopp (2008)
Sworn in as Federal Councilor, 1984

Elisabeth Kopp (* December 16, 1936 in Zurich as Anna Elisabeth Iklé ; entitled to live in Zumikon , Niederönz , Lucerne and honorary citizen of Unterbäch ) is a Swiss politician ( FDP or FDP. The Liberals ).

She was the first woman in Switzerland to be a member of the state government (Federal Council) from 1984 to 1989 , and was elected Vice President of the Federal Council in 1988. A political scandal in autumn 1988 ended Kopp's term in office prematurely in January 1989.

Origin and political career

Her father Max Iklé (1903–1999) was Director of the Federal Finance Administration and Vice President of the Swiss National Bank . He and his wife Beatrix Heberlein (1906–1988) came from families in the textile industry . On her father's side, she had a German-Jewish immigrant background with Adolph Iklé. The brother of Max Iklé's great-grandfather was Wilhelm Matthias Naeff , a member of the first Swiss Federal Council . Her cousin Fred Iklé became Secretary of State in the US Department of Defense.

Elisabeth Iklé grew up with her sisters Marianne (* 1935) and Beatrix (* 1944) in Bern and attended schools in Muri and Bern. She took part as a figure skater in the Swiss Junior Championships 1950–1952. The East Berlin uprising of 1953 motivated her for the first time to commit to democracy and human rights . Iklé studied law at the University of Zurich because she wanted to become a youth lawyer . When the 1956 revolution and the anti-Soviet struggle for freedom were suppressed in Hungary , she interrupted her studies for two years (1956–1958) to work as an activist of the spontaneously founded Student Union for Hungary - with Walter Renschler , Peter Arbenz and others. a. - To look after refugee students in Switzerland and to organize humanitarian deliveries to Hungary. In 2006 she received the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary , the highest honor in the country. In 1957, Iklé joined the Swiss Association of Liberal Democratic Women and the military women's aid service , where she served as a medical driver and group leader. She gave her first political speech on the Swiss national holiday in 1957.

On the trip to an anti-communist meeting in West Berlin , she met the business lawyer Hans W. Kopp (1931–2009) on Valentine's Day in 1959 . They got engaged on the same day and married in 1960, after Elisabeth had passed her law exams summa cum laude , as the first woman on the faculty. They moved to Zumikon. Elisabeth Kopp helped set up her husband's legal practice, where she worked as a lawyer. After the birth of her daughter Brigitte (1963), she stayed at home until she started school. Her wish to have more children was not granted.

Since 1957, Kopp has been committed to social equality for women, in particular women's right to vote . In the 1960s / 1970s she was president of the Zumiker women's association and a member of the board of directors of the Zurich women's center .

Mayor

In 1970, immediately after the introduction of women's suffrage in the canton of Zurich , Kopp was elected to the municipal council ( executive ) of Zumikon as a candidate for the non-partisan community association. In the national voting campaign for women's suffrage in 1971, she appeared at the side of the later Federal Councilor Hans Hürlimann in the SRG television debate. She was the first female member of the Education Council of the Canton of Zurich (1972–1979). 1974 Kopp was in Zumikon with 80% of votes to the first community-President of the German-speaking Switzerland selected. She held this office until 1984. The solution to traffic problems, an increase in the quality of living or the use of alternative energies during her term of office in Zumikon were recognized as exemplary.

Kopp continued to advocate human rights in Eastern Europe . She was a member of the Advisory Committee of the Swiss Eastern Institute (1970–1981) and was Executive President of the International Helsinki Association (1983–1984). After the crackdown on the Prague Spring in August 1968, her family took in a Czech refugee student.

FDP national councilor, around 1980

National Councilor

Kopp's national career began in 1979 when she was elected to the National Council on the list of the Zurich FDP (with 52,113 votes). She was considered a staunch liberal, but always insisted on her own opinion. She saw politics not as a means of power, but as an opportunity to make a difference. She supported the inclusion of the equality article in the Federal Constitution (1981) and was a champion for technical and economic solutions in environmental protection . Kopp was a member of the National Council's Science and Research Commission and the Petitions Commission. During the youth riots in Zurich, she advocated an extensive amnesty for non-violent participants. With the highest number of votes (92,960) on her party list, Kopp was re-elected to parliament in 1983. In April 1984 she became Vice President of the FDP Switzerland .

Quote

"If women are numerically poorly represented in politics, this is diametrically opposed to their objective possibilities."

- Elisabeth Kopp, 1979

Federal Councilor

choice

Elisabeth-Kopp-Eiche in Bern as an election reminder

In 1984, when Federal Councilor Rudolf Friedrich resigned for health reasons, the FDP parliamentary group nominated Kopp and party president Bruno Hunziker as his successor. After the nomination, a media campaign started against Kopp, which mainly criticized her husband. Shortly before the election date, however, the tide turned because they did not want to be held responsible for her husband's mistakes.

On October 2, 1984, the United Federal Assembly elected Kopp as the first woman to the Federal Council in the first ballot with 124 of 244 votes . The clothes she wore on election day are kept in the historical collection of the Swiss National Museum. As a reminder of the election, women planted the “Elisabeth Kopp Oak” in Bern. Shortly afterwards, Kopp became an honorary citizen of Unterbäch , where the first Swiss women’s vote had taken place in 1957. The women's monument erected there in 1985 was also dedicated to her (see Rütli the Swiss woman ).

Migration policy

Elisabeth Kopp in a Federal Council meeting in 1987 (in the middle of the back row)

During her tenure as Federal Councilor 1984–1989, Kopp headed the Federal Department of Justice and Police (FDJP) and was therefore also responsible for refugee and foreigner policy. In 1985 she created the office of delegate for refugee affairs , which was headed by official director Peter Arbenz . 1985–1987 the Asylum Act was revised. The “attractiveness” of Switzerland as a country of asylum should be reduced in view of the increase in asylum applications. The protection of politically persecuted asylum seekers remained inviolable. By shortening the procedure, the number of pending asylum applications was reduced, and people smugglers were to be combated through border gates (excluding reception points) at Basel, Chiasso , Geneva and Kreuzlingen . In addition to faster evacuation of the 80% unrecognized refugees, a humanitarian right to stay for long-waiting applicants was sought. For the longer-term Federal Council planning, Kopp also set up the interdepartmental strategy group “Asylum and Refugee Policy”.

Other focal points

The entire Federal Council 1987/88 with Elisabeth Kopp

Kopp campaigned for the betterment of women in society, among other things through the introduction of the new partnership law and the legislative program «Equal rights for men and women». Other focal points of her work were the criminal record of money laundering , the fight against drug trafficking , the introduction of international private law in Switzerland, the insider criminal norm in stock exchange trading , protection against dismissal in tenancy and employment contract law , the revision of stock corporation law and copyright law , the strengthening of peasant law Land law in spatial planning (“Soil and Space” project) and environmental protection . Even back then, she advocated Switzerland's accession to the UN and the total revision of the federal constitution . It achieved a relaxation in legal aid issues between Switzerland and the USA, especially in the area of ​​money laundering. Meeting Ronald Reagan on this mission was one of her most memorable encounters. During her tenure, a GDR pair of agents operating in Switzerland was exposed and convicted.

Kopp was considered a popular, charismatic politician. However, the campaign to vote on the revision of the Asylum Act (1987) also brought her political opposition (“stop-and-go” campaign).

Elisabeth Kopp was elected Vice President of the Federal Council for 1989 with a very good result of 165 votes on December 7, 1988 , as the first woman. However, the election was accompanied by growing media suspicions against her husband, which two days later took on a new dimension.

Quote

«With hatred, intolerance and fanaticism in this world problems have never been solved, just countless new ones created. What is required are prudence, firmness, coupled with humanity as well as courage and imagination for new solutions. "

- Federal Councilor Kopp's parliamentary speech on the asylum law revision at the 1985 autumn session

The "Kopp Scandal"

prehistory

Kopp had been under public pressure from a campaign since the end of August 1988 , when the magazine Observer accused her husband, the lawyer Hans W. Kopp, of evading taxes in the millions, whereby the Zurich tax office had remained inactive for five years. Although exonerating material was available and the Zurich tax administration exonerated Hans W. Kopp from the charge of willful tax evasion at the beginning of December 1988 , Hans W. Kopp was considered a tax fraudster in public.

