Incubator

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A start-up center is a facility to support technology-oriented, as innovative as possible , start- ups and start-ups or start- ups geared to growth . In addition, technology and start-up centers should contribute to regional economic development and networking. The terms business start-up center , technology center , innovation center , startup center , incubator , incubator or business incubator are also used synonymously .

There are over 10,000 start-up centers worldwide and more than a thousand in Europe, around 500 of which are in Germany alone. The majority of these centers look after companies and founders from all sectors. However, there are also centers specializing in certain future- oriented issues or cutting-edge technologies, e.g. B. for nanotechnology , information technology (IT), biotechnology , creative industries , environmental technology , automotive technology or aerospace technology .

A city economic study of Berlin of March 2014, according to an urban environment with high is population density , lively entertainment and cultural life and good quality of life for the start-up and start-up scene important to the life and work close together matches. Office districts, technology parks and start-up centers in the " green field " and far away from urban life are therefore rather unattractive for most founders, even with good transport connections.

For support measures for entrepreneurship overall in global comparison, see also entrepreneurship training and start-up support .

history

The concept of business incubation originated in the USA, where Joseph Mancuso opened the Batavia Industrial Center in a department store in Batavia , New York in 1959 . In the 1980s it spread in England and continental Europe and took different forms (innovation centers, pépinières d'entreprises , technopolies, science parks , university incubators ).

Types

The university incubator is a special form . A distinction is made between non-profit and for-profit incubators such as Rocket Internet or HitFox . The latter are largely co-financed by private sponsors and are more widespread in the USA than in Europe. A distinction is also made between industry and mixed start-up centers.

Relevant meetings , barcamps and conferences are also held to prepare and share experiences with incubators , for example the Pioneers Festival .

aims

The goals of a business incubator are:

  • Promotion of business start-ups
  • Supporting young companies
  • Improving growth opportunities
  • Increase in survival rate (85+ percent on average)
  • Promotion of regional structural change
  • Development of network structures and synergies
  • Technology transfer between science and business, as well as between companies
  • Creation of new high quality jobs
  • Avoiding the brain drain

Advantages of a business incubator

Start-up centers offer both cost and development advantages for the center companies. Something like that

  • Advice and coaching in the planning, establishment and development of the company
  • Support in the search for capital
  • cheap and flexible rental space (office, laboratory, production facilities) in attractive locations
  • Infrastructure and community facilities (intranet, event rooms, canteen, etc.)
  • Comprehensive service packages from the center management and network partners such as

Disadvantages of a business incubator

Some of the start-up centers do not cover their costs, so that the mostly public sponsors have to compensate for losses. This mostly happens from public budgets. A number of the centers also receive start-up funding in the form of investment grants.

These public expenditures will only flow back when the subsidized companies can establish themselves on the market and the invested money has been generated through positive economic effects - e.g. B. Income taxes of employees, trade tax, corporation tax are repaid.

Representatives of evolutionary economics point out that the institutions interested in the success of as many of the start-ups as possible cannot simulate the selection process through the market. More recent studies occasionally come to the conclusion that the incubation did not contribute significantly to the survival and growth of the incubated companies, regardless of the time spent in the technology centers.

Technology centers in Germany

The German start-up centers are networked nationwide through the ADT Federal Association of German Innovation, Technology and Start-up  Centers and at the state level (such as the working group of Bavarian technology and start-up centers). Start-up centers have proven to be an effective economic development instrument in Germany for almost 30 years. However, their effectiveness and efficiency is questioned in some scientific publications. However, other studies definitely confirm that the public investments for the construction and operation of the centers in the form of tax refunds by the resettled companies are worthwhile for the operating municipality or city.

Technology centers in the German states:

Baden-Württemberg

Bavaria

Berlin

  • Berlin Innovation and Start-up Center (BIG) in the Technology and Innovation Park Berlin (TIB)
  • Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof (WISTA)
  • Startup Incubator Berlin at the University of Economics and Law (HWR Berlin)

Brandenburg

Bremen

  • Bremen Innovation and Technology Center (BITZ)
  • Business incubator in the World Trade Center

Hamburg

Hesse

  • Technology and Innovation Center, Darmstadt (TIZ)
  • Science Park Kassel

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

  • Greifswald :
    • Biotechnology Center
    • Technology Center Vorpommern, Greifswald and Stralsund (TZV)
  • Neubrandenburg :
    • Technology, innovation and start-up center, Neubrandenburg (Neu.TIG)
    • Center for Food Technology, Neubrandenburg (ZLT)
  • Parchimer Innovation and Technology Center, Parchim (PITZ)
  • Competence Center for Aircraft Development and Aircraft Construction , Pasewalk (KFF)
  • Rostock
    • AgroBio pilot plant for green biotechnology, Groß Lüsewitz (Sanitz) near Rostock
    • Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ)
    • Laser Technology and Transfer Center (LTTZ)
    • Maritime Fire and Security Center Baltic Sea (MBSZ)
    • Rostock innovation and start-up center, Rostock (RIGZ)
    • Innovation and Trend Center, Rostock / Bentwisch (ITC)
    • Computer Science Center Roggentin, Rostock / Roggentin (ICR)
    • Research Center for Biosystem Technology and Biomaterials, Rostock-Warnemünde (FBB)
    • Technology center Warnemünde, Rostock-Warnemünde (TZW) - with center for aerospace and life science competence center
  • Technology and commercial center Schwerin / Wismar , Schwerin and Wismar (TGZ) - with hydrogen competence center (WZK) and multimedia port
  • Stralsund innovation and start-up center, Stralsund (SIG)
  • Biomedical Engineering Center Teterow, Teterow (BMTT)

