List of Heads of State 1945

Overview
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Africa

Egypt
- Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ahmed Maher Pasha (1944–24 February 1945)
  - Prime Minister Mahmud an-Nukraschi Pasha (February 26, 1945–1946, 1946–1948 )

Ethiopia
- Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)

Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)

South Africa
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  - Governor General : Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet (1943–1946) (acting)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jan Smuts ( 1919–1924 , 1939–1948)

America

North America

Canada
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  - Governor General : Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (1940–1946) (1924–1931 Governor General of South Africa)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–1948)

Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–1946)

United States of America
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933– April 12, 1945)
  - President Harry S. Truman (April 12, 1945–1953)

Central America

Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government: President Teodoro Picado Michalski (1944–1948)

Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo ( 1930–1938 , 1942–1952)

El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Osmín Aguirre y Salinas (1944–1 March 1945) (acting)
  - President Salvador Castaneda Castro (March 1, 1945–1948)

Guatemala
- Head of State and Government:
  - Revolutionary government junta Francisco Javier Arana , Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán , Jorge Toriello Garrido (1944–15 March 1945)
  - President Juan José Arévalo (March 15, 1945–1951)

Haiti
- Head of State or Government: President Élie Lescot (1941–1946)

Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

Cuba
- Head of State: President Ramón Grau San Martín ( 1933–1934 , 1944–1948)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Félix Lancís Sánchez (1944–13 October 1945, 1950–1951 )
  - Prime Minister Carlos Prío Socarrás (October 13, 1945–1947) (President 1948–1952)

Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Anastasio Somoza García (1937–1947, 1950–1956 )

Panama
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango (1941–15 June 1945)
  - President Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Brin (June 15, 1945–1948)

South America

Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Edelmiro Julián Farrell (1944–1946)

Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Gualberto Villarroel López (1943–1946)

Brazil
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Getúlio Vargas (1930–29 October 1945, 1951–1954 )
  - President José Linhares (October 29, 1945–1946)

Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Antonio Ríos Morales (1942–1946)

Ecuador
- Head of State and Government: President José María Velasco Ibarra ( 1934–1935 , 1944–1947, 1952–1956, 1960–1961, 1968–1972 )

Colombia
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Alfonso López Pumarejo ( 1934–1938 , 1942–7 August 1945)
  - President Alberto Lleras Camargo (August 7, 1945–1946, 1958–1962 ) (acting)

Paraguay
- Head of State and Government: President Higinio Morínigo (1940–1948) (provisional until 1943)

Peru
- Head of State:
  - President Manuel Prado y Ugarteche (1939– July 28, 1945, 1956–1962 )
  - President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (July 28, 1945–1948)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Manuel Cisneros Sánchez (1944–28 July 1945, 1956–1958 )
  - Prime Minister Enrique García Sayan (July 28, 1945–1946)

Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Juan José de Amézaga (1943–1947)

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - President Isaías Medina Angarita (1941– October 19, 1945)
  - President Rómulo Betancourt (October 19, 1945–1948, 1959–1964 )

Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
  - General Isaías Medina Angarita (1941–1945)
  - President Rómulo Betancourt (1945–1948)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

Bhutan
- Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

China
- Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Chiang Kai-shek (1943–1948)
- Head of Government:
  - Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chiang Kai-shek (1939–31 May 1945)
  - Chairman of the Executive Yuan TV Soong (May 31, 1945–1947)

British India
- Emperor : George VI. (1936–1947)
- Viceroy : Archibald Wavell (1943–1947)

Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Koiso Kuniaki (1944–7 April 1945)
  - Prime Minister Suzuki Kantarō (April 7 - August 17, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Prince Higashikuni Naruhiko (August 17 - October 9, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Shidehara Kijūrō (October 9, 1945-1946)

Manchukuo (controversial, occupied from August)

Head of State: Emperor Puyi (1932 – August 1945)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Zhang Jinghui (1935 – August 1945)

Nepal
- Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1932–29 November 1945)
  - Prime Minister Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (November 29, 1945–1948)

Siam (today: Thailand)
- Head of State: King Ananda Mahidol (1935–1946)
- Head of Government:
  - Major Kuang Abhayawongse (1944–31 August 1945)
  - Prime Minister Tawee Boonyaket (August 31 - September 17, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Seni Pramoj (September 17 - October 15, 1945)

Middle East

Iraq

Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Hamdi al-Patschatschi (1944–1946)

Iran
- Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Morteza Gholi Bayat (1945)
  - Prime Minister Ebrahim Hakimi (1945)
  - Prime Minister Mohsen Sadr (1945)
  - Prime Minister Ebrahim Hakimi (1945–1946)

Yemen
- Ruler: King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)

Saudi Arabia
- Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

Transjordan (today: Jordan )
- Ruler: Emir Abdallah ibn Husain I (1921–1951)

Central Asia

Afghanistan
- Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (1929–1946)

Mongolia
- Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (1940–1953)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)

Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

Australia
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General:
  - Earl Alexander Hore-Ruthven (1936– January 30, 1945)
  - Prince Heinrich Wilhelm (January 30, 1945–1947)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister John Curtin (1941– July 5, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Frank Forde (July 6th - July 13th 1945)
  - Prime Minister Ben Chifley (July 13, 1945-1949)

New Zealand
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General: Marshal Baron Cyril Newall (1941–1946)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940–1949)

Europe

Albania
- Party leader: Secretary of the Central Committee Enver Hoxha (1941–1985) (1944–1954 Prime Minister)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Omer Nishani (1944–1953)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Enver Hoxha (1944–1954) (1941–1985 party leader)

Andorra
- Co-princes :
  - President of France : Charles de Gaulle (1944–1946)
  - Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1940–1969)

Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
  - Regent: Prince Karl (1944–1950)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot (1939–12 February 1945) (1940–1944 in exile)
  - Prime Minister Achille Van Acker (February 12, 1945–1946, 1946 )

Bulgaria
- Head of State:
  - Tsar Simeon II (1943–1946) (2001–2005 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kimon Georgiev ( 1934–1935 , 1944–1946)

Denmark (occupied by Germany 1940–1945)
- Head of State: King Christian X (1912–1947) (1918–1944 King of Iceland)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Erik Scavenius (1942–5 May 1945)
  - Prime Minister Vilhelm Buhl ( 1942 , May 5, 1945– November 7, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Knud Kristensen (November 7, 1945–1947)

German Empire (occupied from May)
- Head of State:
  - "Leader and Chancellor " Adolf Hitler (1933–30 April 1945)
  - President of the Reich : Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz (May 1 - May 23, 1945)
- Head of Government:
  - "Leader and Chancellor" Adolf Hitler (1933–30 April 1945)
  - Chancellor Joseph Goebbels (April 30 - May 1, 1945)
  - (provisional) Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (May 2 - May 23, 1945)
- Military Governors:
  - American Zone of Occupation : General Dwight D. Eisenhower (1945), General Joseph T. McNarney (1945–1947)
  - British Zone of Occupation : Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery (June 5, 1945–1946)
  - French zone of occupation : General Pierre Kœnig (June 5, 1945–1949)
  - Soviet occupation zone : Marshal Georgi Zhukov (June 5, 1945–1946)

Finland
- Head of State: President Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1944–1946)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi ( 1918 , 1944–1946) (1946–1956 President)

France
- Head of State and Government: President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle (1944–1946) (1959–1969 President; 1958–1959 Prime Minister)

Greece
- Head of State: King George II ( 1922–1924 , 1935–1947) (1941–1946 in exile)
  - Regent Damaskinos Papandreou (1944–1946) (1945 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou (1944–3 January 1945, 1963, 1964–1965 ) (in exile until 18 October 1944)
  - Prime Minister Nikolaos Plastiras (January 3, 1945– April 8, 1945, 1950, 1952 )
  - Prime Minister Petros Voulgaris (April 8, 1945– October 17, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Damaskinos Papandreou (October 17, 1945– November 1, 1945) (acting) (1944–1946 Regent)
  - Prime Minister Panagiotis Kanellopoulos (November 1, 1945– November 22, 1945, 1967 )
  - Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis ( 1924 , November 22, 1945–1946, 1947–1949 )

Ireland
- Head of State:
  - President Douglas Hyde (1938– June 24, 1945)
  - President Seán T. O'Kelly (June 24, 1945–1959)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)

Iceland
- Head of State: President Sveinn Björnsson (1944–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ólafur Thors (1944–1947, 1949–1950, 1953–1956, 1959–1963 )

Italy
- Head of State: King Viktor Emanuel III. (1900-1946)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ivanoe Bonomi ( 1921–1922 , 1944–21 June 1945)
  - Prime Minister Ferruccio Parri (June 21, 1945– December 10, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi (December 10, 1945–1953) (1946 Head of State)
- Republic of Salò (in northern Italy occupied by Germany)
  - Head of State and Government: Benito Mussolini (1943–28 April 1945)

Yugoslavia (occupied by Germany from 1941 to 1945 and Italy (until 1943))
- Head of State:
  - King Peter II (1934–29 November 1945) (1941–1945 in exile)
  - President Ivan Ribar (December 2, 1945–1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (March 7, 1945–1963) (President 1953–1980)

Croatia (1941-1945 under the sovereignty of Germany and (until 1943) Italy)

Head of State: "Führer" Ante Pavelić (1943–8 May 1945) (1941–1943 Head of Government)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikola Mandić (1943–6 May 1945)

Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
- Head of government
  - Josef Hoop (1928–3 September 1945)
  - Alexander Frick (September 3, 1945–1962)

Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953) (1940–1945 in exile)

Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre de Witasse (1944–1948)

Netherlands (occupied by Germany 1940–5 May 1945)

Head of State: Queen Wilhelmina (1890–1948) (1940–1945 in exile)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (1940–24 June 1945) (1940–1945 in exile)

Prime Minister Willem Schermerhorn (June 24, 1945–1946)

Reichskommissar Arthur Seyß -Inquart (1940-5 May 1945) (1938 Federal Chancellor of Austria)

Norway (occupied by Germany from 1940 to 1945)
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957) (1940–1945 in exile)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold (1935–24 June 1945) (1940–1945 in exile)
  - Prime Minister Oscar Torp (May 14, 1945– May 31, 1945) (acting)
  - Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen (June 25, 1945–1951, 1955–1963, 1963–1965 )
- Reich Commissioner
  - Josef Terboven (1940–7 May 1945)
  - Franz Böhme (May 7, 1945– May 8, 1945) (acting)
- Prime Minister Vidkun Quisling ( 1940 , 1942–9 May 1945)

Austria (occupied)
- Head of State: Federal President Karl Renner (December 20, 1945–1950)
- Head of Government:
  - State Chancellor Karl Renner (April 27, 1945– December 20, 1945)
  - Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl (December 20, 1945–1953)

Poland
Head of Government: Prime Minister Edward Osóbka-Morawski (1944–1947)

Portugal
- Head of State: President Óscar Carmona (1925–1951)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

Romania
- Head of State: King Michael I (1940–1947)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Nicolae Rădescu (1944–6 March 1945)
  - Prime Minister Petru Groza (March 6, 1945–1952)

San Marino
- Capitani Reggenti :
  - Teodoro Lonfernini (1944–1 April 1945) and Leonida Suzzi Valli (1944–1 April 1945, 1963 )
  - Alvaro Casali (April 1, 1945– October 1, 1945, 1951, 1957, 1960, 1965–1966, 1969–1970 ) and Vittorio Valentini (April 1, 1945– October 1, 1945)
  - Ferruccio Martelli ( 1914, 1918 , October 1, 1945–1946, 1949 ) and Secondo Fiorini (October 1, 1945–1946, 1954 )

Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson (1936–1946)

Switzerland
- Federal President : Eduard von Steiger (1945, 1951 )
- Federal Council :
  - Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
  - Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
  - Walther Stampfli (1940–1947)
  - Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
  - Eduard von Steiger (1941–1951)
  - Ernst Nobs (1944–1951)
  - Max Petitpierre (January 1, 1945–1951)

Slovakia
- Head of State: Jozef Tiso (1939–4 April 1945)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Štefan Tiso (1944–4 April 1945)

Soviet Union
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1922–1946)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Josef Stalin (1941–1953)

Spain
- Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

Czechoslovakia
- Head of State: President Edvard Beneš ( 1935–1938 , April 4, 1945–1948) (Prime Minister 1921–1922)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Zdeněk Fierlinger (April 5, 1945–1946)

Turkey

Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)

Head of Government: Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu (1942–1946)

Hungary
- Head of State: "Leader of the Hungarian Nation" Ferenc Szálasi (1944–28 March 1945)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Ferenc Szálasi (1944–28 March 1945)
  - Prime Minister Béla Miklós (March 28 - November 15, 1945)
  - Prime Minister Zoltán Tildy (November 15, 1945–1946)

Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Head of Government:
  - Prime Minister Winston Churchill (1940-26 July 1945)
  - Prime Minister Earl Clement Attlee (July 26, 1945–1951)

Individual evidence

↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares

[1] The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares