List of Heads of State 1948
Overview
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Africa
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Egypt
- Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukraschi Pasha ( 1945–1946 , 1946– December 28 , 1948)
- Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pascha (December 28, 1948–1949)
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Ethiopia
- Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)
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Liberia
- Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)
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South Africa
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General : Gideon Brand van Zyl (1946–1951)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Jan Smuts ( 1919–1924 , 1939–4 June 1948)
- Prime Minister Daniel François Malan (June 4, 1948–1954)
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
America
North America
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Canada
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–15 November 1948)
- Prime Minister Louis Saint-Laurent (November 15, 1948–1957)
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Mexico
- Head of State and Government: President Miguel Alemán Valdés (1946–1952)
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United States of America
- Head of State and Government: President Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)
Central America
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Costa Rica
- Head of State and Government:
- President Teodoro Picado Michalski (1944– April 24, 1948)
- President Santos León Herrera (April 24, 1948– May 8, 1948) (acting)
- President José Figueres Ferrer (May 8, 1948–1949, 1953–1958, 1970–1974 )
- Head of State and Government:
-
Dominican Republic
- Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo ( 1930–1938 , 1942–1952)
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El Salvador
- Head of State and Government:
- President Salvador Castaneda Castro (1945–14 December 1948)
- Revolutionary Government Council (December 14, 1948–1950)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Guatemala
- Head of State and Government: President Juan José Arévalo (1945–1951)
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Haiti
- Head of State or Government: President Dumarsais Estimé (1946–1950)
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Honduras
- Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)
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Cuba
- Head of State:
- President Ramón Grau San Martín ( 1933–1934 , 1944– October 10, 1948)
- President Carlos Prío Socarrás (October 10, 1948–1952) (Prime Minister 1945–1947)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Raúl López del Castillo (1947-10 October 1948)
- Prime Minister Manuel Antonio de Varona (October 10, 1948–1950)
- Head of State:
-
Nicaragua
- Head of State and Government: President Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes (1947–1950)
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Panama
- Head of State and Government:
- President Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Brin (1945–1 October 1948)
- President Domingo Díaz Arosemena (October 1, 1948–1949)
- Head of State and Government:
South America
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Argentina
- Head of State and Government: President Juan Perón (1946–1955, 1973–1974 )
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Bolivia
- Head of State and Government: President Enrique Hertzog (1947–1949)
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Brazil
- Head of State and Government: President Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951)
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Chile
- Head of State and Government: President Gabriel González Videla (1946–1952)
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Ecuador
- Head of State and Government:
- President Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (1947–31 August 1948)
- President Galo Plaza Lasso (September 1, 1948–1952)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Colombia
- Head of State and Government: President Mariano Ospina Pérez (1946–1950)
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Paraguay
- Head of State and Government:
- President Higinio Morínigo (1940–3 June 1948) (acting until 1943)
- President Juan Manuel Frutos (June 3, 1948– August 15, 1948) (Acting)
- President Juan Natalicio González (August 15, 1948–1949)
- Head of State and Government:
-
Peru
- Head of State:
- President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945–29 October 1948)
- Chairman of the military junta Manuel A. Odría (October 29, 1948–1950, 1950–1956 )
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat (1947–17 June 1948, 1954–1956 )
- Prime Minister Armando Revoredo Iglesias (June 17, 1948– October 27, 1948)
- Head of State:
-
Uruguay
- Head of State and Government: President Luis Batlle Berres (1947–1951, 1955–1956 )
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Venezuela
- Head of State and Government:
- President Rómulo Betancourt (1945–15 February 1948, 1959–1964 )
- President Rómulo Gallegos (February 15, 1948– November 24, 1948)
- President Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (October 24, 1948–1950)
- Head of State and Government:
Asia
East, South and Southeast Asia
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Bhutan
- Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)
-
China
- Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Chiang Kai-shek (1943–1949, "President" from May 20 )
- Head of Government:
- Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chang Ch'ün (1947–24 May 1948)
- Chairman of the Executive Yuan Wong Wen-hao (May 24 - November 26, 1948)
- Chairman of the Executive Yuan Sun Ke (November 26, 1948–1949)
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India
- Head of State: George VI. , Emperor of India (1947–1950)
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Governor General :
- Earl Louis Mountbatten (1947– June 21, 1948)
- C. Rajagopalachari (June 21, 1948–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)
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Indonesia (disputed Dutch East Indies )