On September 1st, a report appeared in 24 heures in which - on the basis of a Turkish TV program - Mohamed Shakarchi was portrayed as one of the really big fish in the international money laundering business . Hans W. Kopp was Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of his foreign exchange trading company "Shakarchi Trading AG" . Money laundering rumors also circulated about this company in early October. At the General Assembly on October 21, Hans W. Kopp announced that he would resign if the rumors did not calm down. The allegations could not be proven and the investigations stopped in 1991.

The phone call

On October 27, 1988 - one day after the observer's tax allegations had been falsified - Elisabeth Kopp learned of the money laundering allegations against Shakarchi Trading AG from her personal assistant. On the same day she called her husband to persuade him to step down from the Shakarchi board of directors, which he immediately agreed to do. On November 7th, Elisabeth Kopp learned that the information from her employee, which was partly false and partly known, also had a department-internal source.

On November 4, the Tages-Anzeiger reported that the Ticino investigative authorities had tracked down a large money laundering case involving the Magharian brothers who had already been arrested in July. "Shakarchi Trading AG in Zurich is apparently also involved, at least this name is on record," wrote the newspaper - in reality, this company warned the big banks about drug money from the Magharians a few years ago. The article also mentioned the recent resignation of the board vice chairman. On 8 and 9 November, asked Weltwoche and Radio DRS in EJPD to see if there had not been a tip from the Department of Hans W. Kopp. On November 12, a journalist from Schweizer Illustrierte asked Hans W. Kopp almost immediately about the involvement of the FDJP head in the “tip”. In the meantime, on November 10th, the Federal Prosecutor's Office started an investigation to find out the source and route of information about the Shakarchi from the Federal Prosecutor's Office to Mr Kopp. The ominous telephone conversation was already known internally. Apart from the FDJP, Kopp initially did not inform anyone about what she was later accused of.

resignation

The newspaper Le Matin wrote about this investigation on December 9, 1988 due to a further indiscretion and gave the impression that the federal prosecutor's office was primarily looking for the immediate leak that led to the information to Hans W. Kopp. Ms. Kopp then informed the entire Federal Council about her telephone conversation with her husband. The Federal Council could not agree on a declaration of solidarity in favor of its member - Federal President Otto Stich and Federal Councilor René Felber were against it - instead, he issued an explanatory message on her behalf: Ms. Kopp asked her husband from the Shakarchi Board of Directors in view of experienced money laundering rumors to resign, the Federal Councilor took responsibility for the information. This prompted the tabloid media to quickly provoke an affair and demand their resignation. As a result, other media more or less followed suit in different tones and distanced themselves from the Federal Councilor. She was particularly blamed for the fact that Kopp had kept the call away for a long time.

The role of Radio DRS and Swiss television was viewed critically. Former Federal Councilor Rudolf Friedrich accused the SRG monopoly media of having paralyzed the political leadership through their campaign in the days before Kopp's resignation, which “in that whipped up hectic ... only react under the constant barrage of the monopoly media, but no longer freely could decide ». Under enormous suspicion pressure from the media, Kopp was subsequently also dropped from her party - the FDP top feared a serious loss of image for the party, said the media scientist Roger Blum . It turned out that Kopp did not have a stable network of relationships that would have supported her in an extraordinary crisis.

On December 12th, she announced her resignation at the end of February 1989 and stressed that she was "neither legally nor morally responsible." However, the suspicions and allegations have increasingly reached a level that is intolerable. Federal Councilor Flavio Cotti also stated that “the resignation did not take place because of the cause, but because of the climate”. Federal Councilor Jean-Pascal Delamuraz complained about “the many exaggerated reactions and prejudice” from the media and about the fact that “Ms. Kopp was ultimately handed over to destructive forces”. Friedrich was convinced that the actions accused of Kopp were by no means the real motivation for this “decisive blow” (December 9-11, 1988) of the campaign, which the tabloids “had systematically prepared with all sorts of suspicions”. According to Friedrich, this also included a Blick survey of December 11, 1988 about demands for resignation. Most media, on the other hand, didn't want to hear about a campaign. An investigation by the then press association (SZV) also found that the media were not to blame for the resignation of the Federal Councilor. However, the German newspaper ' Die Welt wrote about the affair of “a hysterical boom”, and some Swiss newspapers, such as the Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), criticized the rougher words of other media.

After announcing her resignation, most of the media paid tribute to the historic achievements of the first Federal Councilor, despite their allegations. Their professional and human qualities were often highlighted. The campaign did not stop: “Were drug money deals covered in the Kopp department?” Was the headline in Blick . Le Matin accused Federal Prosecutor Rudolf Gerber of having "beautified internal reports in favor of Messrs. Shakarchi and Hans W. Kopp" and of sparing them from investigations (the paper paid great satisfaction for the misery in July 1989). After she was suspected of violating official secrecy by the special representative of the Federal Prosecutor and there was even more political pressure, Kopp resigned on January 12, 1989 with immediate effect.

"Her resignation was preceded by an unprecedented media campaign," wrote Federal Councilor Micheline Calmy-Rey later, "during the six months of the buzz" hardly anyone was interested in Kopp's well-being. Federal Councilor Pascal Couchepin , at that time (1988/89) National Councilor and GPK member, later said: the resignation had reasons "which were then built into a major scandal and which are now [2009] classified as irrelevant". Roger Köppel , editor of Weltwoche , claimed that the "so-called Kopp case ... was one of the most egregious media campaigns" and that what was published as an accusation in the Shakarchi case "was all made up". Many were of the opinion that a man would not have gotten into such a campaign, including the first Federal Council candidate Lilian Uchtenhagen , who found the reaction to the "affair" absurd: "You just fell upon them". State Secretary Franz Blankart said that Elisabeth Kopp “would have finished her office if she had been a man”.

After her resignation, she withdrew completely from politics and the public for a long time.

examination

After further accusations in public (e.g. "Dirty business under the protection of our secret service" or alleged infiltration of the authorities by the drug mafia) the demand for a parliamentary commission of inquiry (PUK) found no resistance in parliament, which was held on January 31 1989 constituted the PUK. In view of the increasing number of allegations, the PUK should clarify the administration of the FDJP and in particular that of the Federal Prosecutor's Office: "The climate of mistrust, whether fueled or actually justified, must be clarified quickly," wrote the NZZ at the time. Parliament unanimously appointed an extraordinary federal prosecutor to investigate the alleged violation of official secrecy by the head of the FDJP and two employees of the FDJP , and lifted Kopp's immunity at her own request.

In November 1989, the PUK, chaired by the then National Council and GPK Sub-Commission President Moritz Leuenberger , published its report in which it described the resignation as an "unavoidable step" and based it mainly on Kopp's information behavior after the telephone conversation. PUK member of the Council of States Ulrich Zimmerli emphasized the agreement reached that “the fateful telephone from Ms. Kopp to her husband as such was quite understandable”.

Elisabeth Kopp complained that the PUK only gave her the opportunity to present the whole thing at the end of October, when the PUK report was about to be completed. In a brief survey in May, she was only able to respond to specific questions on a few details that touched neither her motives nor the circumstances at the time. The report also contained statements that were shocking to her credibility, about which she was not given a legal hearing . The conference of finance directors accused the PUK of having "refused a fair hearing" to the responsible cantonal authorities in tax matters affecting them.

In addition, shortly before the report was published, the PUK President had all telephone lines of the Kopp family wiretapped on the basis of an anonymous complaint about alleged protection of the authorities in favor of criminals, which later turned out to be unfounded, although the files were sufficient for clarification. In its report, the PUK then refuted the allegations that triggered its investigations: "The suspicion that federal authorities have been infiltrated by organized crime is unfounded."

In its overall appraisal, the PUK report recognized that Ms. Kopp had “served our country to the best of her knowledge and carried out her office competently, prudently and with commitment”, and advised that the alleged errors “should be related to the work done for the benefit of our country to put ».

In February 1990, Elisabeth Kopp was acquitted by the federal court of charges of breach of official secrecy.

Work-up

Speech on the women's anniversary in Unterbäch , 2007

Despite his acquittal, Kopp was far from being rehabilitated by the party and the media: "After the early legal rehabilitation, the political rehabilitation only took place in recent years," wrote the NZZ in early 2008. She and her husband remained publicly ostracized for years. Kopp did not feel her resignation, but the "destruction" of her person as the worst. Nevertheless, she received solidarity from the population at the time, from FDP women's associations and other organizations that she invited as speakers.

In 1992, Elisabeth Kopp completed a post-graduate degree in law at the University of Florence , after which she took over the management of the law firm of her husband 's Kopp & Partner as a specialist in European law , human rights and constitutional law . She also headed a group of experts that developed a democratic, Europe-compliant draft constitution for what was then Yugoslavia , and which included Alois Riklin . During the Balkan War , the Kopp family housed young students from war zones in their apartment.

In 1992 the media company Ringier had to pay compensation to Hans W. Kopp for making false accusations . In 1998, the telephone wiretap was by the European Court of Human Rights , also from the Swiss judge Luzius Wildhaber , unanimously considered contrary to the Convention convicted. At the beginning of October 1998, the Tages-Anzeiger apologized in a short message following a legal obligation: "The TA did not want Shakarchi Trading AG or Mohammed Shakarchi personally and his family to have knowledgeable contacts with the Turkish and Italian arms and drug mafia."

Ten years after the resignation of the magistrate, the voices for a social rehabilitation also increased from her critics.

Return, look back

Withdrawn for a long time, Elisabeth Kopp finally began to appear in public again and to get involved. In 2001 she was the general assembly speaker for the women of the Zurich FDP and the FDP Basel-Stadt . 2001–2002 she held a colloquium on her executive experience at the Archives for Contemporary History at the ETH Zurich . She gave a lecture at Expo.02 on the effects of globalization on the peasantry and was involved in votes for Switzerland to join the UN (2002) and maternity insurance (2004). 2003–2005 she worked as a mentor at the Law Faculty of the University of St. Gallen .

In 2003, Kopp reconciled with her party after a gesture by the Zurich FDP. The liberals welcomed their return to the party. Kopp's invitation to the former Federal Councilors' gala at the Lucerne Festival 2006 was rated in the NZZ as “a step towards complete social rehabilitation”. Looking back, Kopp said that she would not step down from the Federal Council today. It was a mistake to give up her position in response to public pressure. She also made mistakes in communication. The call, on the other hand, was the only thing she could do in that situation. She would hold out in the same situation today. She called the campaign directed against her a "witch hunt". As a consequence, she would like to stand up for the victims of arbitrariness in the Anna Göldi Foundation , which she co-founded in 2007 . Kopp's supporters see them as victims of scandalization by political opponents. Her critics, on the other hand, believe that Elisabeth Kopp does not see her own mistakes and deliberately takes on a martyr's role.

At the beginning of 2007 the film director Andres Brütsch presented a documentary portrait of Elisabeth Kopp with the title Elisabeth Kopp - Eine Winterreise . The documentary, which was a crowd favorite at the 42nd Solothurn Film Festival,  recalls Kopp's history with numerous original film and photo documents. The majority of the critics rated the film as a late rehabilitation of the magistrate.

Kopp has lived in Zumikon since she married in 1960. Her husband Hans W. Kopp died on January 25, 2009 at the age of 77. They have one daughter and three grown granddaughters.

When the Federal Council was unable to receive the Dalai Lama in the spring of 2010 , Kopp met with the spiritual leader on the occasion of a Zurich solidarity rally for Tibet . The former Federal Councilor publishes and lectures regularly on socio-political issues and current political events. Some of your requests to speak contain radical arguments for freedom and the rule of law.

Quotes

"Women in top positions must become as natural as men as kindergarten teachers."

- Elisabeth Kopp in Two steps forward, one step back - For the Swiss women's movement, 2006 is a four-fold anniversary year , book review, NZZ on Sunday, July 30, 2006

"Successful integration requires willingness on both sides."

- Elisabeth Kopp in «Who brings whom points?», Opening speech on the national day of the refugee of the Swiss Refugee Aid and the Federal Office for Migration, Basel, June 20, 2008

PUK and fishing scandal

The intense media campaign conducted against the Kopps unsettled the political climate and made it possible to set up the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry (PUK) for the FDJP; This also enabled the federal prosecutor's office to examine the state security registry files in detail. The Business Audit Commission (GPK), which had known about the existence and number of files since May 1988, had little authority to do this. The PUK report described deficiencies and errors in the registration process and thus triggered the “ fishing scandal ”.

Documentaries

Works by Elisabeth Kopp

memoirs

Selection of works

  • Elisabeth Kopp, Walter Renschler , Max Frenkel : La suisse = Switzerland . Swiss Action Committee «Preserve Freedom», Zurich 1962
  • The woman in politics (unit). August E. Hohler (Ed.): 1st Zurich Symposium “The woman determines with me”, Zurich 1972
  • Woman and Politics , Reformatio, No. 10/1975
  • Young people don't want to be spoiled, they want to be convinced . In: Arnold Fisch (Ed.): On the trail of current events . Zurich 1982, pp. 41-44
  • Project management for municipal buildings . (PDF) In: Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt , 102 (1984), pp. 1037-1039.
  • "What is required are firmness and humanity" . In: Politische Rundschau , 1986 / Issue No. 1 “For a humanitarian, liberal asylum policy with firmness”, pp. 42–43
  • Aid to refugees as an obligation of Switzerland . In: Swiss Central Agency for Refugee Aid (Ed.): 50 years of helping . Zurich 1986
  • Switzerland in the global refugee problem . In: Urs Gfeller (Ed.): Time of Refugees , Edition M, 1987
  • Media between power and market . Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich 1988
  • The new federal law on international private law . In: Swiss Yearbook for International Law , 44 (1988), pp. 105–131
  • Boris Vukobrat (Eds.), Elisabeth Kopp et al .: Proposals for a new commonwealth of the Republics of ex-Yugoslavia . CopArt Editions, Zug 1993, ISBN 2-940051-40-2
  • Switzerland - a model for other countries? SANU publishing house , Beograd 1996, ISBN 86-7025-242-2
  • Goodwill and respect for Switzerland . Lecture at the General Assembly of Radical Women of the Canton of Zurich on Swiss neutrality and UN membership, FDP press service, June 28, 2001
  • Knowledge of the dossier does not make a Federal Councilor in the long run . NZZ am Sonntag , April 6, 2008, essay
  • Majority of women, yes and? NZZ on Sunday, July 18, 2010.

Literature about Elisabeth Kopp

  • Marcel Meier, Gregor van Uden (Ed.): Personalities of Europe, Volume Switzerland. Iatas Verlag, Lucerne 1974.
  • Res Strehle , Jürg Wehren : Queen's Gambit. The woman in the Federal Council. Limmat-Verlag, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-85791-090-9 .
  • Lys Wiedmer-Zingg: The Swiss makers. Ten top politicians in a glass house. Friedrich Reinhardt, Basel 1987, ISBN 3-7245-0606-6 .
  • I am not to blame. Elisabeth Kopp, first Federal Councilor. A documentation. Ringier, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-85859-248-X .
  • Catherine Duttweiler: Kopp & Kopp. The rise and fall of the first female Federal Councilor. Weltwoche-ABC-Verlag, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-85504-121-0 .
  • Jeanne Hersch (Ed.): Rule of Law in Twilight. Elisabeth Kopp's resignation. Verlag Peter Meili, Schaffhausen 1991, ISBN 3-85805-153-5 .
  • Urs Altermatt (Ed.): The Swiss Federal Councilors. A biographical lexicon. Artemis & Winkler Verlag, Zurich / Munich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-0702-X .
  • Esther Girsberger : Voted out: women in power live dangerously. Xanthippe, Zurich 1994, ISBN 3-9522868-2-6 .
  • Patrick Kupper, Thomas Dejung, Thomas Gull, Pascal Unterstährer: Century Swiss. 50 important Swiss of the 20th century. bmg Buchverlag (Opinio Verlag), Basel 2000, ISBN 3-905352-00-1 .
  • Neelam Satiya: Encyclopaedia of World Great Women Leaders. Omega Publications, New Delhi 2008, ISBN 978-81-8455-018-4 .
  • René Lüchinger : Elisabeth Kopp. Two lives - one fate. The rise and fall of Switzerland's first female Federal Councilor. Stämpfli, Bern 2013, ISBN 978-3-7272-1253-6 .
  • Dorothee Liehr: Scandal and Nation. Political struggles for interpretation in Switzerland 1988–1991. Tectum, Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-8288-3352-4 .
  • Elisabeth Kopp in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)

Archives holdings

Web links

Commons : Elisabeth Kopp  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Video documents

Audio documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcel Mayer: Iklé. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
    Adrian Knoepfli: Heberlein, Georges. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . (Father of Beatrix Heberlein)
  2. ↑ Pictures of Maria and Johann Matthias Naeff and their 10 children with spouses, including Federal Councilor Wilhelm Matthias Naeff and Elisabeth Kopp's great-great-grandparents Augusta Maria and Ferdinand Adolf Naeff . Augusta Maria Neff is proven to have descended from Charlemagne , see Uli W. Steinlin : The ancestors of the Steinlin family from St. Gallen. Self-published / Druckerei Krebs, Basel / Biel-Benken 2008, ISBN 978-3-85775-001-4 .
  3. ↑ Responsibility in the executive branch . In: Politische Rundschau , Issue No. 2, 1979, «Women and Freedom», pp. 80–82
  4. ↑ Viktor Parma : Woman of the Year - Unwavering Will. In: Bilanz , 12/1984; Elisabeth Kopp - the new number one. In: Schweizer Illustrierte , December 15, 1986.
  5. ↑ Correct and lawful . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , October 27, 1988
  6. ^ Rudolf Friedrich: The Monopoly Media - A Problem for Democracy. In: Jeanne Hersch (Hrsg.): Rule of Law in Twilight - Elisabeth Kopp's resignation.
  7. ↑ Roger Blum: Campaigns through the media - forms, fronts, consequences . Presentation, University of Bern, 2005
  8. ^ Yvonne-Denise Köchli : Great outrage - From the ominous phone call to resignation. Die Weltwoche, 4/2007 (chronology October 27, 1988 to January 12, 1989)
  9. ↑ Heinz Gantenbein: The media scolding in the Kopp case. A study by the Swiss Association of Newspaper and Magazine Publishers . Zurich 1989
  10. ↑ Yvonne-Denise Köchli (Ed.): Women, do you want to wait 962 years? - Micheline Calmy-Rey on real equal opportunities. Xanthippe Verlag, Zurich 2006, ISBN 3-9522868-9-3
  11. ↑ Politics: is it a man's business? Discussion with Elisabeth Kopp, Elisabeth Zölch, Pascale Bruderer, Esther Girsberger, Roger Köppel, Andreas Ladner. Moderator: Matthias Aebischer. Swiss television, The Club of November 28, 2006 (84 min, dialect)
  12. ↑ Pascal Auchlin, Frank Garbely: The environment of a scandal. A report on organized crime and the role of the Swiss authorities . Werd Verlag, Zurich 1990, ISBN 3-85932-031-9
  13. ^ Incidents in the FDJP - Report of the Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry (PDF; 8.8 MB), November 22, 1989
  14. ↑ Urs Altermatt: Kopp, Elisabeth. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  15. ↑ Georg Stucky: Doubts about PUK clarifications . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , July 13, 1991.
  16. ↑ Alex Baur : When the wind turns, The Kopp affair - The political turning point 18 years ago: A review . In: Die Weltwoche , No. 4/2007
  17. ↑ Decision BGE 116 IV 56
  18. ↑ Urs Mathys : Former Federal Councilor Kopp found solidarity in Schönenwerd . In: Aargauer Tagblatt , October 28, 1989
  19. ↑ Opening of Women's quote pathway ( Memento of 29 September 2007 at the Internet Archive ) on 18 June 2000 in Unterbäch
  20. ↑ Thomas Ribi (rib.): Roses for Elisabeth Kopp . ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , June 30, 2003.
  21. ↑ Kopp: Resigning was a mistake . ( Memento from July 21, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Tages-Anzeiger , December 7, 2006
  22. ↑ Viktor Parma: Greed for Power - Who really rules Switzerland. Nagel & Kimche Verlag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-312-00399-0 .
  23. ^ Helmut Hubacher : Schaubühne Bern - Federal Councilors and other soloists. Zytglogge Verlag, Oberhofen am Thunersee 2007, ISBN 3-7296-0732-4
  24. ↑ Introduction to the film , speech by Christine Egerszegi-Obrist , President of the National Council , premiere ceremony in Solothurn, February 4, 2007
  25. ↑ Hans W. Kopp - a man with many facets . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , January 29, 2009
  26. ↑ Against indifference . In: Swiss Month , No. 990, October 2011 (for increased active citizen participation in democracy);
    Rule of law principle before democracy principle . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , June 11, 2012 (for the independence of federal judges and against their periodic election).
  27. ^ Table of contents ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) of the monthly Reformatio , No. 10, 1975
predecessor Office successor
Rudolf Friedrich Member of the Swiss Federal Council
1984–1989 		Kaspar Villiger
personal data
SURNAME Kopp, Elisabeth
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Iklé, Elisabeth (single name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 16, 1936
PLACE OF BIRTH Zurich