List of Heads of State 1942

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pascha (1940–5 February 1942, 1949–1950, 1952 )
    • Prime Minister Mustafa an-Nahhas Pascha ( 1928, 1930, 1936–1937 , February 5, 1942–1944, 1950–1952 )

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State and Government: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)

• Liberia
  • Head of State and Government: President Edwin Barclay (1930–1944)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : Patrick Duncan (1937–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Smuts ( 1919–1924 , 1939–1948)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Prince Alexander Cambridge (1940–1946)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (1935–1948)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–1946)

• United States
  • Head of State or Government: President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia (1940–1944)

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Manuel de Jesus Troncoso de la Concha (1940-18 May 1942)
    • President Rafael Trujillo ( 1930–1938 , May 18, 1942–1952)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government: President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez ( 1931–1934 , 1935–1944)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Jorge Ubico Castañeda (1931–1944)

• Haiti
  • Head of State or Government: President Élie Lescot (1941–1946)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

• Cuba
  • Head of State: President Fulgencio Batista (1940–1944, 1952–1959 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Carlos Saladrigas y Zayas (1940–16 August 1942)
    • Prime Minister Ramón Zaydín y Márquez Sterling (August 16, 1942–1944)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Somoza García (1937–1947, 1950–1956 )

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government: President Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (1941–1945)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Roberto María Ortiz (1938– June 27, 1942)
    • President Ramón Castillo (1940–1943) (until June 27, 1942 acting)

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo (1940–1943)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945, 1951–1954 )

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Jerónimo Méndez (1941–2 April 1942) (acting)
    • President Juan Antonio Ríos Morales (April 2, 1942–1946)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government: President Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río ( 1939 , 1940–1944)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Eduardo Santos (1938– August 7, 1942)
    • President Alfonso López Pumarejo ( 1934–1938 , August 7, 1942–1945)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Higinio Morínigo (1940–1948) (provisional until 1943)

• Peru
  • Head of State: President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1939–1945, 1956–1962 )
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Alfredo Solf y Muro (1939–1944)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Alfredo Baldomir (1938–1943)

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government: President Isaías Medina Angarita (1941–1945)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Lin Sen (1931–1943)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chiang Kai-shek (1939–1945)

• British India
  • Emperor : George VI. (1936–1947)
  • Viceroy : Victor Alexander John Hope (1936–1943)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tōjō Hideki (1941–1944)

• Manchukuo (controversial)
  • Head of State: Emperor Puyi (1932–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhang Jinghui (1935–1945)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–1945)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Head of State: King Ananda Mahidol (1935–1946)
  • Head of Government: Field Marshal Phibul Songkhram (1938–1944)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Nuri as-Said (1941–1944)

• Yemen
  • Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

• Persia (today: Iran)
  • Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mohammad Ali Foroughi (1941–2 March 1942)
    • Prime Minister Ghavam os-Saltaneh (August 8, 1942–1943)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan (today: Jordan )
  • Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (July 6, 1940–1953)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Earl Alexander Hore-Ruthven (1936–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister John Curtin (1941–1945)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Marshal Baron Cyril Newall (1941–1946)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940–1949)

Europe

• Albania (occupied by Italy 1939–1943)
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1939–1943) (1936–1941 Emperor of Ethiopia, 1900–1946 King of Italy)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Kruja (1941–1943)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Henri Philippe Pétain (1940–1944)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1940–1969)

• Belgium (occupied by Germany 1940–1944)
  • Military governor: Alexander von Falkenhausen (1940–1944)
  • Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot (1939–1945) (1940–1944 in exile)

• Bulgaria
  • Head of State: Tsar Boris III. (1918–1943)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Bogdan Filow (1940–1943)

• Denmark (occupied by Germany 1940–1945)
  • Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning ( 1924–1926 , 1929–3 May 1942)
    • Prime Minister Vilhelm Buhl (May 4, 1942– November 9, 1942, 1945 )
    • Prime Minister Erik Scavenius (November 9, 1942–1945)