- Head of State and Government: President Sukarno (1945–1967)
- Governor General : Hubertus van Mook (1942–1948)
- Governor General: Louis Beel (1948–1949)
-
Japan
- Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Katayama Tetsu (1947-10 March 1948)
- Prime Minister Ashida Hitoshi (March 10 - October 15, 1948)
- Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru (October 15, 1948–1954)
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Korea (occupied)
- Soviet occupation zone: Marshal Gennady Korotkow (1947–1948)
- American Zone of Occupation: General William F. Dean (1947–1948)
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North Korea
- Head of State: President Kim Doo-bong (1948–1957)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Il-sung (1948–1972)
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North Korea
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South Korea
- Head of State: President Syngman Rhee (August 13, 1948–1960)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Bum Suk (1948–1950)
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South Korea
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Nepal
- Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1945–30 April 1948)
- Prime Minister Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (April 30, 1948–1951)
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Pakistan
- Head of State: King George VI. (1947–1952)
- Governor General:
- Ali Jinnah (1947–11 September 1948)
- Khawaja Nazimuddin (September 14, 1948–1951)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan (1947–1951)
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Siam (today: Thailand)
- Head of State: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Major Kuang Abhayawongse (1947–8 April 1948)
- Prime Minister Field Marshal Phibul Songkhram (April 8, 1948–1957)
Middle East
-
Iraq
- Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Salih Jabr (1947–1948)
- Prime Minister Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr (1948)
- Prime Minister Muzahim el Patschatschi (1948–1949)
-
Iran
- Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam al-Saltaneh (1946 – January 1948)
- Prime Minister Ebrahim Hakimi (1948)
- Prime Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir (1948)
- Prime Minister Mohammad Sa'ed Maraghei (1948–1950)
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Israel
- Head of State: President Chaim Weizmann (May 16, 1948–1952)
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Yemen
- Ruler:
- King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)
- King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962)
- Ruler:
-
Saudi Arabia
- Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)
-
Transjordan / Jordan
- Ruler: King Abdallah ibn Husain I (1946–1951)
Central Asia
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Afghanistan
- Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (1946–1953)
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Mongolia
- Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (1940–1953)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)
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Tibet (controversial)
- Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)
Australia and Oceania
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Australia
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General: William McKell (1947-1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Ben Chifley (1945–1949)
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New Zealand
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Governor General: Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg (1946–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940–1949)
Europe
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Albania
- Party leader: Secretary of the Central Committee Enver Hoxha (1941–1985) (1944–1954 Prime Minister)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Omer Nishani (1944–1953)
- Head of government: Prime Minister Enver Hoxha (1944–1954) (1941–1985 party leader)
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Andorra
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Co-princes :
- President of France : Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
- Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1940–1969)
-
Co-princes :
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Belgium
- Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
- Regent: Prince Karl (1944–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak ( 1938–1939, 1946 , 1947–1949)
- Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
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Bulgaria
- Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Georgi Dimitrov (1946–1949) (Prime Minister 1946–1949)
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Mintscho Nejchew (1947–1950)
- Head of Government: * Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Dimitrov (1946–1949) (1946–1949 party leader)
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Denmark
- Head of State: King Friedrich IX. (1947–1972)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hans Hedtoft (1947–1950, 1953–1955 )
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Faroe Islands (since 1948 politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
- Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (1948–1954)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrass Samuelsen (May 12, 1948–1950)
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Germany (occupied)
- Military Governors:
- American Zone of Occupation : General Lucius D. Clay (1947–1949)
- British Zone of Occupation : General Brian Robertson (1947–1949)
- French zone of occupation : General Marie-Pierre Kœnig (1945–1949)
- Soviet occupation zone : Marshal Vasily Sokolowski (1946–1949)
- Military Governors:
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Finland
- Head of State: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956) (1918, 1944–1946 Prime Minister)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Mauno Pekkala (1946-29 July 1948)
- Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm (July 29, 1948–1950, 1956–1957, 1958–1959 )
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France
- Head of State: President Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
- Head of Government:
- President of the Council of Ministers Robert Schuman (1947–26 July 1948, 1948 )
- President of the Council of Ministers André Marie (July 26, 1948– September 5, 1948)
- President of the Council of Ministers Robert Schuman ( 1947–1948 , September 5, 1948– September 11, 1948)
- President of the Council of Ministers Henri Queuille (September 11, 1948–1949, 1950, 1951 )
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Greece
- Head of State: King Paul (1947–1964)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis ( 1924, 1945–1946 , 1947–1949)
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Ireland
- Head of State: President Seán Ó Ceallaigh (1945–1959)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–13 February 1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)
- Prime Minister John A. Costello (February 13, 1948–1951, 1954–1957 )
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Iceland
- Head of State: President Sveinn Björnsson (1944–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson (1947–1949)
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Italy
- Head of State:
- President Enrico De Nicola (1946– May 12, 1948) (acting until January 1, 1948)
- President Luigi Einaudi (May 12, 1948–1955)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi (1945–1953) (1946 Head of State)
- Head of State:
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Yugoslavia
- Head of State: President Ivan Ribar (1945–1953)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (1945–1963) (1953–1980 President)
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Liechtenstein
- Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
- Prime Minister Alexander Frick (1945–1962)
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Luxembourg
- Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953)
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Monaco
- Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
- Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre de Witasse (1944 – December 1948)
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Netherlands
- Head of State:
- Queen Wilhelmina (1890–4 September 1948)
- Queen Juliana (September 4, 1948–1980)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Louis Beel (1946–7 August 1948, 1958–1959 )
- Prime Minister Willem Drees (August 7, 1948–1958)
- Head of State:
-
Norway
- Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen (1945–1951, 1955–1963, 1963–1965 )
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Austria (occupied)
- Head of State: Federal President Karl Renner (1945–1950)
- Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl (1945–1953)
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Poland
- Head of State: President Bolesław Bierut (1944–1952) (until 1947 President of the National Council, 1952–1954 Prime Minister, 1948–1954 party leader)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz (1947–1952, 1954–1970 ) (1970–1972 Chairman of the State Council)
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Portugal
- Head of State: President António Oscar de Fragoso Carmona (1925–1951)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)
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Romania
- Head of State:
- Transitional Committee Mihail Sadoveanu , Constantin Ion Parhon (1947-13 April 1948)
- Chairman of the State Committee Constantin Parhon (April 13, 1948–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Petru Groza (1945–1952)
- Head of State:
-
San Marino
-
Capitani Reggenti :
- Domenico Forcellini (1947–1 April 1948, 1951–1952, 1955, 1958–1959, 1962, 1967–1968 ) and Mariano Ceccoli (1947–1 April 1948, 1952, 1956–1957 )
- Arnaldo Para (April 1, 1948– October 1, 1948, 1952–1953 ) and Giuseppe Renzi (April 1, 1948– October 1, 1948, 1953–1954 )
- Giordano Giacomini (October 1, 1948–1949, 1953–1954, 1957 ) and Domenico Tomassoni (October 1, 1948–1949)
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Capitani Reggenti :
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Sweden
- Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Tage Erlander (1946–1969)
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Switzerland
- Federal President : Enrico Celio ( 1943 , 1948)
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Federal Council :
- Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
- Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
- Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
- Eduard von Steiger (1941–1951)
- Ernst Nobs (1944–1951)
- Max Petitpierre (1945–1951)
- Rodolphe Rubattel (January 1, 1948–1954)
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Soviet Union
- Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Schwernik (1946–1953)
- Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Josef Stalin (1941–1953)
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Spain
- Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)
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Czechoslovakia
- Head of State:
- President Edvard Beneš ( 1935–1938 , 1945–7 June 1948) (1921–1922 Prime Minister)
- President Klement Gottwald (June 14, 1948–1953) (1946–1948 Prime Minister, 1929–1953 Chairman of the KPČ)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Klement Gottwald (1946–1948) (1948–1953 President, 1929–1953 Chairman of the KPČ)
- Prime Minister Antonín Zápotocký (June 15, 1948–1953) (1953–1957 President)
- Head of State:
-
Turkey
- Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasan Saka (1947–1949)
-
Hungary
- Head of State:
- President Zoltán Tildy (1946– August 2, 1948)
- President Árpád Szakasits (August 2, 1948–1949)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Lajos Dinnyés (1947-10 December 1948)
- Prime Minister István Dobi (December 10, 1948–1952)
- Head of State:
-
Vatican city
- Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)
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United Kingdom
- Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
- Head of Government: Prime Minister Earl Clement Attlee (1945–1951)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares