List of Heads of State 1948

Overview
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Africa

• Egypt
  • Head of State: King Faruq (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukraschi Pasha ( 1945–1946 , 1946– December 28 , 1948)
    • Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi Pascha (December 28, 1948–1949)

• Ethiopia
  • Head of State: Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) (1916–1930 regent, 1936–1941 in exile)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Makonnen Endelkachew (1943–1957)

• Liberia
  • Head of State or Government: President William S. Tubman (1944–1971)

• South Africa
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : Gideon Brand van Zyl (1946–1951)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Jan Smuts ( 1919–1924 , 1939–4 June 1948)
    • Prime Minister Daniel François Malan (June 4, 1948–1954)

America

North America

• Canada
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
    • Governor General : Harold Alexander, 1st Viscount Alexander of Tunis (1946–1952)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King ( 1921–1926, 1926–1930 , 1935–15 November 1948)
    • Prime Minister Louis Saint-Laurent (November 15, 1948–1957)

• Mexico
  • Head of State and Government: President Miguel Alemán Valdés (1946–1952)

• United States of America
  • Head of State and Government: President Harry S. Truman (1945–1953)

Central America

• Costa Rica
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Teodoro Picado Michalski (1944– April 24, 1948)
    • President Santos León Herrera (April 24, 1948– May 8, 1948) (acting)
    • President José Figueres Ferrer (May 8, 1948–1949, 1953–1958, 1970–1974 )

• Dominican Republic
  • Head of State and Government: President Rafael Trujillo ( 1930–1938 , 1942–1952)

• El Salvador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Salvador Castaneda Castro (1945–14 December 1948)
    • Revolutionary Government Council (December 14, 1948–1950)

• Guatemala
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan José Arévalo (1945–1951)

• Haiti
  • Head of State or Government: President Dumarsais Estimé (1946–1950)

• Honduras
  • Head of State and Government: President Tiburcio Carías Andino (1933–1949)

• Cuba
  • Head of State:
    • President Ramón Grau San Martín ( 1933–1934 , 1944– October 10, 1948)
    • President Carlos Prío Socarrás (October 10, 1948–1952) (Prime Minister 1945–1947)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Raúl López del Castillo (1947-10 October 1948)
    • Prime Minister Manuel Antonio de Varona (October 10, 1948–1950)

• Nicaragua
  • Head of State and Government: President Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes (1947–1950)

• Panama
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Enrique Adolfo Jiménez Brin (1945–1 October 1948)
    • President Domingo Díaz Arosemena (October 1, 1948–1949)

South America

• Argentina
  • Head of State and Government: President Juan Perón (1946–1955, 1973–1974 )

• Bolivia
  • Head of State and Government: President Enrique Hertzog (1947–1949)

• Brazil
  • Head of State and Government: President Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951)

• Chile
  • Head of State and Government: President Gabriel González Videla (1946–1952)

• Ecuador
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (1947–31 August 1948)
    • President Galo Plaza Lasso (September 1, 1948–1952)

• Colombia
  • Head of State and Government: President Mariano Ospina Pérez (1946–1950)

• Paraguay
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Higinio Morínigo (1940–3 June 1948) (acting until 1943)
    • President Juan Manuel Frutos (June 3, 1948– August 15, 1948) (Acting)
    • President Juan Natalicio González (August 15, 1948–1949)

• Peru
  • Head of State:
    • President José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945–29 October 1948)
    • Chairman of the military junta Manuel A. Odría (October 29, 1948–1950, 1950–1956 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Roque Augusto Saldías Maninat (1947–17 June 1948, 1954–1956 )
    • Prime Minister Armando Revoredo Iglesias (June 17, 1948– October 27, 1948)

• Uruguay
  • Head of State and Government: President Luis Batlle Berres (1947–1951, 1955–1956 )

• Venezuela
  • Head of State and Government:
    • President Rómulo Betancourt (1945–15 February 1948, 1959–1964 )
    • President Rómulo Gallegos (February 15, 1948– November 24, 1948)
    • President Carlos Delgado Chalbaud (October 24, 1948–1950)

Asia

East, South and Southeast Asia

• Bhutan
  • Ruler: King Jigme Wangchuk (1926–1952)

• China
  • Head of State: Chairman of the National Government Chiang Kai-shek (1943–1949, "President" from May 20 )
  • Head of Government:
    • Chairman of the Executive Yuan Chang Ch'ün (1947–24 May 1948)
    • Chairman of the Executive Yuan Wong Wen-hao (May 24 - November 26, 1948)
    • Chairman of the Executive Yuan Sun Ke (November 26, 1948–1949)

• India
  • Head of State: George VI. , Emperor of India (1947–1950)
  • Governor General :
    • Earl Louis Mountbatten (1947– June 21, 1948)
    • C. Rajagopalachari (June 21, 1948–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)

• Indonesia (disputed Dutch East Indies )
  • Head of State and Government: President Sukarno (1945–1967)
  • Governor General : Hubertus van Mook (1942–1948)
  • Governor General: Louis Beel (1948–1949)

