Durlach

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Coat of arms of the city of Karlsruhe
Coat of arms of the Durlach district
Durlach
District of the city of Karlsruhe
Location of Durlach in Karlsruhe
Basic data
Geographer. location   49 ° 0 ′  N , 8 ° 28 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′  N , 8 ° 28 ′  E
height   117 m above sea level NN
surface   22.9413 km²
Residents   30,240 (as of June 30, 2016)
Population density   1,318 inhabitants per km²
Incorporated   April 1, 1938
Postcodes   76227
prefix   0721
Aerial view of the old town from the north
Center with Turmberg
Tower ruin
Catholic church, town church, town hall and market square
City gate "Basler Tor"

With around 30,000 inhabitants, Durlach is the largest district of Karlsruhe . The once independent city was the seat of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach from 1565 to 1718 . In 1715, the founding of the new residence city of Karlsruhe, into which Durlach was forcibly incorporated in 1938, started from here.

geography

The district is located in the east of Karlsruhe at the exit of the Pfinztal and goes from the Rhine plain into the Kraichgau and the northern Black Forest .

The local mountain of Durlach is the Turmberg , on the summit of which there are the remains of a castle , to which the Turmbergbahn leads. Right next to the castle is the Schöneck sports school , which is occasionally used by the German national soccer team as a training camp to prepare for international matches.

The Turmberg is located in the border area of ​​the Kraichgau to the Black Forest and is assigned to the Kraichgau in the natural spatial structure. To the south follow the Guggelensberg and Lerchenberg peaks as well as the Geigersberg, where the Black Forest begins. All of these hills still belong to Durlach and, due to the view they offer over the Rhine valley, they are a popular area for celebrities and villas in Karlsruhe.

Surname

The origin of the place name "Durlach" is not clear. One explanation is that it was derived from the field name "Dürre Lache". This could have meant a shallow lake that fell dry over the course of the year , as could well have been possible in the former Kinzig-Murg channel , in which Durlach was founded on a gravel island. The similar-sounding “Dürrbach”, which runs through Durlach, is also a typical “arid”, i.e. dry stream that only carries water when it is raining sufficiently. Another explanation traces the place name back to a field name that originally referred to the area below the Turmberg tower. "Dur-" should be traced back to tower (Latin turris ) and "-lach" from the old high German blah, lah and lâch, the word for a boundary sign.

Colloquially, the residents of Durlach also call themselves Dorlacher or Letschebacher.

history

The Counts of Hohenberg built the castle complex on the Turmberg in the 11th century and expanded it in the 12th century. After the Hohenbergers and the Grötzinger gentlemen died out, the Count's office in Pfinzgau fell to the Oberlehensherrren, the Staufer, towards the end of the 12th century .

In 1196 Durlach was in two documents from Emperor Heinrich VI. First mentioned as villa Durla (village). From a document issued by Emperor Friedrich II in Apricena in 1234 , it can be deduced that Durla was handed over to Margrave Hermann V of Baden in exchange for goods near Braunschweig before 1220 and that it was already a town ( civitas ) at that time was. It could be that Emperor Heinrich VI. founded it on the site of a previous village settlement in the Grötzinger district when he was staying in his Hagenau Palatinate in the winter of 1191/1192 .

In 1196, Duke Konrad II of Swabia , a son of Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , died in Durlach. This is reported in the Ursberg Chronicle , written around 1229/30 , which referred to what was then Durlach as the oppidum Durlaich (walled place, city).

Conrad III destroyed in 1279 . von Lichtenberg , the Bishop of Strasbourg , the Hohenberg Castle on the Turmberg, which was not rebuilt afterwards. In 1556 Durlach became Protestant with the sovereign rulers who were still residing in Pforzheim .

In 1565 Margrave Karl II moved the seat of the Ernestine line of the Margraves of Baden from Pforzheim to Durlach. Since then, the sovereigns called themselves " Margraves of Baden-Durlach ". The Karlsburg was built. Durlach experienced an economic and cultural boom.

After Durlach already in the Thirty Years 'War pillaged was destroyed in 1689 by the French king Louis XIV. During the Nine Years' War sent French troops, the city completely. Only five or six houses in the old town escaped the fire. Of the Karlsburg only the Prinzessenbau remained. Recurring destruction and looting ruined the defenseless Durlacher again and again until the war ended in 1697. The sovereign Margrave Friedrich Magnus stayed in exile in Basel until his return in 1698. He began the rebuilding of Durlach and Karlsburg, in the first part of which he moved in 1699. In 1709 his son Margrave Karl Wilhelm took over the government. In a falling out with his wife Magdalena Wilhelmine von Württemberg , a daughter of the Duke of Württemberg, and the citizens of Durlach, he stopped the further expansion of Karlsburg.

In 1718, Margrave Karl Wilhelm moved the residence to his palace, which had been newly built in the middle of the Hardtwald since 1715 , where the new city of Karlsruhe was created. The margravial authorities also had to move from Durlach.

In 1735 the mint was built in Durlach . From 1810 to 1832 Durlach was the district town in the Grand Duchy of Baden, which had been constituted by Napoleonic pressure . In 1843 the Karlsruhe – Heidelberg railway line opened with a train station in Durlach. In 1846 Christian Hengst founded the country's first volunteer fire brigade (Hengst-Platz monument). In 1921 Aue was incorporated into Durlach.

In the course of the Reichspogromnacht in 1938 there were attacks against Jewish citizens in Durlach. The remaining Jewish housemates were deported on October 22, 1940. During the Second World War 329 people were killed in Durlach.

In 1938 Durlach was incorporated into Karlsruhe against the express vote of the Durlachers. As a concession, however, it was agreed that Durlach would be allowed to keep all authorities and offices. That is why Durlach is the only district of Karlsruhe today that has its own tax office and, with the Karlsruhe-Durlach district court , its own district court . The prison attached to the district court - the most prominent prisoner of which was briefly Rudolf Augstein during the Spiegel affair - was demolished in 1990 against popular protest. In 1989 Durlach received an independent local constitution and a local council.

Local council

The chairwoman of the Durlach local council is mayor Alexandra Ries. The local council for the 2019-2024 term of office is composed as follows:

  • Green 8 seats
  • CDU 5 seats
  • SPD 3 seats
  • FDP 2 seats
  • FW 2 seats
  • AfD 1 seat
  • Left 1 seat

Culture and sights

Organ factory Durlach

Theater / concerts / exhibitions

Organ factory event center

In the 19th and 20th centuries the Voit'sche organ factory was one of the most important organ building sites in Europe. Today reside in the remaining large hall

  • The organ factory - culture in Durlach eV
  • Cabaret "Die Spiegelfechter"
  • Theater in the organ factory
Music at the city church Durlach

Concerts are regularly given at the town church Durlach - from music at market time to the performance of great works such as Bach's Mass in B minor, works by old masters, but also contemporary artists, choral works, cantatas, chamber music, organ concerts, improvisation competitions. In 1999 the historic Stumm organ was officially inaugurated after extensive renovation by the Swiss organ building company Goll .

Museums

Karlsburg
  • The Karlsburg Palace houses:
    • Carpathian Museum: material culture, customs and traditions of the former Germans in Slovakia
    • Pfinzgaumuseum : history of the independent district town Durlach until 1938 as the residence of the margraves of Baden, development of agriculture, handicrafts and industrialization

Buildings

graveyards

There are two cemeteries in Durlach, whereby the old and the new cemetery are particularly worth seeing because of their structure. The old cemetery has now been converted into a public park.

economy

RaumFabrik (formerly Pfaff)

The organ factory Heinrich Voit & Söhne, the Badische Maschinenfabrik Durlach and the sewing machine and vehicle manufacturer Gritzner , later Pfaff (partly demolished), were important companies in their branches. In the meantime there is only a few manufacturing industry, the factories house start-up centers (RaumFabrik) . The web.de AG had its headquarters there. The Herrmann & Ettlinger leather factory was also based in Durlach.

Fiducia IT AG is located in the district of Killisfeld . In the vicinity of the Durlach train station, the pharmaceutical company Dr. Willmar Schwabe has his headquarters. Various companies are located in a large industrial area north of Durlach city center, in the immediate vicinity of the Karlsruhe-Nord motorway exit. Among other things, there is a logistics center of Robert Bosch GmbH , headquarters and production of the Vollack construction technology group , the headquarters and a production facility of the international packaging machine manufacturer Romaco and the manufacturer of plastic window systems aluplast .

traffic

Durlach train station and Durlacher Allee

With the Karlsruhe-Durlach motorway junction on the A 5, the district is directly connected to the German trunk road network. Further motorway junctions through which Durlach and the surrounding area can be easily reached are Karlsruhe-Nord and Karlsruhe-Mitte (AS 45). The federal highways 3 (north-south) and 10 (east-west) intersect between Durlach and the Grötzingen district .

The station of Durlach is the switch point rail Karlsruhe , the S-Bahn RheinNeckar , regional transport and individual long distance trains. In addition, tram and light rail lines connect Durlach with downtown Karlsruhe. Tram line 1 runs directly through the center of Durlach . Line 2 runs through Durlach-Aue to Wolfartsweier .

Pfinztalstraße, Durlachs main shopping street

Durlach personalities

Altstadtring with Basler Tor
Turmberg with the terminus of the Turmbergbahn and Schöneck sports school

See also

literature

  • Susanne Asche , Olivia Hochstrasser: Durlach - Staufer foundation, princely residence, citizen town. Publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives Volume 17, Badenia Verlag GmbH, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-7617-0322-8 .
  • Martin Bachmann : The Karlsburg. Traces of the residential complex in the urban fabric of Durlach (= materials on building research and building history . Volume 11). Institute for Building History, Karlsruhe 2000 DNB 960715118 .
  • Martin Bachmann: The baroque reconstruction. Building history studies in the old town of Durlach (= materials on building research and building history . Volume 12). von Zabern, Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-8053-2986-5 .
  • Victor Dahms: Vanishing Point Durlach. Glossaries from the Intelligence and Provincial Gazette for Durlach. Verlag Peter Guhl, Rohrbach / Pfalz 2012. ISBN 978-3-930760-71-8 .
  • Christian Edel: Durlach a historical tour. Published by the Friends of the Pfinzgaumuseum - Historischer Verein Durlach e. V. Karlsruhe-Durlach, 2004, ISBN 3-9803311-5-6 .
  • Karl Gustav Fecht : History of the city of Durlach. Adolph Emmerling, Heidelberg 1869. Photomechanical reprint 1969 of the association of former students of the Markgrafen-Gymnasium.
  • Siegmund Friedrich Gehres: Small Chronicle of Durlach. Braun, Karlsruhe 1824. Digitized version of the Baden State Library
  • Anke Mührenberg: Small history of Durlachs G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2009, ISBN 978-3-7650-8393-8 .
  • Jan Dirk Rausch, Heinz Gockel: Durlach's historic buildings - from Roman times to the present. Karlsruhe 2006, ISBN 3-9803311-8-0 .
  • Jan Dirk Rausch, Samuel Degen (photographs), Günther Heiberger (photographs), Jürgen Sormani (photographs): Durlach - an illustrated book. Druckerei Widmann GmbH, ISBN 3-923314-02-7 .
  • Durlach yesterday and today - a photo documentation. B. Klein, Karlsruhe-Durlach 1986.
  • Ernst Schneider: Durlacher Volksleben 1500–1800. Folklore from archival sources. At the same time a contribution to the history of the former city of Durlach. G. Braun 1980 (Publications of the Karlsruhe City Archives, Volume 5), ISBN 3-7650-0400-6 .
  • Traudl Schucker: Durlach everyday life in pictures. Between the Grand Duchy and the economic miracle. G. Braun, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-7650-8167-1 .
  • Wolfgang Seidenspinner: The solid city. Comments on the function and importance of the medieval city fortifications and their monument conservation assessment. With a current example: Durlach. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. News bulletin of the State Monuments Office. 13th year (1984) H. 2 (April-June 1984), pp. 64-75.
  • Ulrike Plate: The old town of Durlach as a whole. In: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg , 28th year 1999, issue 1, pp. 48–52. ( PDF; 7.4 MB )
  • Intelligence and provincial newspaper for Durlach. Years 1–13, 52 books in total, Durlach 1992–2004.
and display information about the image
View of Durlach from the Turmberg

Web links

Commons : Durlach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Map display ( memento of the original from April 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the LUBW with activated natural space level , accessed on October 3, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rips-uis.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
  2. ^ City of Karlsruhe, City Office Durlach (ed.): Paths through Durlach and Aue. On the trail of history. Druckerei Widmann GmbH, Durlach 1996, p. 14.
  3. ^ Karl-Heinz Hentschel: Durlach. The secret of his name. Info-Verlagsgesellschaft, Karlsruhe 1996, ISBN 3-88190-212-0 .
  4. ↑ Susanne Ascher, Olivia Hochstrasser, p. 30.
  5. ^ RI V, 1.1 n. 2060 , in: Regesta Imperii Online. Retrieved January 16, 2017.
  6. ^ Heinz Schmitt: The Karlsruhe area before the city was founded. In: City of Karlsruhe City Archives (Ed.): Karlsruhe. The city history. Badenia, Karlsruhe 1998, ISBN 3-7617-0353-8 , p. 40
  7. ↑ Susanne Ascher, Olivia Hochstrasser, p. 30.
  8. ↑ Hans G. Kernmayr: Christian Hengst, Durlach - Germany's First Voluntary Fire Brigade , in: Der Goldene Helm , p. 71 ff., Ecomed, 3rd edition, Landsberg / Lech 2000. ISBN 3-609-66981-0
  9. ↑ New Durlach local council: Alexandra Ries remains mayor , ka-news.de , July 13, 2014
  10. ^ Local council Durlach mandate holder. In: www.karlsruhe.de. Retrieved April 28, 2020 .
  11. ^ Badische Maschinenfabrik Durlach (BMD). In: stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Gritzner sewing machine factory, later Pfaff - Stadtlexikon. In: stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  13. ↑ The concept. Retrieved May 18, 2020 .
  14. ↑ Herrmann & Ettlinger leather factory. In: stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on May 18, 2020 .