Healthcare in Timișoara
The health system in Timișoara comprises the entire medical care and health behavior of the Banat city of Timișoara in Romania from the beginning to the present, taking into account the medical staff , hospitals , the regulations for the prevention of diseases and the maintenance of health as well as the measures for treatment and Fighting disease. The first reliable sources about medical care in Timisoara have only been available since 1718, when the Banat was a crown and chamber domain of the Habsburg monarchy with the capital Timisoara . In 1737 the first hospital in the city was established by the Order of the Brothers of Mercy . In terms of health and epidemic hygiene, the Banat can be classified as a problematic region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the lack of health insurance, inpatient and outpatient therapies were a cost risk and were therefore rarely used. Rather, folk medical procedures, mixed with religious, ritual and superstitious ideas, persisted into the 20th century.
Immediately after the Second World War (1945) the Faculty of Medicine was brought into being by decree of the King of Romania Michael I. Today the Victor Babes Medical and Pharmaceutical University is a sought-after medical university for students at home and abroad. After 1990, the number of doctors who settled in Timisoara steadily increased. The doctors were given the opportunity to establish contacts with the West and thus introduce the latest medical findings. Many Timisoara doctors managed to equip their clinics with high-quality medical equipment through personal contacts with well-known western institutions. This significantly increased the quality of medical treatment.
After 1990 private medical practices and clinics were opened again in Timișoara. In 1997 the National Health Insurance was introduced. In July 2003, 433 doctors in Timisoara had signed contracts with the health insurance company .
Habsburg Monarchy (1718–1918)
Medical beginnings
Until the 18th century, little is known about the medical care of the Banat. In his travel reports, Francesco Griselini first documented the unhealthy climate that prevailed here at the beginning of the 18th century. According to Griselini, the landscape was a single fever - and epidemic :
“[…] Besides, the waters of the rivers Beg, Temes […] were all left to their own devices; one did not know how to make use of the means offered by hydraulics; if not held up by any dams, they emerged in all lower areas […]. The constant air changes, vapors that rise from so much stinking rotting water, made it [the Banat] a sad stay. "
Heinrich Ottendorf noted as early as 1663 that the fortress had a water tower and an imaret during the Turkish occupation . In addition to the mosques, soup kitchens and hospital wards were set up. In the military garrison there were several field guards and surgeons to treat the soldiers and officers. Likewise, the Turkish fortress is said to have been equipped with a few public baths .
The first reliable sources about medical care in Timisoara have only been available since 1718, when the Banat became a crown and chamber domain of the Habsburg monarchy with the capital Timisoara . These document the precarious health situation as a result of the unhealthy climate, but also the lack of hospitals, doctors, medicines and the most basic hygienic precautions. As a result, the mortality rate was unlikely. Statistics show that in 1718 there were 51 births for 484 deaths in the fortress, and in 1832 there were 1393 deaths for 632 births. The main cause of the high death rate was malaria , which at times assumed epidemic forms. In the period from 1738 to 1739 the great plague epidemic raged , which killed a sixth of the population of Timisoara. Over the course of ten years (1784–1793), 7,682 people out of a total of 9,479 inhabitants died in the fortress alone. Since the old cemetery from 1723 had become too small, in 1749 they were forced to create a new cemetery on the area of today's central park. In the second half of the 18th century, the Banat was hit by severe typhus epidemics as a result of the ongoing flooding. Besides the personal physician of the governor Claudius Florimund Mercy , there were only a few military doctors and field officers in the fortress. In 1729 the first civil doctors, Franz Dease and Edmund Hochberg, came .
A series of disasters such as cholera , plague, typhus, an earthquake and a major fire struck Timisoara one after the other between 1728 and 1739. The few doctors in town were hopelessly overwhelmed. In 1738, when the great plague epidemic broke out, a health commission was established, an additional six doctors came to the city and the soldiers were housed in hospitals outside the fortress. On June 20, 1738, the Viennese court chamber ordered the corpses to be cremated as the swampy landscape did not allow proper burial. Despite all these measures, the epidemic lasted until March 28, 1739. Some of the doctors themselves fell victim to the plague. To commemorate this disaster, the Rosalienkapelle was inaugurated in May 1739 . Up until 1914, processions were held here every year on May 15th . Jean de Jean von Hansen or Johann Anton Deschan von Hansen , former chairman of the health commission, donated the plague column on Domplatz on May 23, 1756 at their own expense as thanks for the extinction of the plague.
Measures to improve health
The first step to improve the health situation was to drain the swamps by building the Bega Canal (1728–1765). The city's first aqueduct was very primitive. The water was drawn directly from the Bega and fed into the fortress through wooden pipes. After the visit of the co-regent Joseph II. In 1732, he ordered the construction of a new water tower to supply the fortress with drinking water. Only the construction of a well (1744) by the engineer Karl Alexander Steinlein created reasonably pure drinking water.
The city's sanitary conditions were extremely precarious. The storage of rubbish, dung and trash around the houses were constant sources of infection. A patent from 1770 issued the first ordinances on the city's cleanliness. The homeowners were obliged to create cesspools, sweep the street to the middle of the lane every Saturday and collect the rubbish. Eight horse-drawn carriages took care of the removal of household waste every Friday. In 1806 a medical commission was set up to monitor the cleanliness of the streets and squares and in 1811 a major campaign against the rat plague was started.
But these measures were unsuccessful as long as the problem of the sewage that rotted in the fortress ditches and formed the number one focus of infection was not resolved. After persistent negotiations between the civil and military administrations , a four-kilometer-long canal was dug that led north of the Bega to around the area of what is now the Ronaț district and discharged the sewage from the fortress moat.
Sexually transmitted diseases were added to all the epidemics around the middle of the 18th century . On June 23, 1752, the chairman of the provincial administration received notification that the court chamber in Vienna had deported 64 women between the ages of 16 and 25 who had been accused of fornication to the Banat. Such deportations, which lasted until 1769, contributed to prostitution and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. In 1762 alone 106 men and 151 women were treated for syphilis in the Citizens Hospital .
Another step in improving health was educating the population. Mayor Josef Klapka regularly published advice on preventing and combating diseases in the Banat magazine for agriculture, trade, arts and crafts . In 1843 the first national congress for doctors and natural scientists took place in Timisoara .
The healing methods included treating wounds , suppurations , skin diseases, as well as bloodletting and extraction of teeth . Better trained surgeons also mastered the treatment of bone fractures , amputations and, as an ophthalmological procedure, the so-called star stitch . The surgeons were mainly involved in the treatment of cut, stab and bite injuries.
During the reign of Emperor Joseph II and thus coinciding with the third and last Swabian procession, considerable increases in quality were achieved in the area of medical training. Military surgeons and surgeons, who were mainly based in the garrison town of Timisoara, had been trained at the Josefinum in Vienna since 1785 . Even civil surgeons and doctors had to have completed at least two years of university medical training since 1788. Likewise, each county center had to employ at least one university-trained doctor and one subordinate surgeon.
Epidemics and epidemics
malaria
In the 18th century, the "Banatian climate" soon gained a notorious reputation. In the period 1720–1730, so-called “ malaria ”, or malaria , was a common and feared disease. Medical practice was initially completely helpless when it came to the spread of this disease, later the vegetable quinine provided some relief for those suffering from malaria.
In the 1750s, during the Theresian settlement , mala fever again increased. The problem was finally solved by abandoning the dwellings in depressions and relocating them to higher places.
bubonic plague
In 1738 the Banat was ravaged by the bubonic plague that was brought in by army and refugee trains from the south and south-east of the region. Of the six “Merciful Brothers” who cared for the sick, four were killed themselves. Of the approximately 6000 inhabitants of Timisoara, around 1000 succumbed to the epidemic. In Timişoara, the Trinity Column was inaugurated on Cathedral Square in 1742 to commemorate the victims of plague, hunger and war.
STDs
In the 1750s, eleven so-called water thrusts were documented. During these attacks , delinquents and "dissolute women" from the Austrian half of the empire were forcibly deported to the Banat, which contributed to the spread of venereal diseases.
Typhoid fever
In addition to malaria, the "Hungarian fever", a type of typhoid fever with corresponding effects on the nervous system, was also widespread in the phase of the Theresian settlement . This fever, also shown in the death registers as "hungaricus disease", was caused by the fact that the new settlers' dwellings had not dried out properly or had been built on poor ground from the start.
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The feared pox could already be stopped in the first decade of the 19th century with the implementation of smallpox vaccinations . According to tradition, smallpox has been fought in the Banat since the 18th century by giving small children milk from cows infected with smallpox. This custom was mainly widespread among the Romanian population.
Asian cholera
In 1828 the so-called "Asian Cholera" broke out in Timisoara and claimed thousands of victims. Preventive hygiene measures and strict quarantine measures were introduced in the fortress. The cholera was from Galicia by Ruthenian introduced salt rafters. The cholera years of 1832 and 1836, 1848 to 1849, 1866 and 1873 are documented as real "years of horror".
Other diseases
The infant mortality rate in the 18th century was considerable. The cause of the high death rate in infants and small children is given in the death registers as fever . Tuberculosis and lung diseases were also common. Likewise, the "phrenesis", a brain disease usually accompanying typhoid.
In terms of health and epidemic hygiene, the Banat can be classified as a problematic region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the lack of health insurance, inpatient and outpatient therapies were a cost risk and were therefore rarely used. Rather, folk medical procedures, mixed with religious, ritual and superstitious ideas, persisted into the 20th century.
First hospitals
Mercy Hospital
As early as December 12, 1734, the commanding state president Johann Andreas Graf von Hamilton ordered the establishment of a "proper hospital" in the fortress. A year later, the Nepomuk Brotherhood began building a hospital. On November 1, 1737, the hospital was entrusted to the Order of the Brothers of Mercy. With the approval of Emperor Charles VI. six friars arrived in Timisoara. They opened the first pharmacy in the city, Zum Granat Apfel , in the right wing of the building . The Church of the Brothers of Mercy on Piața 700 was built between 1748 and 1757 on the site of the medicine cabinet . Between 1817 and 1840 the hospital concluded regular contracts with the guilds for free treatment of the sick. In 1914 the Mercy Hospital had 14 beds, a doctor and two nurses. In 1918 50 beds had already been set up. Today the clinic for ophthalmology (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic de Oftalmologie ) is located in the building of the former Mercy Hospital .
Citizens Hospital
Mayor Peter Solderer campaigned for the establishment of a city hospital during his tenure. For this purpose he left the city with 50 guilders in his will. On September 7, 1744, the magistrate submitted a request to the state administration for approval of the building site opposite the Brothers of Mercy Hospital. On February 24, 1745, the state administration transferred 250 guilders for the construction of the new citizens' hospital . For financial reasons, the building was only completed after twelve years (1757). After completion, however, only a quarter of the building was used for hospital purposes. The rest of the building housed the post office, the municipal calibration office, an asylum and a restaurant. Although these institutions brought the hospital annual rental income of 1227 guilders, these did not cover the financial needs by far. The deficit has been increased through donations and charity events. It was only after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848/49 , when the town hospital burned down almost completely, that the city made 17,672 guilders available for the reconstruction of the building. After the reconstruction, all external facilities were outsourced, the number of sickrooms increased from four to six, a dressing room, a room for infectious diseases and a delivery room were set up. The latest findings in surgery were also introduced, for example the antiseptic method of the English doctor J. Lister, the gastric resection according to Billroth and steam sterilization . Today the clinic for dermatology and venereal diseases (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic de Dermatologie și Boli Venerice ) is housed in the building.
Military hospital
The third hospital in the fortress was the military hospital , also known as the garrison hospital . The hospital was built between 1744 and 1766 and added to between 1817 and 1818. The military hospital is an imposing building in baroque style and extends over an entire square. The first operation under anesthesia was performed here in 1847, a method that has only been practiced worldwide since 1846. During the siege of the fortress by the revolutionary troops in 1849, the hospital caught fire from artillery fire and could not be extinguished despite the deployment of the military fire brigade.
Four years after the siege of 1849, which claimed 2,000 victims, the city's three hospitals were fully operational again.
In the second half of the 19th century the health system improved considerably. Private practices were established, new pharmacies opened and the number of medical staff increased significantly. In 1898 there were 39 doctors, 44 midwives, four hospitals and ten pharmacies in Timisoara. In the same year the rescue service was founded. He had three boats, three carriages, twelve stretchers and twelve doctor's bags at his disposal. The rescue service was only equipped with vehicles in the interwar period.
Children's Hospital
The children's clinic in Timișoara was built in 1902 with financial support from Anton Sailer . He donated 51,000 crowns to the White Cross Association , half of the amount needed to build the hospital. Anton Sailer was born in Arad and worked as a merchant in Timisoara. He donated his acquired fortune for charitable purposes. In 1904 he was made an honorary citizen of Timișoara . In his honor, his bust was erected in front of the main hospital building in 1906, in the middle of the former Horațiu Square, today's Queen Maria Square. In 1913 the pediatric surgery department was set up with ten beds, and between 1931 and 1942 the building was raised and expanded to 100 beds.