Lower Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

  • Founding office of the TU & HS Kaiserslautern
  • Founding office of the University of Koblenz-Landau
  • TechnologieZentrum Ludwigshafen (TZL)
  • Business + Innovation Center Kaiserslautern (bic)
  • Innovation and start-up center in the Trier region (IGZ)
  • Technology Center Koblenz (TZK)
  • Technology Center Mainz (TZM)

Saarland

  • Saarbrücken :
    • IT Park Saarland
    • Science Park Saar
    • Starter centers of the Saarland University
    • Institute for Technology Transfer at the University of Technology and Economics (FITT)
  • Start-up and Technology Center, Völklingen (GTZ)

Saxony

Saxony-Anhalt

Schleswig-Holstein

Thuringia

  • Start-up and Innovation Center Stedtfeld, Eisenach (GIS)
  • Technologie- und Gründer- Förderungsgesellschaft Schmalkalden / Dermbach (TGF)
  • Neudeli start-up workshop, Weimar
  • Technology and start-up center, Gera
  • Technology and start-up center, Ilmenau
  • Jena :
  • Weimar :
    • bauhaus FACTORY - Center for Creative Industries
    • Center for Intelligent Building (CIB)

Technology centers in Austria

In Austria there is an official network of state-supported, independent technology start-up incubators, the "AplusB network". These are networked with one another via the AplusB association and support early-stage start-up companies.

Further Austrian start-up centers are  networked through the Association of Technology Centers Austria eV (VTÖ), and there are also thematically focused technology and research centers in Lower Austria.

Technology centers in Italy

The most important and internationally significant technology center is the AREA Science Park in Trieste, founded in 1982 . The technology park with companies, laboratories and consulting facilities has more than 2,600 employees.

literature

  • Rolf Sternberg: Balance of a boom: Impact analysis of technology and start-up centers in Germany. Results from 108 centers and 1021 companies. Dortmund sales for building and planning literature: Dortmund 1997. ISBN 978-3-929797-27-5
  • Alain Thierstein, Beate Wilhelm, Stefan Wolter, Urs Birchmeier: The silent boom. The book analyzes the emergence of start-up / initiative and technology centers in Switzerland. Publisher: Haupt, 1999. ISBN 978-3-258-06038-5
  • Bertram Dressel, Guido Baranowski, Andrea Glaser: Innovation Centers in Germany 2010/2011. Statistical information on the innovation centers in Germany, analysis of the economic effects. Publisher: ADT Bundesverband eV Berlin 2010. ISBN 978-3-00-030763-8

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schwartz and Hornych: Technology and start-up centers in the light of diversification versus specialization , discussion papers of the Institute for Economic Research, Halle 2008
  2. ↑ Culturally Clustered or in the Cloud? Location of Internet Start-ups in Berlin (English), Kristoffer Moeller ( TU Darmstadt ), study for the Spatial Economics Research Center (PDF file; 3.8 MB), summary in German at gruenderszene.de
  3. ↑ HitFox: Berlin game distributor turns into an incubator , Die Welt, May 29, 2013, accessed on September 8, 2015
  4. ↑ Bertram Dressel, Guido Baranowski, Andrea Glaser: Innovation Centers in Germany 2010/2011. Statistical information on the innovation centers in Germany, analysis of the economic effects. Berlin 2010.
  5. ↑ See e.g. B. Howard E. Aldrich: Organizations evolving. London: Sage Publishers 1999.
  6. ↑ See e.g. BM Schwartz: A control group study of incubators' impact to promote firm survival. In: The Journal of Technology Transfer, 38 (2012) 3, pp. 302-331.
  7. ^ ADT Federal Association of German Innovation, Technology and Start-up Centers
  8. ↑ Technology centers in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, map of the state portal MV ( Memento from July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ aws AplusB scale-up. Accessed February 14, 2020 (Austrian German).
  10. ↑ AplusB - The Austrian Incubator Network. Retrieved on February 14, 2020 (German).
  11. ^ VTÖ Association of Technology Centers Austria eV
  12. ^ Ecoplus Niederösterreichs Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH: Technology and Research Centers. Retrieved on February 14, 2020 (German).
  13. ^ Ecoplus Niederösterreichs Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH: Technopole in Niederösterreich. Retrieved on February 14, 2020 (German).