• Japan
  • Head of State: Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Katayama Tetsu (1947-10 March 1948)
    • Prime Minister Ashida Hitoshi (March 10 - October 15, 1948)
    • Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru (October 15, 1948–1954)

• Korea (occupied)
  • Soviet occupation zone: Marshal Gennady Korotkow (1947–1948)
  • American Zone of Occupation: General William F. Dean (1947–1948)

• • North Korea
    • Head of State: President Kim Doo-bong (1948–1957)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Kim Il-sung (1948–1972)

• • South Korea
    • Head of State: President Syngman Rhee (August 13, 1948–1960)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Lee Bum Suk (1948–1950)

• Nepal
  • Head of State: King Tribhuvan (1911–1955)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (1945–30 April 1948)
    • Prime Minister Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana (April 30, 1948–1951)

• Pakistan
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1947–1952)
  • Governor General:
    • Ali Jinnah (1947–11 September 1948)
    • Khawaja Nazimuddin (September 14, 1948–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan (1947–1951)

• Siam (today: Thailand)
  • Head of State: King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Major Kuang Abhayawongse (1947–8 April 1948)
    • Prime Minister Field Marshal Phibul Songkhram (April 8, 1948–1957)

Middle East

• Iraq
  • Head of State: King Faisal II (1939-1958)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Salih Jabr (1947–1948)
    • Prime Minister Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr (1948)
    • Prime Minister Muzahim el Patschatschi (1948–1949)

• Iran
  • Head of State: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam al-Saltaneh (1946 – January 1948)
    • Prime Minister Ebrahim Hakimi (1948)
    • Prime Minister Abdolhossein Hazhir (1948)
    • Prime Minister Mohammad Sa'ed Maraghei (1948–1950)

• Israel
  • Head of State: President Chaim Weizmann (May 16, 1948–1952)

• Yemen
  • Ruler:
    • King Yahya bin Muhammad (1918–1948)
    • King Ahmad ibn Yahya (1948–1962)

• Saudi Arabia
  • Head of state and head of government: King Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud (1932–1953)

• Transjordan / Jordan
  • Ruler: King Abdallah ibn Husain I (1946–1951)

Central Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State: King Mohammed Sahir Shah (1933–1973)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan (1946–1953)

• Mongolia
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Great State Chural Gontschigiin Bumtsend (1940–1953)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Chorloogiin Tschoibalsan (1939–1952)

• Tibet (controversial)
  • Ruler: Dalai Lama Tendzin Gyatsho (1935–1951)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: William McKell (1947-1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ben Chifley (1945–1949)

• New Zealand
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Governor General: Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg (1946–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Peter Fraser (1940–1949)

Europe

• Albania
  • Party leader: Secretary of the Central Committee Enver Hoxha (1941–1985) (1944–1954 Prime Minister)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly Omer Nishani (1944–1953)
  • Head of government: Prime Minister Enver Hoxha (1944–1954) (1941–1985 party leader)

• Andorra
  • Co-princes :
    • President of France : Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
    • Bishop of Urgell : Ramon Iglésias Navarri (1940–1969)

• Belgium
  • Head of State: King Leopold III. (1934–1951) (1940–1945 in German captivity, 1945–1950 in exile in Switzerland)
    • Regent: Prince Karl (1944–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak ( 1938–1939, 1946 , 1947–1949)

• Bulgaria
  • Party leader: General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Georgi Dimitrov (1946–1949) (Prime Minister 1946–1949)
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly Mintscho Nejchew (1947–1950)
  • Head of Government: * Chairman of the Council of Ministers Georgi Dimitrov (1946–1949) (1946–1949 party leader)

• Denmark
  • Head of State: King Friedrich IX. (1947–1972)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hans Hedtoft (1947–1950, 1953–1955 )
  • Faroe Islands (since 1948 politically self-governing and autonomous part of the Kingdom of Denmark)
    • Representative of the Danish government: Reichsombudsmann Cai A. Vagn-Hansen (1948–1954)
    • Head of Government: Prime Minister Andrass Samuelsen (May 12, 1948–1950)

• Germany (occupied)
  • Military Governors:
    • American Zone of Occupation : General Lucius D. Clay (1947–1949)
    • British Zone of Occupation : General Brian Robertson (1947–1949)
    • French zone of occupation : General Marie-Pierre Kœnig (1945–1949)
    • Soviet occupation zone : Marshal Vasily Sokolowski (1946–1949)

• Finland
  • Head of State: President Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1946–1956) (1918, 1944–1946 Prime Minister)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Mauno Pekkala (1946-29 July 1948)
    • Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm (July 29, 1948–1950, 1956–1957, 1958–1959 )

• France
  • Head of State: President Vincent Auriol (1947–1954)
  • Head of Government:
    • President of the Council of Ministers Robert Schuman (1947–26 July 1948, 1948 )
    • President of the Council of Ministers André Marie (July 26, 1948– September 5, 1948)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Robert Schuman ( 1947–1948 , September 5, 1948– September 11, 1948)
    • President of the Council of Ministers Henri Queuille (September 11, 1948–1949, 1950, 1951 )

• Greece
  • Head of State: King Paul (1947–1964)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Themistoklis Sofoulis ( 1924, 1945–1946 , 1947–1949)

• Ireland
  • Head of State: President Seán Ó Ceallaigh (1945–1959)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Éamon de Valera (1932–13 February 1948, 1951–1954, 1957–1959 ) (1959–1973 President)
    • Prime Minister John A. Costello (February 13, 1948–1951, 1954–1957 )

• Iceland
  • Head of State: President Sveinn Björnsson (1944–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Stefán Jóhann Stefánsson (1947–1949)

• Italy
  • Head of State:
    • President Enrico De Nicola (1946– May 12, 1948) (acting until January 1, 1948)
    • President Luigi Einaudi (May 12, 1948–1955)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi (1945–1953) (1946 Head of State)

• Yugoslavia
  • Head of State: President Ivan Ribar (1945–1953)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito (1945–1963) (1953–1980 President)

• Liechtenstein
  • Head of State: Prince Franz Josef II. (1938–1989)
  • Prime Minister Alexander Frick (1945–1962)

• Luxembourg
  • Head of State: Grand Duchess Charlotte (1919–1964)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre Dupong (1937–1953)

• Monaco
  • Head of State: Prince Louis II (1922–1949)
  • Head of Government: Minister of State Pierre de Witasse (1944 – December 1948)

• Netherlands
  • Head of State:
    • Queen Wilhelmina (1890–4 September 1948)
    • Queen Juliana (September 4, 1948–1980)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Louis Beel (1946–7 August 1948, 1958–1959 )
    • Prime Minister Willem Drees (August 7, 1948–1958)

• Norway
  • Head of State: King Haakon VII (1906–1957)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen (1945–1951, 1955–1963, 1963–1965 )

• Austria (occupied)
  • Head of State: Federal President Karl Renner (1945–1950)
  • Head of Government: Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl (1945–1953)

• Poland
  • Head of State: President Bolesław Bierut (1944–1952) (until 1947 President of the National Council, 1952–1954 Prime Minister, 1948–1954 party leader)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz (1947–1952, 1954–1970 ) (1970–1972 Chairman of the State Council)

• Portugal
  • Head of State: President António Oscar de Fragoso Carmona (1925–1951)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar (1932–1968)

• Romania
  • Head of State:
    • Transitional Committee Mihail Sadoveanu , Constantin Ion Parhon (1947-13 April 1948)
    • Chairman of the State Committee Constantin Parhon (April 13, 1948–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Petru Groza (1945–1952)

• San Marino
  • Capitani Reggenti :
    • Domenico Forcellini (1947–1 April 1948, 1951–1952, 1955, 1958–1959, 1962, 1967–1968 ) and Mariano Ceccoli (1947–1 April 1948, 1952, 1956–1957 )
    • Arnaldo Para (April 1, 1948– October 1, 1948, 1952–1953 ) and Giuseppe Renzi (April 1, 1948– October 1, 1948, 1953–1954 )
    • Giordano Giacomini (October 1, 1948–1949, 1953–1954, 1957 ) and Domenico Tomassoni (October 1, 1948–1949)

• Sweden
  • Head of State: King Gustav V (1907–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Tage Erlander (1946–1969)

• Switzerland
  • Federal President : Enrico Celio ( 1943 , 1948)
  • Federal Council :
    • Philipp Etter (1934–1959)
    • Enrico Celio (1940–1950)
    • Karl Kobelt (1941–1954)
    • Eduard von Steiger (1941–1951)
    • Ernst Nobs (1944–1951)
    • Max Petitpierre (1945–1951)
    • Rodolphe Rubattel (January 1, 1948–1954)

• Soviet Union
  • Head of State: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Nikolai Schwernik (1946–1953)
  • Head of Government: Chairman of the Council of Ministers Josef Stalin (1941–1953)

• Spain
  • Head of State and Government: General Francisco Franco (1939–1975)

• Czechoslovakia
  • Head of State:
    • President Edvard Beneš ( 1935–1938 , 1945–7 June 1948) (1921–1922 Prime Minister)
    • President Klement Gottwald (June 14, 1948–1953) (1946–1948 Prime Minister, 1929–1953 Chairman of the KPČ)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Klement Gottwald (1946–1948) (1948–1953 President, 1929–1953 Chairman of the KPČ)
    • Prime Minister Antonín Zápotocký (June 15, 1948–1953) (1953–1957 President)

• Turkey
  • Head of State: President İsmet İnönü (1938–1950)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Hasan Saka (1947–1949)

• Hungary
  • Head of State:
    • President Zoltán Tildy (1946– August 2, 1948)
    • President Árpád Szakasits (August 2, 1948–1949)
  • Head of Government:
    • Prime Minister Lajos Dinnyés (1947-10 December 1948)
    • Prime Minister István Dobi (December 10, 1948–1952)

• Vatican city
  • Head of State: Pope Pius XII. (1939-1958)

• United Kingdom
  • Head of State: King George VI. (1936–1952)
  • Head of Government: Prime Minister Earl Clement Attlee (1945–1951)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Federal Council is the collective head of state in Switzerland. The Federal President has the role of primus inter pares