First doctors (selection)
In the 19th century, a number of doctors were involved in combating cholera, plague and similar diseases:
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Romania (1919 until today)
Medical advances
After 1918, the health system developed in line with the population growth. In 1914 the city had 62 doctors, 53 midwives, 50 nurses and 34 pharmacists available to provide health care for the 72,000 residents.
The construction of the slaughterhouse , ice cream factory and milk station in the interwar period enabled healthier food to be produced, which was an important step towards improving the health of the population. In 1918, vaccinations against scarlet fever , diphtheria and chickenpox were made mandatory.
In the period from 1919 to 1935, health care was consolidated through the diverse activities of the newly founded private clinics. The "Medical Society", which was founded in 1936, organized conferences, consultations, and documentary trips to Bucharest , Cluj , Athens and Cairo . The city's 97,000 residents were cared for by 186 doctors.
In 1940 there were 31 homes and social stations in Timișoara: the deaf and dumb asylum, the home for the blind, the Caritas ward, the night asylum, two orphanages, two poor houses, two poor kitchens, four crèches and a nursing home. From the five existing city baths, the Neptunbad was redesigned to a thermal bath with therapeutic applications. Changing rooms with showers were introduced in the factories. A large-scale campaign to combat alcohol abuse has been launched. The "God Templar Society" campaigned for the introduction of Prohibition .
Fighting prostitution was one of the major health care tasks of the interwar period. The moral police had far too few staff to deal with the situation. In order to curb sexually transmitted diseases, women were treated free of charge from 1927 onwards. In 1929 there were a total of 1,196 cases of syphilis. Two years later, 301 women were officially registered, but the number of unreported cases was far higher. When the Ministry of Health issued a “Decree to Combat Prostitution” in 1934, more drastic measures were taken.
Despite advances in health care in the interwar period, there were still enough shortcomings. Overpriced medication, insufficient hospital capacity and a shortage of doctors were some of them. The children's hospital, the epidemic sanatorium and the gynecological clinic were responsible for the whole Banat and were by no means up to the requirements.
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On November 3, 1948, the hospitals were nationalized; on April 2, 1949, the pharmacies and medical laboratories also fell victim to expropriation in Romania . After the Second World War, the number of hospitals and doctors steadily increased. The medical care and the medication were free of charge, but the doctors were denied contact with the latest medical findings and the introduction of the most modern medical devices and equipment from abroad.
In 1956, the health sector in Timişoara had 546 doctors, 141 pharmacists, 1052 nurses and 105 carers. In 1977 there were already 6009 people working in the medical field.
In 1971 the city had eight hospitals with around 3,000 beds for inpatient treatment. Seven polyclinics, 66 medical practices, each with several doctors, and 25 pharmacies were available for outpatient care. The thermal bath on the Bega was and still is a special feature . It is fed by a thermal spring with a temperature of 52 degrees Celsius , which was found during drilling in 1965 at a depth of 1200 meters. The main focus here is on rheumatic complaints.
After 1990, the number of doctors who settled in Timişoara increased steadily. The doctors were given the opportunity to establish contacts with the West and thus introduce the latest medical findings. Many Timisoara doctors managed to equip their clinics with high-quality medical equipment through personal contacts with well-known western institutions. This significantly increased the quality of medical treatment. The latest findings in nuclear medicine , immunology , allergy , computed tomography , endoscopy and human genetics were introduced.
The health system was built on two pillars, public and private institutions. The society “Help for Romania” financed the establishment of the center for early diagnosis and rehabilitation (Romanian: Centrul de Diagnostic precoce și reabilitare ). The center is equipped with a school for training medical staff. The regional blood transfusion center (Romanian: Centrul Regional de Transfuzie sanguină ) was equipped with the latest technology with funds from the PHARE program and the World Bank .
After 1990 private medical practices and clinics were opened again in Timișoara. In 1997 the National Health Insurance Fund was introduced, with which on July 31, 2003 433 doctors had signed contracts.
Modern hospitals
Clinic for Gynecology and Gynecology Bega, 2010
Institute for Hygiene and Public Health Dr. Victor Babes, 2010
Louis Țurcanu Children's Hospital, 2010
Ophthalmology Clinic
University Clinic for Oncology and Dermato-Venereology
Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate of Transportation, 2010
Military Accident Hospital Dr. Victor Popescu, 2010
District Hospital, 2010
Casa Austria Accident Clinic, 2010
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Infectious Disease and Pneumology Hospital Dr. Victor Babes (1920)
In 1920, three pavilions of the hospital for lung and infectious diseases with 130 beds were built in the hunting forest (Romanian: Pădurea Verde ) . The physician Alfred Metz achieved special merits in the organization and management of the functional laboratory activities and the hematology of the infectious hospital between 1930 and 1939. The hospital for infectious diseases and pulmonology was established here in 1952. Victor Babeş (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic de Boli Infecțioase si Pneumofiziologie Dr. Victor Babeş .) The pneumology department has 75 beds, 60 of which are for tuberculosis and the infectious diseases department has 60 beds, of which four are for AIDS patients. The hospital also has a smoking cessation department .
Bega University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics (1920)
In 1920 Aurel Cândea led the purchase of three interconnected buildings on Bulevardul Victor Babeş in Elisabethstadt and moved the surgical department of the Citizens' Hospital with 90 beds here. The Begaspital , the city's first modern clinic, was founded. In 1929 the clinic was expanded with the establishment of the departments for radiology , urology and ENT . The Begaspital received the name of its founder Dr. Aurel Cândea (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic Dr. Aurel Cândea ). In addition, the bronze bust of the namesake was placed in front of the building . From this emerged after the nationalization of 1948 the Clinic for Gynecology and Gynecology Bega (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic de Obstetrică și Ginecologie Bega ). In 1970 the women's clinic had 425 beds and employed 226 doctors.
University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Dr. Dumitru Popescu (1921)
The gynecologist Ludwig Diel founded the second women's sanatorium in Temeswars in 1921 in Josefstadt . Diehl studied surgery and gynecology at the University of Budapest and then completed several advanced training courses with Professors Hans von Haberer and August Bier . After the nationalization in 1948, the University Clinic for Gynecology and Gynecology Dr. Dumitru Popescu in the IV. District of Iosefin .
Institute for Hygiene and Public Health Dr. Victor Babes (1926)
Special merits in the development of modern medicine in Timişoara can be attributed to the doctor Ioan Telegut. In 1926 he started a broad fundraising campaign in the Timiș , Arad and Bihor counties . Six million lei came together within eight years . So the first hygiene institute could be established. This resulted in the Institute for Hygiene and Public Health Dr. Victor Babeș (Romanian: Institutul de Igienă si Sănătate Publică Dr. Victor Babeș ). The bust of the Romanian pathologist and namesake Victor Babes stands in front of the institute .
Louis Țurcanu Children's Hospital (1931)
1931–1942 the building of the children's clinic, which had existed since 1902, was raised and expanded to 100 beds. In 1945, after the opening of the Medical and Pharmaceutical University Victor Babes , one of the first university hospitals in Timisoara was established in the children's clinic. After the nationalization in 1948, the adjacent sanatoriums PARC and Burian were attached to the children's clinic , so that the capacity of the house could be increased to 180 beds; Emil Hurmuzache became the first director . Between 1950 and 1952 the clinic was expanded with two two-story wings. The hospital was expanded to 250 beds and received an outpatient department, a lecture room for students, a library and a dining room for mothers. In 1962 the later namesake, Louis Țurcanu, became director of the children's clinic.
Ophthalmology Clinic (1947)
On October 1, 1948, the Mercy Hospital was nationalized. The University Clinic for Ophthalmology was established in the building. Its development began in 1947 in the Bürgerspital under the direction of Nikolaus Blatt and was transferred to the Barmherzigenspital a year later. Nikolaus Blatt was the first director of the newly founded eye clinic.
University Clinic for Oncology and Dermato-Venerology (1949)
After the establishment of the Medical and Pharmaceutical University Victor Babeș , the dermatological clinic with a department for cancer patients was established in the citizen's hospital in 1949. The building is located in the old city center and was the first city hospital in Romania.
University Hospital New Clinics (1950)
In 1950 the New Clinic (Romanian Clinicile Noi ) was built in the building of the former cadet school in the Elisabetin district. This included a department for general medicine, one for surgery, one for neurology and one for radiology. Initially, the New Clinic was active in Begaspital until it moved into the building next to the Botanical Garden in 1974. The New Clinic is one of the most important hospitals in the Banat. Today it bears the official name Munizipalkrankenhaus (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic Municipal ).
Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate for Transportation (1959)
In 1959, the Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate for Transport (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic CFR Timișoara ) was set up, Pius Brânzeu took over its management and held it until 1981. The Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate for Transport was subordinate to the Ministry of Transport until 2012 and was then incorporated into the Ministry of Health.
Military Hospital for Trauma Surgery Dr. Victor Popescu (1969)
The first university clinic for internal medicine and the first surgical university clinic were set up in the military hospital under the direction of Professors Ana Aslan and Ion Făgărăşanu . Here, Doctor Pius Brânzeu laid the foundation for vascular surgery . Today the military hospital for trauma surgery is Dr. Victor Popescu (Romanian: Spitalul Militar de Urgență Dr. Victor Popescu ) one of the most modern hospitals of the Romanian army .
Timișoara District Hospital for Emergency Medicine (1974)
The constant increase in population resulted in the construction of a new, modern hospital. Between 1970 and 1974 the new district hospital (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic Județean ) with 770 beds was built in the Calea Girocului development area , the largest and most important hospital in western Romania. The co-founder and first director of the district hospital was Ferdinand Nistor-Gallo , one of the greatest sponsors of the Banat health system. As director of the district hospital, he set up the first dialysis unit and carried out the first kidney transplant . The county hospital also runs a school for training medical staff.
Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases ASCAR (1979)
In 1979 the Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases ASCAR (Romanian: Clinica de Cardiologie vasculară ASCAR ) was founded by Luca Stanciu at number 12 Bulevardul Revoluţiei . The clinic has a cardiac surgery department .
Casualty Hospital Casa Austria (2003)
The casualty hospital Casa Austria deserves a special mention among the private clinics . The hospital was built on May 16, 2003 at the instigation of the Vienna trauma surgeon Johannes Poigenfürst according to the most modern European standards.
In 2005 Timişoara had 16 state hospitals, 35 private clinics, and 80 pharmacies. There were 1179 resident physicians and 1129 dentists working.
Municipal Hospital for Emergency Medicine (2011)
The Municipal Clinic for Emergency Medicine ( Romanian Spitalul Clinic Municipal de Urgență ) was founded by the resolution of the City Council number 1990 of October 6, 2011 through the merger of several city hospitals. The aim of the alliance is to ensure more efficient and comprehensive healthcare. The municipal clinic has 23 departments with 1024 beds, half of which are surgical beds.
Charitable institutions
On June 21, 1993 the Caritas Association of the Diocese of Timisoara was founded as a non-profit organization. The Caritas Association is active in the Timiș, Arad, Caraș-Severin and Mehedinți districts of the Timişoara diocese . He advocates the social, material and psychological concerns of children from problem families, victims of violence, addicts, the terminally ill and other people in emergency situations. The Caritas Association takes care of their accommodation, provides medical care, psychological support, organizes educational and cultural offers, and provides advice.
Mother-child house
To protect children from problem families, the Caritas Association Timişoara founded the “Mother-Child House” on “Strada Ioan Slavici No. 56” on February 26, 2004. The mother-child house is run in collaboration with the Congregation of Benedictine Sisters . In addition to accommodation and care, the children also receive lessons and learning assistance. Birthday parties are organized as well as trips to summer camps in Nădrag and the Retezat Mountains . Young people are also supported in their vocational training. The project is financially supported by Caritas Seckau - Graz , the Catholic parish of St. Johannes Heidelberg , the parish of Ebensfeld , the association "Vif" Meran , the Heidelberg College and the "Aktiv Hilfe für Kinder" Meran. From the Romanian side, the project receives financial support according to "Law 34/1998 on Subsidy of Associations and Foundations Working in the Social Field".
Divine Mercy Hospice
In 1994, the Caritas Association of the Diocese of Timisoara initiated a mainly medical project for home care . It turned out that in many cases the families were overwhelmed with the care of their relatives or that there were no relatives at all. So the idea of setting up a hospice grew to accompany patients in the terminal stages of their illness. As a result, the Caritas Association of the Diocese of Timisoara founded the Hospice of Divine Mercy in the Franciscan monastery at “Strada Memorandului No. 84” in Timisoara in 2006 in cooperation with the “Congregation of the Daughters of St. Francis of Assisi ” . The Franciscan monastery supports the project by providing the living space and the voluntary work of the Franciscan Sisters . On November 25, 2006 the first center for terminal care “Hospice of Divine Mercy” was inaugurated in Timisoara as a joint project of Caritas of the Diocese of Timisoara and the Franciscan Sisters. The project is supported by doctors trained in euthanasia and the Cancer Association Timişoara “OncoHelp”. The hospice has ten beds and provides euthanasia for 200 to 250 patients annually.