• German Empire
  • Head of State and Government: "Führer and Reich Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (1933–1945)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Risto Ryti (1940–1944) (Prime Minister 1939–1940)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Wilhelm Rangell (1941–1943)

• France (occupied by Germany 1940-1944; government controlled by the so-called Vichy regime in the east and south of Germany)
  • Head of State: Head of State Philippe Pétain (1940–1944) (1940–1942 President of the Council of Ministers)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Philippe Pétain (1940–18 April 1942) (1940–1944 Head of State)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Pierre Laval ( 1931–1932, 1935–1936 , April 18, 1942–1944)

• Greece (1941–1944 occupied by Germany and (until 1943) Italy)
  • Head of State: King George II ( 1922–1924 , 1935–1947) (1941–1946 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Emmanouil Tsouderos (1941–1944) (1941–1944 in exile)
    • Prime Minister Georgios Tsolakoglou (1941–2 December 1942) (government under the control of the Axis Powers)
    • Prime Minister Konstantinos Logothetopoulos (December 2, 1942–1943) (government under the control of the Axis Powers)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Douglas Hyde (1938–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

• Italy
  • Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
  • Head of Government: Duce Benito Mussolini (1922–1943)

• Yugoslavia (occupied by Germany from 1941 to 1945 and Italy (until 1943))
  • Head of State: King Peter II (1934–1945) (1941–1945 in exile)

• Croatia (April 10, 1941–1945 under the sovereignty of Germany and (until 1943) Italy)
  • Head of State: King Tomislav II (1941–1943) (was never crowned)
  • Head of government: "Führer" Ante Pavelić (1941–1943) (1943–1945 head of state)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Head of Government Josef Hoop (1928–1945)

• Luxembourg (occupied by Germany 1940–1944)
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953) (1940–1945 in exile)
• CdZ area Luxembourg
  • Head of Civil Administration Gustav Simon (1940–1944)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Émile Roblot (1937–1944)

• Netherlands (occupied by Germany 1940–1945)
  • Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1940–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Reichskommissar Arthur Seyß-Inquart (1940–1945) (1938 Federal Chancellor of Austria)

• Norway (occupied by Germany from 1940 to 1945)
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–1945) (1940–1945 in exile)
  • Reich Commissioner Josef Terboven (1940–1945)
  • Prime Minister Vidkun Quisling ( 1940 , February 1, 1942–1945)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State: King Michael I (1940–1947)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ion Antonescu (1940–1944)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Giuliano Gozi ( 1923, 1926–1927, 1932, 1937 , 1941–1 April 1942) and Giovanni Lonfernini ( 1934, 1937–1938 , 1941–1 April 1942)
    • Settimio Belluzzi ( 1933 , 1937 , April 1, 1942– October 1, 1942) and Celio Gozi ( 1938–1939 , April 1, 1942– October 1, 1942)
    • Carlo Balsimelli ( 1920–1921, 1933–1934, 1938–1939 , October 1, 1942–1943) and Renato Martelli (October 1, 1942–1943)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1936–1946)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Philipp Etter ( 1939 , 1942, 1947, 1953 )
  • Federal Council :
    • Marcel Pilet-Golaz (1929-1944)
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Ernst Wetter (1939–1943)
    • Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
    • Walther Stampfli (1940–1947)
    • Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
    • Eduard von Steiger (1941–1951)

• Slovakia
  • Head of State: Jozef Tiso (1939–1945)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Vojtech Tuka (1939–1944)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Josef Stalin (1941–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)
  • Head of Government:
    • (incumbent) Interior Minister Ahmet Fikri Tüzer (July 8th - July 9th 1942)
    • Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu (July 9, 1942–1946)

• Hungary
  • Head of State: Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy (1920–1944)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister László Bárdossy (1941–9 March 1942)
    • Prime Minister Miklós Kállay (March 9, 1942–1944)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1940–1945)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares