High Dörnberg
| High Dörnberg | ||
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 View from the Bärenberg tower on the Großer Bärenberg to the east over the valley of the warm to the Hohen Dörnberg |
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| height | 578.7 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Habichtswald Nature Park ; District of Kassel , Hessen ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Dörnberg and Schreckenberge , Habichtswälder Bergland | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 21 '16 " N , 9 ° 20' 50" E | |
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| rock | Basalt , tuff | |
| particularities | Ring wall , glider airfield , nature reserve | |
The Hohe Dörnberg , mostly just called Dörnberg , is 578.7 m above sea level. NHN is by far the highest elevation in the natural area Dörnberg and Schreckenberge in the Habichtswälder Bergland . Located in the Habichtswald Nature Park , it belongs to the community of Habichtswald and the town of Zierenberg in the northern Hessian district of Kassel .
geography
location
The Hohe Dörnberg rises in the south of the natural area Dörnberg and Schreckenberge and in the northeast of the Habichtswald Nature Park , the northern border of which runs around its massif to the north. It belongs to the areas of the community Habichtswald and the city of Zierenberg . Its summit is about 11 km west-north-west of Kassel's city center , 4.5 km south of Ehrsten and 3.5 km south-south-west of Fürstenwald (both to Calden ), 3.5 km south-west of Weimar ( Ahnatal ), 1.5 km north-north-east of Dörnberg (Habichtswald) and 3.5 km (as the crow flies ) southeast of the city center of Zierenberg. The Zierenberg hamlets of Friedrichstein and Heilerbach are located on the west to north-west slopes of the mountain .
At a distance of 5 km are the high points of the Hohem Habichtswald ( Hohes Gras , 614.8 m ; in the south) and Hinterhabichtswälder Kuppen ( Bärenberg , 600.7 m ; in the west) , which still dominate the Hohe Dörnberg .
Natural allocation
→ For details, see the section on natural allocation and structure of the article Dörnberg and Schreckenberge
The Hohe Dörnberg belongs in the natural spatial main unit group West Hessian mountain and sink country (No. 34) and in the main unit Habichtswälder Bergland (342) to the subunit Dörnberg and Schreckenberge (342.3).
Hilltops
The Dörnberg massif includes these mountain peaks at a distance from the Hohen Dörnberg - sorted descending by height in meters (m) above sea level (NHN):
- Hoher Dörnberg ( Dörnberg ; 578.7 m ) - after clearing with good views, especially in the north and west; with around 1.1 km long, triangular ring wall
- Helfenstein ( Helfensteine ; 509.8 m ) - just under 1 km north; towering, woodless basalt rocks
- Kleiner Dörnberg ( Zierenberger Kuppe ; 481.6 m ) - 1.7 km northwest; Unforested basalt dome south of the mountain pass ( 363.2 m ) on the Galgenberg
- Hohlestein ( 476.6 m ) - 1.2 km east-southeast; old place of worship and sacrifice
- Katzenstein (approx. 430 m ) - 1.4 km southeast; island-like, wooded hilltop near the Hohlestein
- Hangar Stone ( 418.5 m ) - 2.3 km northeast; wooded hilltop with hangar stone lake
Streams and watershed
The Dörnberg massif lies on the watershed between Fulda and Diemel belonging to the Diemel-Eder / Fulda / Weser watershed . Coming from the south from the Hohen Habichtswald or Dörnbergpass, in the area of which it runs over the Habichtstein hilltop, it stretches in the form of a semicircle open to the east from southeast to northeast over most of the hilltops of the Dörnberg massif: Hohlestein , Hoher Dörnberg , Helfenstein and Hangarstein . Then it migrates to the northeast to the Langen- and Staufenbergplatte . Little Dörnberg is located a little west of the watershed .
All flowing waters in the massive area to the west of this ridge line drain via the warmth flowing northwards to the Diemel , while those in the east flow over the ancestor of the Fulda , which ultimately flows south-eastwards . Fulda and Diemel flow into the Weser .
Most of the streams that arise on the Dörnberg massif are short. The Nebelbeeke swelling on the north slope of the Helfenstein , which is 10.8 km long and thus the longest body of water coming from the massif, flows north-north-west through the Westuffeln Depression and flows into the warmth. The Lubach ( called Laubach in the upper reaches ; 4.9 km) and its tributary Kressenborn (2.7 km) - both coming from the Hohen Habichtswald - pass the Hohen Dörnberg in the south and southwest, and finally flow northwest into the warmth. The Heilerbach (1.8 km) coming from the Wichtelkirche also flows westward into this . On the other hand , the 4.8 km long Dorfbach (also called Servitutgraben ), which rises on the eastern slope of the Hohe Dörnberg , drains in a northeastern direction to the ancestor .
geology
The Hohe Dörnberg is a basalt and tuff stone mountain and was an active volcano 10 million years ago in the Miocene of the Neogene . The basalt is a limburgite of the basaltoid trachydolerite . The mantle of the mountain was formed by huge masses of tufa, into which the eruptive basaltic magma penetrated, but only a small part of it came to the surface. A shell limestone ridge with light gray rock debris is located on the north-western and northern edge. Most of the rest of the Dörnberg massif consists of limestone .
history
Prehistory and early history
The Hohe Dörnberg was already in the 3rd millennium BC. Settled . A particularly long-lasting settlement can be proven in the Iron Age . In 1920 some well-preserved arrowheads made of white flint were found in the area . In addition, a sharp-nosed stone ax with a pierced hole was discovered at the Friedrichstein colony (laid out in 1777) to the west of Hohen Dörnberg . In 1910 some broken pieces and a lance shoe from the 11th century were found during clearing work.
On the little wooded summit plateau of the Hohen Dörnberg , the structure of an approximately 1.1 km long, almost triangular ring wall can still be clearly seen. Its age is not known beyond doubt, it probably comes from the Neolithic .
There are traces of soil of unclear age around the Helfenstein basalt group . Ceramic shards from the late Hallstatt / early La Tène period (6th / 5th century BC) were found there. To the south of it is the basalt formation Immelburg , where a stone wall was discovered that suggests pre-Christian settlement and shards from the 12th / 13th centuries. Century were found. A high medieval castle with a moat and rampart may have stood there.
In 1071 the German King Heinrich IV entrenched himself on the plateau of the mountain, while his adversary Otto von Northeim set up camp on the other side of the warm on the Burghasunger Berg - where the Hasungen monastery was located .
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Blumenstein Castle was located in the Heilerbach valley between Hohem and Kleinem Dörnberg . It stood on a bare basalt rock, called Wichtelkirche , because the rock resembles a church.
Modern times
In 1865, Louis Kolitz painted the oil painting View from the slope of the Dörnberg to Burghasungen at the foot of the Hohen Dörnberg . At the beginning of the 20th century, on the northern part of the summit plateau of the Hohen Dörnberg , stood next to a 578.6 m above sea level. NN lying trigonometric point an observation tower .
Since 1923 gliding (see below in the paragraph gliding ) has been operated on the Hohen Dörnberg . From 1948 to 1949 the hiking trails Alpenpfad and Jägerpfad were laid out by the Hessisch-Waldeckischer Gebirgs- und Heimatverein (HWGHV). From 1961 to 1963 the State of Hesse at the foot of the Helfenstein built the Jugendhof Dörnberg (educational institution of the State of Hesse), which was closed at the end of 2000; from 1968 to 1972 the Kassel film collective existed here . In 1968, the cafe and the restaurant was Dörnberg house and in 2004 Friedrichstein located Bergcafe Friedrichstein opened. From 2007 to August 2015 there was a seminar and event center on the extensive site, the Helfensteine center with the Eden restaurant-café . The community of Lebensbogen (Lebensbogen e.G.) has been the owner of the center since August 2015 and operates a conference center under a new name. Furthermore, the community took over Café Eden in October 2016 . In 2009, the Habichtswald Nature Park Center visitor and information center opened in one of the buildings . In 2017, the documenta 14 contribution "Eternal Internist Brotherhood / Sisterhoond" was filmed by Angelo Plessas at Hohen Dörnberg. The experimental film was shown during the art exhibition in Kassel's Gottschalk-Halle. He processes motifs from the Zierenberg brotherhood / sisterhood founded in the Thirty Years' War .
Flora and fauna
Large parts of the Dörnberg massif are under nature protection, as they have a rich variety of orchids and gentians as extensively grazed limestone lawns on its high ground . An open bush landscape, especially juniper on the slopes , characterizes the landscape. In addition, there are islands of wood, blackthorn bushes and spruce afforestation spread across the area .
Protected areas
The northern slope of the Massif Dörnberg belongs to the since 1938 existing and 27.52 square kilometers of protected landscape landscape elements in a circle Hofgeismar ( CDDA -No. 378519), whose name is on the former district Hofgeismar relates. To the north, west and south of the crest of the Kleiner Dörnberg lies the 1.17 km² nature reserve Dörnberg (CDDA no. 81531), founded in 1978 . Large parts of the mountain massif belong to the 4.33 km² fauna-flora-habitat area Dörnberg, Immelburg and Helfenstein (FFH no. 4622-303).
hike
While the Alpine and Jägerpfad run along the Kleiner Dörnberg , the Fulda-Diemel-Weg and Habichtswaldsteig lead over the summit plateau of the Hohen Dörnberg . The Weimar – Zierenberg section of the Märchenlandweg , which also passes the nearby Hohlestein and which shares the path with the aforementioned paths in the Dörnberg area, runs over the high elevations between Hohem and Kleinem Dörnberg . In addition, the Eco Path Archeology Dörnberg leads over the Dörnberg massif.
Opportunities for viewing
If visibility is good, these goals can be seen from the summit plateau of the Hohen Dörnberg - with approximate distances and height in meters (m) above sea level:
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Panorama picture
Gliding
Not only in summer and not only because of the local glider terrain, gliders and model planes can be seen on and over the Dörnberg massif . The glider airfield there is the third oldest (1923) in the world after the Wasserkuppe and Rossitten . In 1931 the Akaflieg DB (Academic Aviation Department of German Burschenschafter ) started building the air camp, which was completed in 1935 and the main building of which still exists today almost unchanged. Rubber rope starts were originally carried out. Because of the difficult terrain for modern gliders, there are now four runways and five runways, from which you can take off depending on the wind direction.
Transport links
Road: South past the Hohen Dörnberg , the section Dörnberg - Kassel of the federal road 251 leads in a west-east direction , which leads in a curve at a gravel works on the Dörnbergpass to a maximum height of 393.8 m . From the road that crosses the A 44 west of Ehlen ( Zierenberg junction ), you can turn on the 3211 state road leading from Dörnberg to Zierenberg and then on the L 3214 to the mountain. At the highest point ( 363.2 m high mountain pass on the Galgenberg ) of the last-mentioned road, the district road 97 branches off as a dead end on the high elevations of the Dörnberg massif.
Railway: The Volkmarsen – Vellmar-Obervellmar railway line, with stops nearby in Zierenberg and Fürstenwald , runs under the road branch mentioned above in the 815.5 m long Zierenberg Tunnel, which was completed in 1896 .
Air: About 6 km north-northeast of the High Dörnbergs lies with the nucleus of Calden the Kassel-Calden Airport .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Hans-Jürgen Klink: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 112 Kassel. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 6.9 MB)
- ↑ Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
- ↑ a b The ramparts on the Dörnberg , in Eco path Archeology Dörnberg , on eco-pfade.de (PDF; 118.8 kB)
- ↑ Info u. a. on the pre-Christian settlement of Immelburg Eco Path Archeology Dörnberg , on eco-pfade.de (PDF; 619 kB)
- ↑ A presumed castle on the Helfenstein , in Eco path Archäologie Dörnberg , on eco-pfade.de (PDF; 148 kB)
- ↑ measuring table sheet 2664: Cassel (West), 1909 , topographical map, u. a. with the Hohen Dörnberg (near the center-left edge of the map), M = 1: 25,000, photo taken in 1907, Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme, 1909, Berlin, on deutschefotothek.de
- ↑ Alpenpfad Dörnberg (tour database), accessed on September 22, 2016, from tourendatenbank.com
- ↑ Eco path archeology Dörnberg , on eco-pfade.de
Web links
- Aviation Association Kassel-Zierenberg e. V. , on fsv-kassel.de
- Hike over the Hohen Dörnberg - with many photos of the area at auf-die-berge.de
- An excellent place - view from Hohen Dörnberg (labeling of visual targets can be activated), panorama-photo.net
- Places of power - The Helfensteine on the Hohe Dörnberg near Zierenberg / Kassel , with information and photos, at dimensionssprung.de
- Aerial video of Hoher Dörnberg (from Hessischer Rundfunk )