Medical University and University Clinics
Medical university
Immediately after the Second World War was on 15 July 1945 in the building of the former Banatia the former king of Romania by decree Michael I. the Medicine Faculty launched. After the nationalization of the entire health system by Decree 178 of August 3, 1948, the Medical Institute was established . As a result of the establishment of the medical university, the first university clinics came into being.
The University of Medicine had four faculties: general medicine , pediatrics , hygiene and stomatology . In the main building, the seat of the rectorate, the large lecture hall with 360 seats and the central library were set up. The lectures for general medicine and pediatrics took place here. The Faculty of Hygiene developed its activities in the Hygiene Institute, while the stomatological faculty was housed in the building of the polyclinic.
Since 1955 the medical university has published its own specialist journal "Medical Timisoara". This gave the university lecturers the opportunity to publish their clinical and scientific work. The magazine was delivered to universities in 35 countries.
Today the university bears the official name Medical and Pharmaceutical University Victor Babeș (Romanian: Universitatea de Medicină și Farmacie ) and has three departments: the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Dentistry and the Faculty of Pharmacy. Medical studies have been offered here in English or French since 1997 . For some years now, the number of students from the European Union has been increasing . After the standard study period of six years, the degree is recognized throughout the EU. University students pay 4,000 euros per year for the foreign-language courses. An entrance examination is not necessary, a translated high school diploma and a language certificate for the language of instruction English or French are sufficient. Almost 4,300 students are currently studying in the English-speaking branch of the Victor Babeş Medical University alone. For the University in Timişoara, the foreign language course is a financial support, as the education budget is tight and the health system is underfunded.
University hospitals
- Military Hospital for Trauma Surgery Dr. Victor Popescu
The first university clinic for internal medicine and the first university clinic for surgery (Romanian: Clinica de Chirurgie I ) were set up in the military hospital . Here, Doctor Pius Brânzeu laid the foundation for vascular surgery. Today the former garrison hospital is called the Military Hospital for Trauma Surgery Dr. Victor Popescu (Romanian: Spitalul Militar de Urgență Dr. Victor Popescu )
- Ophthalmology Clinic
The University Clinic for Ophthalmology (Romanian: Clinica de Oftalmologie ) was established in the building of the Barmherzig Hospital in 1948 . Its development began in 1947 in the Bürgerspital under the direction of Nikolaus Blatt and was transferred to the Barmherzigenspital a year later. Nikolaus Blatt was the first director of the newly founded eye clinic.
- Louis Țurcanu Children's Hospital
After the opening of the medical university, one of the first university hospitals in Timișoara was established in the children's clinic. After the nationalization in 1948, the adjacent sanatoriums PARC and Burian were attached to the children's clinic , so that the capacity of the house could be increased to 180 beds; Emil Hurmuzache became the first director . Today the clinic is called the Children's Hospital Louis Țurcanu (Romanian: Spitalul de Copii Louis Țurcanu )
- University Clinic for Oncology and Dermato-Venereology
After the establishment of the Medical and Pharmaceutical University Victor Babeș, the dermatological clinic with a department for cancer patients was established in the citizen's hospital in 1949. Today, the University Clinic for Oncology and Dermato-Venerology (Romanian: Clinica Universitară de Oncologie și Dermato-Venerice ) is located at Strada Mărășești number 5 .
- University Hospital New Clinics
In 1950 the first university clinic was set up in the “New Clinic” (Romanian: Clinicile Noi ). Well-known personalities worked at this clinic, such as Ana Aslan (1946–1949) as clinic director and Alexander Miletici and Alfred Metz as deputy directors. After Henry Aubert, Rector of the Medical University took over the management of the clinic, new avenues were opened up for research and technology in cardiovascular surgery. Today the University Hospital New Clinics is the most important clinic of the Municipal Hospital for Emergency Medicine Timișoara (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic Municipal de Urgență Timișoara )
- Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate of Transportation
The third university clinic was established in 1964 in the Surgical Clinic of the Regional Directorate for Transport (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic CFR ) after Pius Brânzeu was appointed Rector of the Medical University.
- District hospital
From 1974 the newly founded district hospital (Romanian: Spitalul Clinic Județean ), today the district hospital for emergency medicine Timișoara , was added as the most important university hospital. The hospital was equipped according to the latest standards and operated a lyceum for the training of nurses and nursing staff (Romanian: Liceul sanitar ).
Doctors (selection)
Selection of some important doctors in Timisoara in the 20th century:
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defects
As in the rest of the country, the health system in Timisoara is underfunded. Of the 3,000 doctors who emigrated from Romania in 2010, 200 were from Timiș County alone , the vast majority of them from the Timișoara county capital. The lack of recognition and low wages are among the main reasons for emigration . Abroad, on the other hand, it is not only better pay but also professional training that is attractive. In Romania, an assistant doctor earns an average of 250 euros per month, while in Western Europe he easily gets five to ten times that and also works with more modern technology. The massive exodus of doctors is reflected in long waiting times, overtime for the remaining staff and poor treatment results. All of this means that the ubiquitous corruption in Romania does not stop at the health care system. Paying bribes is common and is taken for granted. The respective sums are spread through word of mouth .
literature
- Petre Iliesu: Timisoara. History of a European City. Planetarium Verlag, Timișoara 2005, ISBN 973-97327-4-7
- Thomas Breier: The history of medicine Temeswars 1718–1990. Schrobenhausen 2003
- Ioan and Rodica Munteanu: Timișoara. Monograph , Editura Miton 2002, ISBN 973-585-650-6 (Romanian)
- Francesco Griselini: From the attempt at a political and natural history of the Timisoara Banat in letters 1716 - 1778 , Verlag des Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk, Munich 1969
- Johann N. Preyer : Monograph of the Royal Free City of Timisoara (1853), Kessinger Publishings, ISBN 116-019-770-9
- Ilknur Gün: Medical care and health behavior in the " Danube Swabian" settlement areas of Banat and Sathmar in the former Hungary (1700-1918) ( Aachen dissertations on the history, theory and ethics of medicine , Volume 4), Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2009, ISBN 978-3 -8322-8237-0
Web links
- www.umft.ro , History of the Medical and Pharmaceutical University of Victor Babes
- primariatm.ro , Sănătatea publică in Timişoara modernă şi contemporană
- cjtimis.ro (PDF; 3.9 MB), Ocrotirea sănătății si protecția socială
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ilknur Gün: Medical care and health behavior in the " Danube Swabian" settlement areas of Banat and Sathmar in the former Hungary (1700-1918). Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8322-8237-0 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Ioan and Rodica Munteanu: Timișoara. Monograph. Editura Miton 2002, ISBN 973-585-650-6 .
- ^ A b AOK Federal Association : The Health System in Romania
- ↑ a b c d e f g Petre Iliesu: Timisoara. History of a European City. Planetarium Verlag, Timișoara 2005, ISBN 973-97327-4-7 .
- ^ Francesco Griselini : From the attempt of a political and natural history of the Temeswar Banat in letters 1716 - 1778. Verlag des Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk, Munich 1969.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Thomas Breier: The history of medicine in Temeswars 1718–1990. Schrobenhausen 2003.
- ↑ a b Else von Schuster: A tour of Timisoara. O plimbare prin Timișoara. ADZ- Verlag, 1996.
- ↑ a b c d www.spital-copii-timisoara.info , website of the children's clinic Spitalul Clinic de Urgenta pentru Copii "Louis Țurcanu" Timișoara , in Romanian
- ^ Hans-Heinrich Rieser: Timisoara. Geographical description of the Banat capital. Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1992, ISBN 3-7995-2501-7 .
- ↑ cabinete-medicale , Spitalul Clinic De Boli Infectioase Si Pneumofiziologie Dr. Victor Babes Timisoara
- ↑ ziuadevest.ro ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Spitalul CFR Timișoara trece din subordinea Ministerului Transporturilor la Ministerul Sănătăţii , January 24, 2013 (Romanian).
- ↑ ascar.umft.ro , Clinica de Cardiologie ASCAR
- ↑ www.spitalul-municipal-timisoara.ro , Spitalul Clinic Municipal de Urgență Timișoara (Romanian)
- ↑ ederatia-caritas.ro , Caritas Association Timişoara
- ↑ Mother and Child House Timisoara ( Memento of the original from June 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Sustainable projects
- ↑ hospice-timisoara.org ( Memento of September 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Hospice of Divine Mercy, reports
- ^ Diepresse.com , Die Presse , Anna Lindner and Natalie Lazar: Medicine: Numerus-clausus-Flucht in den Osten , July 24, 2011
- ↑ www.tmj.ro (PDF; 125 kB), Viorel Bucuras: In Memoriam Professor Petru Dragan , 2007, in English
- ↑ banaterzeitungonline.com , Banater Zeitung , Ana Saliste: Romanian health system remains without doctors , February 14, 2011
- ↑ facingeurope.eu : Health Construction Site , September 24, 2012
